Dera Sachkhand Ballan
ਡੇਰਾ ਸੱਚ ਖੰਡ ਬੱਲਾਂ
AbbreviationDSB[1]
Formationc. 1900
PurposeSocio-religious
HeadquartersDera Sach Khand, Ballan village, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
Founder
Pipal Dass
Current Gaddi Nashin
Niranjan Dass
Previous Gaddi Nashin
Garib Dass

Dera Sach Khand Ballan (Punjabi: ਡੇਰਾ ਸਚ ਖੰਡ ਬੱਲਾਂ (Gurmukhi); ڈیرہ پالیسیاں کان بالا (Shahmukhi)), also known as Dera Sant Sarwan Dass or Dera Ballan,[2] is a socio-religious organization (dera) of Ravidasis[1] based in the village of Ballan near Jalandhar, Punjab, India. It was founded by Pipal Dass soon after 1900, and it played a role in the Ad Dharm movement to popularize the image of Ravidas as a guru. It has since adopted the mission of spreading the teachings of Ravidas and advancing public education and healthcare in India.

For much of its history, Dera Ballan's teaching was based on Sikh scripture including the works of Ravidas.[3] In 2009, two of Dera Ballan's leaders were attacked by Sikh militants in Vienna, Austria, and one of them died as a result. In the following year, the Dera formally established a separate religion, Ravidassia Dharm, and they introduced their new religious text, Amritbani Guru Ravidas.

In addition to its headquarters in Ballan, Dera Sach Khand manages the Temple of Guru Ravidas's Birthplace at Seer Goverdhanpur, Varanasi; the Sarwan Dass Charitable Hospital in Adda Kathar, Jalandhar district; and the Sarwan Dass Model School in Phagwara.

Facilities and initiatives

Dera Sach Khand was founded in Ballan, Punjab, India, by Pipal Dass in the early 1900s, and it soon became a central site for followers of Ravidas.[4] As of 2012, the complex includes a shrine, a congregation hall, a library, a communal kitchen hall, and charitable medical facilities.[1][2] The Dera also manages the Temple of Guru Ravidas's Birthplace at Seer Goverdhanpur, Varanasi; the Sarwan Dass Charitable Hospital in Adda Kathar, Jalandhar district; and the Sarwan Dass Model School in Phagwara, and they support many other educational institutions and deras in the region.[1]

The Dera encourages scholars who either carry out research on Ravidas or bring out publications on related subjects. By 2008, twenty scholars had been awarded gold medals for their contributions in this area.[2] The Dera also spreads the philosophy of Ravidas through various publications, including audio-visual media such as CDs, DVDs, and tapes.[2][5]

Role in Ad Dharm movement

According to the researcher Ronki Ram, the Ad Dharm (ancient faith)[1] movement started in 1925 to "fight against the system of untouchability" in India, and it "played a historic role in the formation of Dalit consciousness in Punjab".[2] In an article published by the Deccan Herald, he writes:[6]

Mangoo Ram, the founder of the Ad Dharm movement, visited Dera Ballan and sought its support in popularizing the image of Guru Ravidass among the Dalits of Punjab. The association of the Dera with the Ad Dharm movement becomes further clear from the fact that Sarwan Dass, the then head of the Dera Ballan, offered juice to Mangoo Ram to open his fast-unto-death, undertaken by him as a counter measure to that of Mahatma Gandhi's fast against the Communal Award in 1932.

Opinderjit Takhar writes that "there is no evidence to suggest that there was a following of Guru Ravidas during his lifetime", and she attributes the posthumous recognition of Ravidas as a guru to the efforts of the Ad Dharm.[7] The Ad Dharm movement lost momentum after the first general election in independent India, but deras such as Dera Sach Khand are still popular pilgrimage destinations in Punjab.[6][4]

On 13 December 1970, Dera Ballan hosted a large Dalit conference organized by Mangu Ram Jaspal, namesake of Mangoo Ram, to bring new life to the Ad Dharm movement. During this conference, Mangoo Ram and other leaders of the movement commended the leaders of Dera Ballan for their contributions to the Dalit community.[2]

