Deep Lake Water Cooling System
Location
CountryCanada
ProvinceOntario
Coordinates43°36′56″N 79°22′55″W / 43.61543°N 79.38200°W / 43.61543; -79.38200
General information
TypeWater
OwnerEnwave
PartnersToronto Water
ContractorsMcNally International
Construction started1997
CommissionedAugust 17, 2004
Technical information
Length5 km (3.1 mi)
Maximum discharge453 Million Litres Per Day (Raw Water) 440 Million Litres Per Day (Potable Water)
Diameter1,600 mm (63 in)
Pumping stationsToronto Island Water Treatment Plant - Raw Water Pumping Station, John Street Pumping Station and Energy Transfer Station.

The Deep Lake Water Cooling System or DLWC is a deep water source cooling project in Toronto, Canada. As a renewable energy project, it involves running cold water from Lake Ontario, to air-condition buildings located downtown Toronto.

The DLWC was built by Enwave, and opened August 17, 2004. Notable clients include Toronto-Dominion Centre, Royal Bank Plaza, RBC Centre, Metro Toronto Convention Centre and Scotiabank Arena.[1][2]

Deep Lake Water Cooling Pipeline Installation
Deep Lake Water Cooling Pipeline Installation

Compared to traditional air-conditioning, Deep Lake Water Cooling reduces electricity use by 75%, and may eliminate 40,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide, the equivalent of taking 8,000 cars off the streets.[3]

Deep Lake Water Cooling Expansion (4th Intake)
Location
CountryCanada
ProvinceOntario
General information
TypeRaw Water
OwnerEnwave
PartnersToronto Water
ContractorsC&M McNally, Dean Construction
Construction started2021
Commissioned2024
Technical information
Length3.3 km (2.1 mi)
Maximum discharge251 Million Litres Per Day
Diameter1,600 mm (63 in)
Pumping stationsJohn Street Pumping Station Lake Water Pumps

Development

An Environmental Assessment and design of the DLWC was completed by R.V. Anderson Associates Limited starting in 1997. Pre-construction began in 1997, and received money from the Federation of Canadian Municipalities.[4] It was officially launched on August 17, 2004, at Steam Whistle Brewing, one of Enwave's customers. The launch was attended by actor Alec Baldwin, Ontario Minister of Energy Dwight Duncan, Canadian Minister of Human Resources and Skills Development Joe Volpe, and Toronto Deputy Mayor Sandra Bussin. The launch coincided with the anniversary of the 2003 blackout.[5]

Mechanism

The DLWC involves three large HDPE pipes have been run 5 kilometres (3 miles) into Lake Ontario, to a depth of 83 metres.[6] An an expansion to the system consists of an additional fourth pipe that extends 3.3 kilometers into Lake Ontario to a depth of 70 metres.

Lake Ontario is a thermally stratified lake and contains a thermocline. The bottom most layer is composed of dense cold water and is referred to as the hypolimnion. At this depth the water is a constant 4 °C (39 °F). The water is piped to the Toronto Island Water Treatment Plant for potable water treatment and then to the John Street Pumping Station. An Energy Transfer Station is located at the John Street Pumping Station which contains a series of plate and frame heat exchangers. These are used to transfer heat between from a chilled water to the potable water. This cooled chilled water is then circulated within a district energy distribution system to supply buildings with cooling. This chilled water is then returned back to the Energy Transfer Station. The potable water is then supplied to the municipal drinking water system. Built at a cost of C$230m ($200m) over four years, the system is run by the Enwave Energy Corporation.[7]

Cold lake water is pumped through the source side of heat exchangers situated at Toronto's John Street Pumping Station while a chilled water mixture is circulated through the load circuit of the heat exchanger, allowing for a net energy transfer from the Lake water/chilled water mixture to the lake water. The chilled water mixture is then circulated using pumps throughout fan-coil units installed in high-rise properties throughout the region served by Enwave in Downtown Toronto where is absorbs energy and repeats the cycle to provide cooling and dehumidification. This system is advantageous since it reduces, or even completely eradicates chiller usage during summer months and shoulder seasons, reducing energy usage, as well as minimizing the number of evaporative cooling towers from operating, which are susceptible to becoming breeding grounds for Legionella pneumophila.

Expansion

In 2018, a Deep Lake Water Cooling Expansion program was initiated to increase the system capacity. An Environmental Assessment and design of the DLWC was completed by R.V. Anderson Associates Limited starting in 2020. Construction commenced in 2021 and is scheduled to be complete by 2024. The expansion consists of an addition 4th intake pipeline that is 3.3 km long to a depth of 70 m. A new tunnel and shaft conveyance system from Toronto Island to The John Street Pumping Station that is 3 km long and is located 90 m below ground surface. New pumps and heat exchangers at the John Street Pumping Station. As well as conveyance and system upgrades to other downstream systems.

4th Intake Installation
4th Intake Installation

The expansion will increase the system capacity by 251 million litres per day for a total deep lake water cooling raw water capacity of 704 million litres per day. [8]

See also

References

  1. ""Toronto is home to the world's largest lake-powered cooling system. Here's how it works."". Washington Post. 2021-10-05.
  2. Root, Tik (2021-11-05). "Climate solutions: Toronto is home to the world's largest lake-powered cooling system. Here's how it works". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2021-11-05. Retrieved 2021-11-06.
  3. "'Energy of the future' flows into downtown Toronto". Retrieved 2020-07-24.
  4. "Lake Ontario water cools Toronto offices". CBC. 2004-08-17.
  5. "'Energy of the future' flows into downtown Toronto". Retrieved 2020-07-24.
  6. "An answer for the heat? Cool clear water". Retrieved 2020-07-24.
  7. "A cool concept". The Economist. April 24, 2007.
  8. R.V. Anderson Associates Limited. "Deep Lake Water Cooling Supply Expansion". Retrieved 8 January 2024.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.