Devlet Bahçeli
MP
Bahçeli in 2015
Leader of the Nationalist Movement Party
Assumed office
6 July 1997
Preceded byAlparslan Türkeş
Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey
In office
28 May 1999 – 18 November 2002
Prime MinisterBülent Ecevit
Served withHüsamettin Özkan
Şükrü Sina Gürel
Cumhur Ersümer
Mesut Yılmaz
Preceded byHikmet Uluğbay
Succeeded byAbdüllatif Şener
Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey
Interim
In office
2 June 2023 – 7 June 2023
PresidentRecep Tayyip Erdoğan
Preceded byMustafa Şentop
Succeeded byNuman Kurtulmuş
Member of the Grand National Assembly
Assumed office
22 July 2007
ConstituencyOsmaniye (2007, 2011, June 2015, Nov 2015, 2018, 2023)
In office
19 April 1999 – 18 November 2002
ConstituencyOsmaniye (1999)
Personal details
Born (1948-01-01) 1 January 1948
Bahçe, Osmaniye, Turkey
Political partyNationalist Movement Party
Alma materGazi University
OccupationPolitician
ProfessionEconomist, academic
Signature

Devlet Bahçeli (born 1 January 1948) is a Turkish politician, economist, former deputy prime minister, and current chairman of the far-right,[1] ultranationalist[2] Nationalist Movement Party (MHP).[3]

An academic in economics from Gazi University, Bahçeli is a founder of the Grey Wolves, and was elected as the chairman of the MHP in the first congress held after the death of Alparslan Türkeş in 1997. He entered parliament for the first time in the 1999 general election as a deputy from Osmaniye, taking part as deputy prime minister in DSP-MHP-ANAP coalition between 1999 and 2002, and ultimately brought the government down. He resigned from his position as chairman when his party fell below the 10% electoral threshold in the 2002 general election, but was re-elected chairman in the 2003 congress. Bahçeli and his party have been serving in the Grand National Assembly since regaining their seats in parliament in 2007.[4][5]

Bahçeli was initially a fierce critic of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan throughout the 2000s and 2010s until an interparty crisis occurred following MHP's poor performance in the November 2015 general election. With Bahçeli's newfound closeness to Erdoğan after the crisis, a schism occurred in MHP which culminated in Meral Akşener founding the Good Party in 2017.

Bahçeli formed an electoral alliance with the AKP called the People's Alliance for the 2018 general election and maintained this alliance in the 2019 local elections. MHP currently supports president Erdoğan's cabinet with confidence and supply in the Grand National Assembly. Bahçeli has been described as a kingmaker in Turkish politics.[6][7]

Early life

Devlet Bahçeli was born on 1 January 1948, in the rural district of Bahçe in the province of Osmaniye. According to his own account, Bahçeli belonged to a well established Turkmen family known as "Fettahoğulları",[8][9] and is one of the four children of his family, with two siblings from his father's first marriage.[10] According to Hrant Dink, he also has Armenian ancestry, in spite of his fervently anti-Armenian views.[11]

His father, Salih Bahçeli, was one of the well-known farmers and merchants of Osmaniye. His mother's name was Samiye.[12] Devlet's father grew up in a left-wing family, and was a supporter of İsmet İnönü and the Republican People's Party.[13][14]

Education

He completed his primary education at 7 Ocak Primary School in his hometown of Osmaniye.[15] Devlet attended secondary school with his elder brother Servet, in Adana Private Çukurova College. He lived with his relatives in İstanbul for his high school education and enrolled in Emirgan Akgün College. In his second year of high school, Bahçeli transferred to Private Ata College in Etiler and received his high school diploma from this school. He was accepted into Gazi University in 1967 and graduated from its Foreign Trade Department in 1971. Among his classmates were future political rival Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, who Bahçeli called "my classmate" in numerous occasions[16] and former football referee Erman Toroğlu.[17]

Bahçeli worked as an assistant in the department of economics at Gazi University and affiliated high schools in 1972. During this period he was one of the founders of the Idealist Association of Financiers and Economists, and one of the founders and chairman of the Association of University Academy and Schools Assistants (UMID-BIR). He also founded and was leader of the University Academy and Schools Assistantship Association (ÜNAY). He received his doctorate in economics from Gazi University Institute of Social Sciences and continued lecturing in the department of economic policy at the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences of the same university until 1987. Dr. Bahçeli was also interested in Turkish history, economics, and foreign policy while working for his degree.[18]