Temple of Guru Ravidas's Birthplace

The Temple of Guru Ravidas's Birthplace (Shri Guru Ravidas Janam Asthan Mandir) is a major religious site at Seer Goverdhanpur in the city of Varanasi. Millions of devotees gather there for Ravidas's birthday each year. The leaders of Dera Ballan determined that Ravidas had been born in that locale, and one of them, Hari Dass, laid the temple's foundation stone on 14 June 1965. Dera Ballan provided funding for the temple's construction, which was completed in 1994 with the help of people from India and other countries.[2] Kanshi Ram, founder of the Bahujan Samaj Party, ceremoniously installed the temple's golden dome, and he laid the foundation stone of the monumental gate leading to the temple on 25 May 1997. On 16 July 1998, this gate was inaugurated by K. R. Narayanan, who was President of India at the time.[2][8]

Declaration of a new religion

Originally, the Guru Granth Sahib was recited in Ravidassia temples, but Dera Sach Khand ended this tradition after six Sikh militants[1] killed one of their leaders, Ramanand Dass, in 2009. Dera Sach Khand began to only read the 41 works by Ravidas that are included in the Granth. In January 2010, the Dera formally proclaimed their religion as Ravidassia Dharm at Seer Goverdhanpur in Varanasi, the birthplace of Ravidas. They also introduced their new religious text, Amritbani Guru Ravidas, which contains 240 hymns attributed to Ravidas, including the ones found in the Granth.[3][9] A Dera based in Chak Hakim village near Phagwara alleged that most of the additional hymns were actually written by Hira Dass in 1908, a claim Dera Ballan denied.[10]

Leaders and successors

Pipal Dass (Gaddi Nashin from early 1900s to 1928)

Pipal Dass founded Dera Sach Khand and was the first gaddi nashin (head) of the Dera. Pipal Dass hailed from the village Gill Patti, District Bathinda (Punjab). His original name was Harnam Dass.[3] According to RavidassGuru.com, his parents were religious, and he was married to Shobhawanti, with whom he had two sons, named Sewa Dass and Sarwan Dass.[11] Shobhawanti died when Sarwan Dass (15 February 1895 – 11 June 1972) was five years old. Pipal Dass and Sarwan Dass left Gill Patti and eventually arrived at the village of Ballan near Jalandhar.[2][4] There was a dry pipal tree nearby, and Pipal Dass started watering this tree, which ultimately became green again. Seeing this as an auspicious sign, Pipal Dass persuaded the people of the village to donate the land at that location.[4] Thus, in the first years of the twentieth century,[2] Pipal Dass established the Dera there, and it became a central pilgrimage destination for followers of Ravidas in Punjab.[4] Pipal Dass died in 1928.[2]

Sarwan Dass (Gaddi Nashin from 1928 to 1972)

Sarwan Dass was born on 15 February 1895 and received his early education from his father, Pipal Dass. Sarwan Dass spread the teachings of Ravidas among the socially disadvantaged throughout his life, and this effort became one of the primary aims of Dera Ballan under his leadership. He laid the foundation stones of multiple Ravidas deras and sponsored the expansion of several institutions of education in India. Aside from spreading his guru's teachings, Sarwan Dass's main concern was the advancement of public education and healthcare. This goal also became an important part of Dera Ballan's mission, and it helped fuel the dera's popularity. Sarwan Dass founded a medical center at the Dera for those who could not afford treatment elsewhere, and multiple hospitals have been named after him. He died on 11 June 1972.[2]

Hari Dass (Gaddi Nashin from 1972 to 1982)

Hari Dass

Hari Dass was Gaddi Nashin of Dera Ballan from June 1972 to February 1982.[2] According to RavidassGuru.com, he was born in 1885 in the village Garha near Jalandhar, and he died on 6 February 1982.[11]

Garib Dass (Gaddi Nashin from 1982 to 1994)

Garib Dass was Gaddi Nashin from 7 February 1982 to 23 July 1994. After becoming Gaddi Nashin, he founded the Sarwan Dass Charitable Hospital on the Hoshiarpur road in Adda Kathar, Jalandhar district, India in 1982.[2] Though it started as a small dispensary, it became a full-fledged hospital in February 1992 with the help of donors from the United Kingdom, and it has become a major healthcare provider in the region.[1] Garib Dass also founded the Dera's weekly newspaper, Begumpura Shaher, on 15 August 1991. The newspaper is written in English, Hindi, and Punjabi.[2]

According to RavidassGuru.com, Garib Dass was born in 1925 in Jalbhe village, Jalandhar district, and he died on 23 July 1994.[11]

Niranjan Dass (Gaddi Nashin since 1994)

