Cupan
Geographic
distribution		southern California
Linguistic classificationUto-Aztecan
Subdivisions
Glottologcupa1239
Historical extent of Cupan languages

The Cupan languages is a branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family that comprises Cupeño, Ivilyuat (Cahuilla), Luiseño-Juaneño, and perhaps Nicoleño, all historically spoken in southern California.

The branch had long been considered to be part of the Takic subgroup, but there is doubt about the validity of Takic as a genetic unit, the similarities between the languages classed as Takic possibly being due primarily to borrowing.[1][2]

Languages and dialects

  • Luiseño-Juaneño language
  • Ivilyuat (also known as Cahuilla)
    • Mountain Cahuilla dialect[3]
    • Pass Cahuilla dialect (also known as Wanikik)[4] †
    • Desert Cahuilla dialect
  • Cupeño †
    • Cupa dialect[5] †
    • Wilaqalpa dialect †
    • Paluqla dialect †

(†) – Extinct language

References

  1. ↑ Shaul, D. L. (2014). A Prehistory of Western North America: The Impact of Uto-Aztecan Languages. UNM Press.
  2. ↑ Hill, J. H. (2011). "Subgrouping in Uto-Aztecan". Language Dynamics and Change, 1(2), 241-278.
  3. 1 2 Golla, Victor (2011-08-02). California Indian Languages. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-26667-4.
  4. ↑ Mamet, Ingo (2008). Man-bear travels to hell: aspects of the phonological description of a Cahuilla narrative. LINCOM GmbH. ISBN 9783895867866.
  5. ↑ Hill, Jane H. (2005). A Grammar of Cupeño. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24637-9.
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