Early political career

In his youth, Bahçeli attended Alparslan Türkeş's seminars, chairman of the Republican Villagers Nation Party, the predecessor of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP). While he was still a student at Gazi University in 1967, he worked as the founder and manager of the Grey Wolves. He served as the general secretary of the National Turkish Students' Union between 1970 and 1971.[18]

After the 1980 coup Bahçeli defended executives and members of the MHP and other nationalist organizations who were imprisoned. Bahçeli resigned from his teaching position in 1987, when Türkeş requested his involvement in party politics, and was elected general secretary of the Nationalist Task Party (MÇP) in their 1987 congress. Bahçeli served in several positions in the upper echelons of MÇP and MHP at various times.[19]

Leader of MHP

Result of the 5th extraordinary congress

After the death of Alparslan Türkeş in May 1997 an Extraordinary Congress was held, in which Bahçeli contested Alparslan's son Tuğrul Türkeş for the chairmanship. In the following hours of the congress, all candidates except Türkeş withdrew from the candidacy in favor of Bahçeli. However the congress was postponed due to a fight between the two nationalists and their supporters. At another extraordinary congress held in July, Devlet Bahçeli won the run-off election against Tuğrul Türkeş and was elected the new chairman of MHP.[20][21]

Deputy prime minister

Devlet Bahçeli speaking at Aksaray 25 March 2014

With a new leader, MHP increased its vote share from 8.18% to 17.98% in 1999 election, its highest vote rate in its history and became the second largest party.[22] Devlet Bahçeli served as a deputy prime minister in the subsequent coalition government (DSP-Motherland-MHP) of Bülent Ecevit. Bahçeli announced on 7 July 2002 of his withdrawal of support for the government, calling for new elections to be held on 3 November, and campaigned for fixing Turkey's economy in the lead up to the general election.[23] However MHP was expelled from parliament for not passing the 10% electoral threshold in the 2002 election, polling 8%.[24][25] Bahçeli resigned his chairmanship, announcing "I am the only one responsible for the failure",[26] but was reelected in the party's 2003 congress in a competition between Ramiz Ongun, Koray Aydın, and Aytekin Yıldırım.[27]

Opposition

Bahçeli was again re-elected as MHP chairman in a congress held on 19 November 2006.[28] In the 2007 general election, he and his party reentered parliament, receiving 14.27% of the votes.[29] Bahçeli campaigned in the 2011 general election promising 7% GDP growth and a change in electoral laws.[30] MHP's vote share decreased to 13%.[31] Bahçeli was re-elected as the chairman in party congresses held in 2012 and 2015.[32]

The slogan of the election campaign used by the MHP for the June 2015 general election was "Bizimle yürü Türkiye!" (Walk with us, Turkey!)[33] Among the election promises, Bahçeli called for raising the minimum wage to 1400 TL, that pensioners would be given a bonus of 1400 TL twice a year, and that terrorism would be eradicated.[34] MHP increased their vote more than 3%, bringing it to 16.29%. The election produced a hung parliament, so AKP, CHP, MHP, and HDP engaged in coalition talks. Bahçeli ruled out governing with CHP, and declared that MHP was ready to become the main opposition party.[35] With no government agreed to President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan called another election. When campaigning for the election held on 1 November 2015 Bahçeli promised a 250 lira rent aid would be given to families without a home, and a crescent card would be given to families in need.[36][37] MHP's position faltered and it received less than 12% of the votes.

MHP congress controversy (2015–2017)

Bahçeli announcing his party's manifesto for 2018 general election

Following MHP's defeat in the 2015 election, high ranking MHP members demanded Bahçeli's resignation as chairman. When he refused, 547 delegates put forward their demands to convene an extraordinary congress.[38] Important names such as Meral Akşener, Sinan Oğan, and Koray Aydın called for a congress and announced that they were candidates for the chairmanship, however Bahçeli rejected the calls for an extraordinary congress and announced 18 March 2018 as the date of a regular congress.[39] A lawsuit was filed by Bahçeli's opposition on the grounds that their demands were not met and that the party be taken to an extraordinary congress.[40] The party leadership requested the Constitutional Court to make a decision.[39] The court ruled in favor of Bahçeli's opponents, mandating MHP to convene an extraordinary congress with the Supreme Court unanimously approving the decision.[41] The 6th Extraordinary Grand Congress of the MHP convened on 19 June 2016 with the participation of six candidates who declared their candidacy against Bahçeli. In the congress, which was officially a bylaws convention, it was confirmed that a number of amendments to the party's charter had been decided on, even though the headquarters claimed otherwise. With the amendment proposals accepted in the congress, 13 articles in the party bylaws were renewed. Among the amendments, an article in MHP's charter which prevented the election of chairmen in extraordinary congresses was changed to allow so.[42] However the execution of the decisions reached in the convention was stopped with the decision of the Court of Cassation.[43] Following this decision of the Supreme Court of Appeals, Akşener filed a complaint with the Supreme Election Council (YSK) for 'complete unlawfulness' regarding the rejection of the request for an extraordinary congress with elections.[44]

