Intense Tropical Cyclone Batsirai
Cyclone Batsirai near peak intensity northwest of Mauritius on 2 February.
Meteorological history
Formed24 January 2022
Post-tropical8 February 2022
Dissipated11 February 2022
Intense tropical cyclone
10-minute sustained (MFR)
Highest winds205 km/h (125 mph)
Lowest pressure923 hPa (mbar); 27.26 inHg
Category 4-equivalent tropical cyclone
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds230 km/h (145 mph)
Lowest pressure932 hPa (mbar); 27.52 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities123 total
Damage$190 million (2022 USD)
Areas affectedMauritius, Réunion, Madagascar
IBTrACS
Part of the 2021–22 Australian region and South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons

Intense Tropical Cyclone Batsirai was a deadly tropical cyclone which heavily impacted Madagascar in February 2022, becoming the strongest tropical cyclone to strike Madagascar since Cyclone Enawo in 2017. It made landfall two weeks after Tropical Storm Ana brought deadly floods to the island country in late January.[1][2] The second tropical disturbance, the first tropical cyclone, and the first intense tropical cyclone of the 2021–22 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season, Batsirai originated from a tropical disturbance that was first noted on 24 January 2022. It fluctuated in intensity and became a moderate tropical storm on 27 January 2022, after which it unexpectedly rapidly intensified into an intense tropical cyclone. It then weakened and struggled to intensify through the coming days due to present wind shear and dry air, where it weakened after some time. Afterward, it entered much more favorable conditions, rapidly intensified yet again to a high-end Category 4 cyclone on the Saffir–Simpson scale while moving towards Madagascar. The storm underwent an eyewall replacement cycle the next day, and fluctuated in intensity before making landfall in Madagascar as a Category 3 cyclone, later rapidly weakening due to the mountainous terrain on the island.

Mauritius and Réunion both experienced damage from the storm, though the effects were relatively minor. 123 deaths were reported due to Batsirai, 121 deaths were reported in Madagascar and 2 deaths were reported in Mauritius.[3][4] As the storm approached, Madagascar prepared recovery supplies, with worries of significant flooding due to the more barren geography of the country. The United Nations supported preparation and relief efforts for after the storm as well, since millions were expected to be affected by it. Batsirai made landfall in the country early on 5 February, and brought heavy impacts and majorly disrupting power and communication throughout the affected areas. Entire towns were devastated, with thousands of structures being damaged or destroyed. After the storm passed, thousands of people evacuated to temporary shelters. Batsirai left at least 112,000 displaced, and 124,000 homes affected.[5][6] Overall, Cyclone Batsirai caused a total of $190 million in damages throughout the storm's life. The same areas were affected a year later by a more powerful cyclone named Cyclone Freddy.[7]

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

The origins of Cyclone Batsirai can be traced back to 23 January, when the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) reported that a tropical low had formed outside of the Australian region, well to the northwest of the Cocos Islands.[8] The Météo-France La Réunion (MFR)[nb 1] took note of the low,[10] along with the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)[nb 2] which designated the low as Invest 96S. The disturbance was located within a marginally favourable environment for further development, with high levels of vertical wind shear, being offset by warm sea surface temperatures of around 29–30 °C (84–86 °F), therefore the agency gave a low chance for potential tropical cyclogenesis within the next 24 hours.[12] A day later at 00:30 UTC, the agency upgraded the probability to medium after the system gradually improved its convective pattern.[13] Later at 21:30 UTC the same day, the agency issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) for Invest 96S, after noting its obscure low-level circulation center.[14] By 25 January, the low briefly entered the Australian region, before exiting by the next day, when the MFR upgraded the low to tropical disturbance status.[15][16][17] According to them, the system's convection had shown signs of gradual organization since 24 January. The center had become better defined with low-level clouds converging towards it in a defined circular pattern, suggesting that a closed circulation had formed.[17] The MFR further upgraded it to a tropical depression at 12:00 UTC the same day, as it continued to improve its convective structure along its low-level center.[18] After its convective activity was briefly interrupted after 18:00 UTC due to dry air,[19] The JTWC subsequently initiated advisories on the system and classified it as Tropical Cyclone 08S at 03:00 UTC the next day.[20]