Niranjan Dass was born on 6 January 1942 at Ramdass Pur village in the Jalandhar district, according to RavidassGuru.com.[11] He became Gaddi Nashin on 23 July 1994. While under his leadership, Dera Ballan founded the Sarwan Dass Model School at Hadiabad (Phagwara), and the school began admitting students for a nominal fee in April 2004. He also laid the foundation stone of the Sarwan Dass Charitable Eye Hospital at Ballan, on 10 November 2004.[2][1] It opened on 15 February 2007.[1]

Niranjan Dass traveled extensively with the late Ramanand Dass to visit followers outside of India, and he laid the foundation stones of many Ravidas deras abroad.[5] On 24 May 2009, during a religious ceremony at a Ravidas temple in Vienna, Austria, Niranjan Dass and Ramanand Dass were the targets of an attack by six Sikh militants. Niranjan Dass was injured, but he survived.[12][1] He announced the formation of Dera Ballan's new religion, Ravidas Dharm, on 29 January 2010.[1]

Ramanand Dass (preacher since 1973, martyred in 2009)

Ramanand Dass was born on 2 February 1952 and resided at Dera Ballan from 1973 onwards, according to RavidassGuru.com.[11] Ramanand Dass was the chief editor of Dera Ballan's weekly newspaper, Begumpura Shaher, and he received the 20th National Dalit Literary Award from the Indian Dalit Literary Academy in 2004.[2] He was second in command to Dera Ballan's current leader, Niranjan Dass,[1] with whom he traveled abroad.[5] On 24 May 2009, Ramanand Dass and fifteen others were injured in an attack by six Sikh militants at a temple in Vienna, Austria. He was hospitalized, but he died of his injuries early the next day.[12]

Vienna attack

On 24 May 2009, six men used knives and a pistol to attack a Ravidas temple in Vienna, Austria while a religious ceremony was taking place.[12] Sixteen people were injured, including the head of Dera Sach Khand and his second in command, Ramanand Dass, who died of his injuries early the next day. The attackers were considered to be Sikh fundamentalists motivated by a belief that the Dera's leaders disrespected the Sikh holy book, Guru Granth Sahib.[12][1] News of the attack on the temple triggered riots in Punjab, India, where three people died in clashes with law enforcement and security forces.[13][14]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Singh, Gurharpal (2012). "Religious Transnationalism and Development Initiatives: The Dera Sachkhand Ballan". Economic and Political Weekly. 47 (1): 53–59. ISSN 0012-9976. JSTOR 23065577.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Ram, Ronki (2008). "Ravidass Deras and Social Protest: Making Sense of Dalit Consciousness in Punjab (India)". The Journal of Asian Studies. 67 (4): 1341–1364. doi:10.1017/S0021911808001800. ISSN 0021-9118. JSTOR 20203488.
  3. 1 2 3 "From Sikh Ambit to Separate Ravidassia Dharam". Hindustan Times. 15 March 2016.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Juergensmeyer, Mark (1982). Religion as Social Vision: the Movement against Untouchability in 20th century Punjab. Internet Archive. Berkeley, CA : University of California Press. pp. 83–85. ISBN 978-0-520-04301-5.
  5. 1 2 3 Ram, Ronki (2009). "Ravidass, Dera Sachkhand Ballan and the question of Dalit identity in Punjab" (PDF). Journal of Punjab Studies. 16 (1): 12–15, 27.
  6. 1 2 Ram, Ronki (31 May 2009). "Dera Sachkhand Ballan: Repository of Dalit Consciousness". Deccan Herald. Archived from the original on 1 December 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  7. ↑ Takhar, Opinderjit Kaur (2016). Sikh Identity: An Exploration of Groups Among Sikhs. Routledge. p. 89. ISBN 9781351900102.
  8. ↑ "Deciphering dera politics | Dera Sachkhand Ballan". The Times of India. 24 November 2011. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  9. ↑ Singh, IP (1 February 2010). "Punjab sect declares new religion". The Times of India. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
  10. ↑ "Dera Ballan accused of plagiarism in preparing holy book 'Amritbani' of Guru Ravidass". The Times of India. 1 March 2013. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 "Dera Sachkhand Ballan, Jalandhar, Punjab, India". www.ravidassguru.com. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  12. 1 2 3 4 "Preacher dies after Vienna clash". BBC News. 25 May 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
  13. ↑ Jolly, Asit (26 May 2009). "Heavy security after Punjab riots". BBC News. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  14. ↑ "Punjab riots after Vienna killing". BBC News. 25 May 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
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