David Bugozi Musuguri
Nickname(s)General Mutukula
Born (1920-01-04) 4 January 1920
Butiama, Tanganyika
Allegiance Britain
 Tanganyika
 Tanzania
Service/branchKing's African Rifles
Tanganyika Rifles
Tanzania People's Defence Force
Years of service1942–1988
RankLieutenant general
Commands held20th Division TPDF
TPDF
Battles/wars

David Bugozi Musuguri (born 4 January 1920) is a Tanzanian soldier and retired military officer who served as Chief of the Tanzania People's Defence Force from 1980 until 1988.

Biography

Early life

David Musuguri was born on 4 January 1920 in Butiama, Tanganyika.[1][lower-alpha 1] In 1938, he underwent bhakisero, a traditional rite of passage for Zanaki males involving the filing of the top incisors into triangular shapes.[2]

Military career

In 1942, Musugiri enlisted in the King's African Rifles (KAR),[3] beginning as a private.[4] He later served with the KAR in Madagascar.[3] By 1947 he was a sergeant and acted as an instructor at Kahawa Barracks in Nairobi, Kenya. While there he met future Ugandan dictator Idi Amin, who was a pupil of his.[5] In 1957, the British administration introduced the rank of effendi into the KAR, which was awarded to high performing African non-commissioned officers and warrant officers (it was not a true officer classification). Musuguri was given the rank.[6] In December 1961, Tanganyika became a sovereign state and several units of the KAR was transferred to the newly formed Tanganyika Rifles. The rank of effendi was shortly thereafter abandoned,[7] and, by 1962, Musuguri had been promoted to lieutenant.[8] During the Tanganyika Rifles mutiny of January 1964, Musuguri was stationed in Tabora. Rebellious troops, attempting to remove and replace their British officers, declared him a major.[9]

I am proud that I participated in chasing Idi Amin Dada to Saudi Arabia where he sought for asylum. But I can assure you, there is no war that is good. War means killing.

—Musuguri's reflection on the Uganda–Tanzania War[1]

Though reportedly illiterate, Musuguri eventually rose to the rank of brigadier by 1978.[10] In early 1979, he was promoted to major general and given command of the Tanzanian People's Defence Force (TPDF)'s 20th Division, a force that had been assembled to invade Uganda following the outbreak of the Uganda–Tanzania War in 1978.[4][11] During the war, he garnered the nom de guerre "General Mutukula",[12] and successfully commanded his forces during the battles of Simba Hills,[13][14] Masaka,[15][16] and Lukaya,[17][18] as well as Operation Dada Idi.[19] Over the course of the conflict he took charge of over a dozen Ugandan orphans and oversaw their care until they could be turned over to relatives.[20]

In early November 1980, Musuguri was appointed Chief of the TPDF. He returned to Tanzania the following week to take up his new post.[21] On 30 December, President Julius Nyerere promoted him to lieutenant general.[22] On 7 February 1981, Ugandan President Milton Obote gave Musuguri two spears in honor of "his gallant action in the Battle of Lukaya".[23] During his tenure, he was accused of encouraging ethnic favoritism in the armed forces.[24] He was opposed to withdrawing Tanzanian troops from Uganda in 1981 on the grounds that the country had not yet built a reliable armed force, but Nyerere overruled him.[25] His retirement was announced on 31 August 1988.[24]

Later life

Following his retirement, Musuguri moved to Butiama.[1][3] In 2002, he endorsed the creation of an East African federation between Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya.[26] In 2014, he was awarded the Order of the Union Third Class by President Jakaya Kikwete.[27] On 4 January 2020, he celebrated his 100th birthday.[1]

Notes

  1. ↑ According to Thomas Molony, Musuguri was born on 4 January 1923.[2]

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 4 Mugini, Jacob (4 January 2020). "General Musuguri: Ex-CDF Chief Who Turns 100 Years Today". Daily News. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
  2. 1 2 Molony 2014, p. 239.
  3. 1 2 3 Molony 2014, p. 213.
  4. 1 2 Avirgan & Honey 1983, p. 79.
  5. ↑ "General David Musuguri, Idi Amin's nemesis turns 100". The Citizen. 4 January 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
  6. ↑ Tanganyika Rifles Mutiny 1993, pp. 19–20.
  7. ↑ Tanganyika Rifles Mutiny 1993, pp. 20, 25.
  8. ↑ Tanganyika Rifles Mutiny 1993, p. 26.
  9. ↑ Tanganyika Rifles Mutiny 1993, p. 101.
  10. ↑ "Makamanda Walioongoza Vita ya Kagera". Global Publishers (in Swahili). 3 January 2020. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
  11. ↑ Lubega, Henry (26 April 2014). "Revisiting the Tanzania-Uganda war that toppled Amin". Daily Monitor. Archived from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
  12. ↑ Mzirai 1980, p. 156.
  13. ↑ Avirgan & Honey 1983, pp. 78–79.
  14. ↑ Cooper & Fontanellaz 2015, p. 29.
  15. ↑ Avirgan & Honey 1983, p. 84.
  16. ↑ Cooper & Fontanellaz 2015, pp. 30–31.
  17. ↑ Avirgan & Honey 1983, p. 91.
  18. ↑ Cooper & Fontanellaz 2015, p. 33.
  19. ↑ Avirgan & Honey 1983, p. 94.
  20. ↑ Avirgan & Honey 1983, p. xi.
  21. ↑ "General Musuguri to Tanzania". Sub-Saharan Africa Report. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1980.
  22. ↑ "Tanzania : Senior Officers Promoted". Africa Research Bulletin. 1980. p. 5910.
  23. ↑ "Ugandan honour for Tanzanian COS". Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa. No. 6612–6661. 1981. OCLC 378680447.
  24. 1 2 "Tanzania : New Defence Chief". Africa Research Bulletin. Vol. 25. 1988. p. 9014.
  25. ↑ Avirgan & Honey 1983, pp. 231–232.
  26. ↑ "Tanzania general calls for federation". New Vision. 11 April 2002. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
  27. ↑ "President honours 86 for selfless service". Daily News. Dar es Salaam. 27 April 2014. Archived from the original on 22 July 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2019.

References

  • Avirgan, Tony; Honey, Martha (1983). War in Uganda: The Legacy of Idi Amin. Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Publishing House. ISBN 978-9976-1-0056-3.
  • Cooper, Tom; Fontanellaz, Adrien (2015). Wars and Insurgencies of Uganda 1971–1994. Solihull: Helion & Company Limited. ISBN 978-1-910294-55-0.
  • Molony, Thomas (2014). Nyerere: The Early Years. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. ISBN 9781847010902.
  • Mzirai, Baldwin (1980). Kuzama kwa Idi Amin (in Swahili). Dar es Salaam: Publicity International. OCLC 9084117.
  • Tanganyika Rifles Mutiny: January 1964. Dar es Salaam University Press. 1993. ISBN 9789976601879.
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