Cyclone Batsirai near its initial peak intensity on 27 January

Three hours later, the MFR reported that the system had become a moderate tropical storm, and the Mauritius Meteorological Services named it Batsirai.[nb 3][nb 4][21][22] Between 06:00 UTC and 12:00 UTC, Batsirai underwent rapid deepening and intensified from a moderate tropical storm to an intense tropical cyclone within a span of three hours. According to the MFR, it was favoured by the very small size of the system and its fast movement. It had also established an inner core 75 to 90 km (45 to 55 mi) in diameter.[23] Two hours later, the JTWC also upgraded it to a Category 2 tropical cyclone on the Saffir–Simpson scale, as it developed a small eye at about 7 nmi (13 km; 8.1 mi) in diameter.[24] However, by 18:00 UTC, it started to rapidly decline after its eye quickly collapsed and the cloud tops had warmed. Because of these reasons, the MFR downgraded it to a tropical cyclone.[25] At midnight of 28 January, it was further downgraded to a moderate tropical storm, after further weakening of the convective structure.[26] Three hours later, the JTWC downgraded it back to a tropical storm status.[27]

Batsirai resumed its intensification after being upgraded to a severe tropical storm at 06:00 UTC the next day.[28] Nine hours later, the JTWC upgraded it to a Category 1 tropical cyclone.[29] At 03:00 UTC on 30 January, the JTWC further upgraded it to a Category 2 tropical cyclone after noting a well-defined central dense overcast and a microwave eye feature.[30] The MFR further upgraded it to tropical cyclone status at midday.[31] Three hours later, the JTWC upgraded it to a Category 3 tropical cyclone, as its eyewall had expanded and also developed a 5 nmi (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) wide pinhole-eye.[32] However, this was short-lived, and it weakened to Category 1 status by 03:00 UTC on 1 February, as its pinhole-shaped eye collapsed and its eyewall became disorganized, possibly due to the influence of increasing vertical wind shear.[33][34] At 15:00 UTC the same day, however, it re - strengthened to Category 2 status, as it managed to consolidate and its eye feature re-appeared on satellite imagery.[35] Three hours later, the MFR upgraded it to an intense tropical cyclone.[36]

By 03:00 UTC on 2 February, the cyclone underwent another round of rapid intensification, intensifying from a Category 2 to a Category 4 tropical cyclone.[37] Its eyewall rapidly organized and also developed a 15 nmi (28 km; 17 mi) wide eye.[37] After reaching its peak at 12:00 UTC, satellite imagery depicted the formation of another eyewall and signs of weakening.[38][39] It weakened to a Category 3 system during this time. After completing the eyewall replacement cycle, the storm again briefly intensified into a Category 4 system, with MFR determining that Batsirai's central barometric pressure had rapidly fallen to 934 hPa (mbar; 27.58 inHg).[40] It weakened again to a Category 3 system, though it still maintained its overall convective structure.[41][42]

Gradually weakening due to land interaction with Madagascar, it made landfall at 17:30 UTC on 5 February close to the city of Nosy Varika. MFR declared that Batsirai had degenerated into an overland depression, with the JTWC downgrading it to a tropical storm.[43][44] The system entered into the Mozambique Channel, and the MFR re-upgraded the system to a moderate tropical storm.[45] By 7 February, it weakened into a remnant low before transitioning into a post-tropical cyclone.[46][47] Despite fluctuating convective activity, high wind shear, and low sea surface temperatures, due to baroclinic forces, the MFR upgraded the system to a moderate tropical storm once more.[48] It then underwent subtropical transition according to the JTWC, with the agency ceasing advisories on the system on 15:00 UTC of 8 February. MFR issued their last advisory on the storm on 8 February as it again transitioned into a post-tropical cyclone,[49] with the system being last noted on 11 February.[50]

Preparations

Cyclone Batsirai rapidly intensifying on 2 February

Mauritius

A class IV cyclone warning was issued on 2 February as Batsirai neared the island.[51]

Madagascar

The landfall area of Batsirai was projected to accumulate up to 250 to 500 mm (10 to 20 in) of rainfall.[52] The country's capital, Antananarivo, was predicted to have 150 millimetres (6 in) of rainfall.[2] Search and Rescue teams were deployed in Brickaville, Manakara, and Morondava. The START Network set aside $567,000 to provide assistance. Emergency stock lists were updated by HCT members to help restock humanitarian items. The country's government's disaster management agency worked with UNOSAT as well, and aerial assistance was also prepared as Batsirai approached.[53] Extensive flooding in the east, southeast, and central highlands and major damage were anticipated. The storm was also expected to cause more damage than usual due to the deforestation the country experienced in the last 20 years.[54] The third largest city in the nation, Antsirabe, was forecasted to receive in excess of 250 millimetres (10 in) of rainfall.[55]

Batsirai was expected to worsen food scarcities and emergencies in the country. Schools were closed on 4 February, and residents in low-lying and coastal areas were advised to leave.[56] The storm was also feared to hamper the relief effects of Tropical Storm Ana weeks before.[57] A predicted 4.4 million people were expected to be affected by the storm across 14 districts, with 595,000 directly. More than 150,000 inhabitants were expected be displaced. The IFRC launched a fundraiser to help with potential victims of the storm.[58][59][60]

Waves of up to 15 m (49 ft) were forecasted as the storm closed in on the coast. The United Nations worked with aid agencies to help with preparedness and the aftermath. Humanitarian items were stockpiled, and rescue aircraft were put on standby. A spokesman for the UN's organization OCHA, stated the impact of Batsirai was expected to be "considerable".[61][62]

Impact

Cyclone Batsirai shortly before landfall in Madagascar on 5 February

Mauritius

Along with the airport, all transport services were closed due to the impact. Wind gusts reached 155 km/h (96 mph),[63] and rain totalled 180 mm (7 in) in other areas of the island country. Two deaths were reported.[3][64] Trees had been uprooted in many areas, and at least 7,500 homes faced power outages.[65] A total of 138 people sought refuge in evacuation centers.[66] The Mahébourg waterfront was damaged by large waves, with several chairs and tables swept into the sea.[67]

Réunion

At least 36,000 people on the island lost power as Batsirai approached,[68] with 10,000 still out on 7 February.[69] Several people were injured, with the storm causing carbon monoxide poisoning in 10 people.[70] Eleven sailors were stranded in an oil tanker during the storm, and were rescued on 4 February.[71] Agricultural losses were estimated at €47 million ($53.3 million).[nb 5][72]

Madagascar

Communication was sparse initially when the storm made landfall. Batsirai's conditions caused power outages and forced many people to move into shelters. Trees fell and power grids were knocked out, as well as homes were destroyed.[73] At least 112,000 people[5] were displaced by the storm, with 91,000 left homeless.[74] Several houses had their roofs completely blown away, and many large coconut palm trees were blown over. Some houses were reduced to just wooden frames, and a survivor said the damage resembled a "fire", and that it was the "strongest cyclone [anyone] had experienced". Mananjary and Manakara were particularly heavy hit, with the former having at least 26,000 displaced alone, and had its hospital and prison damaged as well.[75] A large portion of Madagascar was still waterlogged from Ana weeks earlier, and the arrival of Batsirai worsened the effects.[76][69]

Nosy Varika was strongly damaged. An official described the damage as if they were "bombed", with 95% of buildings being reported as destroyed. Floods cut access to the town. Electric poles fell, and roofs were torn off in the city of Fianarantsoa, which was also heavily flooded. A landslide was caused by the cyclone in the region of Haute Matsiatra.[77] Flooding and debris rendered 17 bridges and 17 roads impassable, as well as at least 69 classrooms completely destroyed, and 439 damaged; this left over 9,000 children unable to attend lessons,[78] with 403 in Mananjary alone.[79] After the storm passed, already flooded canals and rivers continued to rise.[80] In Mananjary and surrounding areas, early reports indicated over 6,000 buildings were flooded, with half of them destroyed.[69] The president of Madagascar, Andry Rajoelina, showed images of a church's metal roof twisted off, along other damage online after he visited Mananjary. Fruit trees and rice paddies were ripped and flooded in the town and other areas, hampering the harvest that was only two weeks away.[81] The time it took to travel to the town by car was increased several days due to damage. Main roads linking the capital to smaller areas were cut off, making relief efforts even harder.[75][78]

The UNHAS aerial flight discovered that Fitovinany region mostly suffered flooding damage; with several communities taking heavy hits to their agriculture and infrastructure.[78] In total, over 17,100 homes were damaged, with 7,488 destroyed, 2,714 partially, and 6,978 flooded. 53 health centers were damaged, along with 6 destroyed.[82] In Ikongo alone, 87 people died.[6] Collapsing homes killed people in their sleep.[5] A member of parliament representing the district also said that people also drowned in flooded areas there as well.[83]

121 deaths were reported,[5][4][84] including 13 children, with 5 being under 12 years of age.[85][82]

Aftermath

The amount of destruction is significant and for many this is only the beginning. The storm may have passed, but now the affected communities must restart from scratch—rebuilding their homes, schools and hospitals

Vincent Dolanneau, Humanity & Inclusion's director for Madagascar, to ABC News.[86]

Mauritius

A total of 454 people, in 182 affected families, sought shelter in 45 centers. They were all surveyed in order to give them the necessary help after the storm. The Minister of Social Integration, Social Security, and National Solidarity, Mrs. Fazila Jeewa-Daureeawoo, made the announcement about the procedure on 7 February.[87]

Madagascar

False-color satellite imagery of flooding in Madagascar on 10 February

The impacts of Tropical Storm Ana were compounded by the damage that Batsirai brought.[88]

Schools and churches prepared to shelter those displaced around Mananjary.[77] World Food Programme distributed hot meals to 4,000 evacuated and displaced people in shelters.[89] Drinking water and basic necessities were lacking in impacted areas, and the spreading of several diseases was also a concern.[90] A humanitarian crisis was also feared to rise out of the storm's effects.[91] Aerial rescue effort first took place on 6 February via an UNHAS flight. The Malagasy government provided households affected with monetary donations. UNICEF also supported relief efforts by giving out kits to create child-friendly spaces in several regions of the country. Other measures were taken to help decrease incidents inside of shelters as well.[88] A team that initially consisted of five EU Civil Protection officials from France, Finland, and Sweden traveled to affected areas to help victims of the storm.[92]

The PRIOI had deployed 87 tons of humanitarian material from its warehouses in the country to use for relief efforts, an effort that cost approximately €667,000.[93] An estimated 75,000 people—including 37,500 children—were in need of relief assistance after Batsirai.[85] WASH partners delivered items to Vatovavy, Fitovinany, and Atsimo Atisinanana regions.[82]

International response

France and Germany have offered water purification modules via the EU Civil Protection Mechanism.[92]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Météo-France's meteorological office in Réunion (MFR) is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the South-West Indian Ocean, tracking all tropical cyclones south of the equator, from the east coast of Africa to 90° E.[9]
  2. ↑ The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the Indian Ocean and other regions.[11]
  3. ↑ The name Batsirai was provided by Zimbabwe to be used for the sequential naming list for the cyclone season.
  4. ↑ The Sub-Regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Center (Mauritius Meteorological Services) in Mauritius names a storm if the system intensifies into a moderate tropical storm between 55° E and 90° E.[9]
  5. ↑ All monetary figures are in their 2022 values unless otherwise noted.

References

  1. ↑ Cappucci, Matthew (7 February 2022). "Cyclone Batsirai slams Madagascar at major hurricane strength, killing 20". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 8 February 2022. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
  2. 1 2 Pedram Javaheri (2 February 2022). "Rapidly intensified Cyclone Batsirai bears down on Madagascar, weeks after deadly floods". CNN. Archived from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  3. 1 2 ion (3 February 2022). "Batsirai fait deux victimes" [Batsirai kills two]. ionnews.mu (in French). Archived from the original on 3 February 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  4. 1 2 Richard Davies, Africa, News (14 February 2022). "Madagascar – Death Toll From Tropical Cyclone Batsirai Rises to 121". Flood List. Archived from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. 1 2 3 4 Bezain, Laetitia (9 February 2022). "Madagascar's death toll from Cyclone Batsirai rises to 92". KXAN Austin. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
  6. 1 2 Rabary, Lovasoa (11 February 2022). "Death toll from Cyclone Batsirai in Madagascar jumps to 120 - state agency". Reuters. Archived from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  7. ↑ GlobalCatastrophe Recap First Half of 2021 (PDF) (Report). Aon Benfield. 12 April 2022. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  8. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Outlook for the Western Region Issued at 2:00 pm WST on Sunday 23 January 2022 for the period until midnight WST Wednesday 26 January 2022". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 23 January 2022. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  9. 1 2 Regional Association I Tropical Cyclone Committee (2021). "Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South-West Indian Ocean" (PDF). World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2022. Alt URL
  10. ↑ Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean (PDF) (Report). Météo-France. 23 January 2022. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
  11. ↑ Frequently Asked Questions (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 13 August 2012. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
  12. ↑ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean Reissued (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 23 January 2022. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022. Alt URL
  13. ↑ Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean Reissued (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 24 January 2022. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022. Alt URL
  14. ↑ Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (Invest 96S) (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 24 January 2022. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022. Alt URL
  15. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Outlook for the Western Region Issued at 2:39 pm WST on Tuesday 25 January 2022 for the period until midnight WST Friday 28 January 2022". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 25 January 2022. Archived from the original on 31 January 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  16. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Outlook for the Western Region issued at 2:00 pm WST on Wednesday 26 January 2022". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 26 January 2022. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  17. 1 2 "Tropical Disturbance 2 Warning Number 1/2/20212022" (PDF). La Réunion, France: Météo-France. 26 January 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  18. ↑ "Tropical Depression 2 Warning Number 2/2/20212022" (PDF). La Réunion, France: Météo-France. 26 January 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  19. ↑ "Tropical Depression 2 Warning Number 3/2/20212022" (PDF). La Réunion, France: Météo-France. 26 January 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  20. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Cyclone 08S (Eight) Warning No. 1 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 27 January 2022. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022. Alt URL
  21. ↑ "Moderate Tropical Storm 2 (Batsirai) Warning Number 5/2/20212022" (PDF). La Réunion, France: Météo-France. 27 January 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  22. ↑ "Current Storm/Cyclone Moderate Tropical Storm Batsirai 27 January 2022". Mauritius Meteorological Services. 27 January 2022. Archived from the original on 13 February 2022. Retrieved 27 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  23. ↑ "*CORRECTED* Intense Tropical Cyclone 2 (Batsirai) Warning Number 6/2/20212022" (PDF). La Réunion, France: Météo-France. 27 January 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  24. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Cyclone 08S (Batsirai) Warning No. 2 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 27 January 2022. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022. Alt URL
  25. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone 2 (Batsirai) Warning Number 7/2/20212022" (PDF). La Réunion, France: Météo-France. 27 January 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  26. ↑ "Moderate Tropical Storm 2 (Batsirai) Warning Number 8/2/20212022" (PDF). La Réunion, France: Météo-France. 28 January 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  27. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Cyclone 08S (Batsirai) Warning No. 3 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 28 January 2022. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022. Alt URL
  28. ↑ "Severe Tropical Storm 2 (Batsirai) Warning Number 13/2/20212022" (PDF). La Réunion, France: Météo-France. 29 January 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  29. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Cyclone 08S (Batsirai) Warning No. 6 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 29 January 2022. Archived from the original on 31 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022. Alt URL
  30. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Cyclone 08S (Batsirai) Warning No. 7 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 30 January 2022. Archived from the original on 31 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022. Alt URL
  31. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone 2 (Batsirai) Warning Number 18/2/20212022" (PDF). La Réunion, France: Météo-France. 30 January 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  32. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Cyclone 08S (Batsirai) Warning No. 8 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 30 January 2022. Archived from the original on 31 January 2022. Retrieved 31 January 2022. Alt URL
  33. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Cyclone 08S (Batsirai) Warning No. 10 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 31 January 2022. Archived from the original on 31 January 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2022. Alt URL
  34. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Cyclone 08S (Batsirai) Warning No. 11 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 31 January 2022. Archived from the original on 31 January 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2022. Alt URL
  35. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Cyclone 08S (Batsirai) Warning No. 12 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 1 February 2022. Archived from the original on 1 February 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2022. Alt URL
  36. ↑ "Intense Tropical Cyclone 2 (Batsirai) Warning Number 27/2/20212022" (PDF). La Réunion, France: Météo-France. 1 February 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 February 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  37. 1 2 Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Cyclone 08S (Batsirai) Warning No. 13 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 1 February 2022. Archived from the original on 1 February 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2022. Alt URL
  38. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Cyclone 08S (Batsirai) Warning No. 14 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 2 February 2022. Archived from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2022. Alt URL
  39. ↑ "Intense Tropical Cyclone 2 (Batsirai) Warning Number 27/2/20212022" (PDF). La Réunion, France: Météo-France. 2 February 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  40. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Cyclone 08S (Batsirai) Warning No. 16 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 3 February 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2022. Alt URL
  41. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Cyclone 08S (Batsirai) Warning No. 20 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 5 February 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022. Alt URL
  42. ↑ "Intense Tropical Cyclone 2 (Batsirai) Warning Number 38/2/20212022" (PDF). La Réunion, France: Météo-France. 2 February 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  43. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Cyclone 08S (Batsirai) Warning No. 21 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022. Alt URL
  44. ↑ "Overland Depression 2 (Batsirai) Warning Number 44/2/20212022" (PDF). La Réunion, France: Météo-France. 6 February 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  45. ↑ "Moderate Tropical Storm 2 (Batsirai) Warning Number 47/2/20212022" (PDF). La Réunion, France: Météo-France. 6 February 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  46. ↑ "Remnant low 2 (Batsirai) Warning Number 49/2/20212022" (PDF). La Réunion, France: Météo-France. 6 February 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  47. ↑ "Post tropical depression 2 (Ex-Batsirai) Warning Number 50/2/20212022" (PDF). La Réunion, France: Météo-France. 6 February 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  48. ↑ "Moderate Tropical Storm Batsirai 2 (Batsirai) Warning Number 51/2/20212022" (PDF). La Réunion, France: Météo-France. 6 February 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  49. ↑ "Post Tropical Depression Batsirai 2 (Batsirai) Warning Number 54/2/20212022" (PDF). La Réunion, France: Météo-France. 8 February 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
  50. ↑ "Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwestern Indian Ocean" (PDF). La Réunion, France: Météo-France. 11 February 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  51. ↑ Par La Rédaction (2 February 2022). "Un avertissement de cyclone de classe 4 est en vigueur à Maurice" [A class 4 cyclone warning is in effect in Mauritius]. L'Express (in French). Archived from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  52. ↑ "Cyclone Batsirai hits Madagascar". public.wmo.int. 4 February 2022. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
  53. ↑ "SOUTHERN AFRICA: Cyclone Season Flash Update No. 1" (PDF). United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs: 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 February 2022.
  54. ↑ "Bracing for Batsirai". NASA Earth Observatory. 4 February 2022. Archived from the original on 5 February 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  55. ↑ Masters, Jeff (3 February 2022). "Category 4 Tropical Cyclone Batsirai headed for vulnerable Madagascar » Yale Climate Connections". Yale Climate Connections. Archived from the original on 3 February 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  56. ↑ Livingston, Ian (3 February 2022). "Powerful tropical cyclone Batsirai to hit Madagascar on Saturday". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  57. ↑ "Threat to lives and livelihoods as Cyclone Batsirai hurls towards Madagascar - Madagascar". ReliefWeb. 4 February 2022. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  58. ↑ "Madagascar: Tropical storm and cyclone | IFRC". www.ifrc.org. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  59. ↑ "Madagascar: More than 4 million people at risk as Tropical Cyclone Batsirai bears down on eastern coast | IFRC". www.ifrc.org. 4 February 2022. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  60. ↑ "Storm Batsirai set to displace 150,000 in Madagascar, aid agencies say". WTVB | 1590 AM · 95.5 FM | The Voice of Branch County. 4 February 2022. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  61. ↑ "Cyclone Batsirai approaches Madagascar, poses 'serious threat'". www.news24.com. Archived from the original on 5 February 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  62. ↑ Farge, Emma (4 February 2022). "Storm Batsirai set to displace 150,000 in Madagascar, aid agencies say". Reuters. Archived from the original on 5 February 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  63. ↑ Par La Rédaction (3 February 2022). "Batsirai: aucun avertissement de cyclone n'est en vigueur à Maurice" [Batsirai: no cyclone warning is in effect in Mauritius]. L'Express (in French). Archived from the original on 3 February 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  64. ↑ Bhuckory, Kamlesh; Bonorchis, Renee (2 February 2022). "Cyclone Dumps Heavy Rains on Mauritius En Route to Madagascar". bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  65. ↑ "Thousands without power as cyclone winds hit Mauritius". ARY NEWS. 2 February 2022. Archived from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  66. ↑ Lepoigneur, Florian (2 February 2022). "Batsirai: pas de gros dégâts selon le Premier ministre" [Batsirai: no major damage according to the Prime Minister]. L'Express (in French). Archived from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  67. ↑ Par La Rédaction (2 February 2022). "Le Mahébourg Waterfront face aux coups de boutoir de Batsirai" [The Mahébourg Waterfront faced with batsirai's battering]. L'Express (in French). Archived from the original on 3 February 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  68. ↑ "36 000 clients privés d'électricité" [36,000 customers without electricity]. Journal de l'île de La Réunion (in French). 2 February 2022. Archived from the original on 3 February 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  69. 1 2 3 Duff, Renee; AccuWeather meteorologist (6 February 2022). "Batsirai delivers 2nd devastating blow in as many weeks to vulnerable Madagascar". AccuWeather. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  70. ↑ "Residents of Reunion Island confined to homes as tropical cyclone Batsirai passes through". France 24. 3 February 2022. Archived from the original on 3 February 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  71. ↑ "Sailors stranded off France's La Reunion by Cyclone Batsirai saved". France 24. 4 February 2022. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  72. ↑ "Batsirai : 47 millions de pertes agricoles" [Batsirai: 47 million agricultural losses]. Le Quotidien de la Réunion (in French). Archived from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  73. ↑ Rabary, Lovasoa (5 February 2022). "Cyclone Batsirai destroys homes and knocks out power in Madagascar". Reuters. Archived from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  74. ↑ WION Video Team (10 February 2022). "Madagascar struggles as death toll from Cyclone Batsirai nears 100". WION. Archived from the original on 10 February 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  75. 1 2 Chutel, Lynsey (8 February 2022). "Cyclone Batsirai Leaves Devastation and Death in Madagascar". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 8 February 2022. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
  76. ↑ "An estimated 45,000 people have been displaced by a cyclone in Madagascar". NPR. Associated Press. 6 February 2022. Archived from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  77. 1 2 Rabary, Lovasoa (6 February 2022). "Cyclone kills at least 10 in Madagascar, destroying homes and cutting power". Reuters. Archived from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
  78. 1 2 3 "Southern Africa: Cyclone Season Flash Update No. 4 (Tropical Cyclone Batsirai) (8 February 2022) - Madagascar". ReliefWeb. Archived from the original on 8 February 2022. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
  79. ↑ MAP Action, ReliefWeb (8 February 2022). "Madagascar: Tropical Cyclone Batisirai, Damaged and Destroyed Classrooms at District level (As of 8th Feb 2022)" (PDF). ReliefWeb. 1: 1. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  80. ↑ Rabary, Lovasoa (7 February 2022). "Hit by second cyclone in two weeks, Madagascar struggles to bring relief". Reuters. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  81. ↑ Antananarivo, Reuters in (9 February 2022). "Madagascar death toll from Cyclone Batsirai rises to 92". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2022. {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  82. 1 2 3 Relief Web, Situation Report (10 February 2022). "Southern Africa: Cyclone Season Flash Update No. 5 (Tropical Cyclone Batsirai) (10 February 2022)". ReliefWeb. Archived from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  83. ↑ "Madagascar death toll from Cyclone Batsirai rises to 80 -state agency". WTVB | 1590 AM · 95.5 FM | The Voice of Branch County. Archived from the original on 12 February 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
  84. ↑ "Southern Africa: Cyclone Season Flash Update No. 6 (Tropical Cyclone Batsirai) (13 February 2022) - Madagascar". ReliefWeb. 15 February 2022. Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  85. 1 2 "UNICEF working to assist tens of thousands following cyclone Batsirai In Madagascar". www.unicef.org. Archived from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
  86. ↑ Winsor, Morgan. "Cyclone Batsirai leaves over a dozen dead, thousands homeless in Madagascar". US: ABC News. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  87. ↑ "Mauritius: Cyclone Batsirai - Minister Jeewa-Daureeawoo Announces Support Measures for Affected Vulnerable Families". allAfrica.com. 8 February 2022. Archived from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
  88. 1 2 ReliefWeb, OCHA (7 February 2022). "SOUTHERN AFRICA: Cyclone Season Flash Update No. 3: Tropical Cyclone Batsirai" (PDF). Flash Update. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2022.
  89. ↑ "Madagascar: WFP provides immediate emergency assistance in the aftermath of cyclone Batsirai - Madagascar". ReliefWeb. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  90. ↑ "Cyclone Batsirai: Madagascar dealt a second devastating blow in two weeks - CNN Video". CNN. 7 February 2022. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  91. ↑ "Humanitarian crisis feared as cyclone kills 20 in Madagascar". France 24. 7 February 2022. Archived from the original on 7 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  92. 1 2 "Madagascar: EU provides assistance to people affected by devastating cyclone Batsirai - Madagascar". ReliefWeb. Archived from the original on 8 February 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
  93. ↑ Par La Rédaction (9 February 2022). "Batsirai à Madagascar : la Croix-Rouge française déploie 87 tonnes de matériel d'urgence" [Batsirai in Madagascar: the French Red Cross deploys 87 tons of emergency equipment]. Le Quotidien de la Réunion (in French). Archived from the original on 9 February 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cyclone Batsirai.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.