Names such as Meral Akşener, Yusuf Halaçoğlu and Ümit Özdağ were soon expelled from MHP with the decision of the MHP Disciplinary Committee.[45][46][47] On October 25, 2017 Good Party was founded by the MHP expellees under the leadership of Akşener.[48]

People's Alliance

Bahçeli supported President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in the 2017 constitutional amendment referendum.

Devlet Bahçeli in Mersin campaigning in support of MHP mayoral candidate Hamit Tuna

In 2018, an electoral alliance between the AKP and MHP called the People's Alliance was established in preparation for that years general election. A law was then passed enabling political parties to form alliances in elections. Bahçeli stated that he was not running for president and that MHP would support Erdoğan's candidacy.[49] Erdoğan was reelected president, and MHP received 11% of the votes and 49 deputies entered the parliament.[50] Bahçeli congratulated Erdoğan for the victory and declared that the MHP had achieved a historical success.[51] MHP has since been giving confidence and supply to an AKP minority government.

Bahçeli with Voice of America reporter Yıldız Yazıcıoğlu

In the 2019 local elections, MHP again entered the elections under the umbrella of the People's Alliance. MHP did not nominate candidates for the İstanbul, Ankara and İzmir mayoralties and supported the candidates nominated by the AKP. Erdoğan stated that he saw this move of the MHP as a 'gesture' and that they will respond. The AKP did not nominate a candidate for mayor in Adana, Mersin, Manisa, Kırklareli and Osmaniye.[52] MHP won the mayorships of Amasya, Kastamonu, Kütahya, Çankırı, Erzincan, Bayburt, Bartın and Karabük provinces. Bahçeli has been re-elected as MHP chairman in the congresses held in 2018 and 2021.[53]

On 2 June 2023, due to being the oldest member, Bahçeli became the temporary speaker of the 28th Grand National Assembly.[54]

Speeches

Bahçeli's certain speeches and certain gaffes are close to Bushisms and Chernomyrdinka. On one occasion, a speech he made during the 2009 local elections campaign, which coincided with the 40th anniversary of the MHP, became a meme:

When writing 2009, there are two zeros. The zero next to 9 is on the left, you erase it. Is there a 9 left? There is a zero next to 2. You erase it, too. Is there a 2 left? Add them together. What will it make? It makes 11. You erase both of two zeroes in 2009, what is there left? 29 is left. Add 11 and 29! It makes 40, and the 40th anniversary of the Nationalist Movement Party![55]

Political positions

Bahçeli accused Russia of murdering Turkish soldiers, who were shot in an accident by Russian fighter planes in 2017. He said; "Russia shoots our soldiers, then disgusts them. This is a mistaken, shameful, international law said to count".[56] In March 2022, after the Russian invasion of Ukraine, he urged Russia to "stop the invasion immediately", adding that "the attempt to take Donbas away from Ukraine is separatism".[57]

He is critical of the pro-Kurdish Peoples Democratic Party (HDP), which he demands to be banned.[58] When the Constitutional Court turned down an indictment for the banning of the party, he demanded the closure of the court.[58]

Controversies

In 2015 a Uyghur-staffed, Turkish-owned Chinese restaurant was assaulted by Turkish nationalists; they also attacked the Dutch consulate, mistaking it for the Russian consulate,[59][60] and assaulted several South Korean tourists, believing them to be Chinese. Devlet Bahçeli said that the attacks by MHP affiliated Turkish youth on South Korean tourists was "understandable", telling the Turkish news paper Hürriyet that: "What is the difference between a Korean and a Chinese anyway? They both have slitty eyes. Does it make any difference?"[61][62]

After an amassing of Greek and Turkish troops at the border amid rising tensions between the two countries, Bahçeli accused Greek defense minister Panos Kammenos of being mentally ill, proclaiming that he should "visit a clinic" among other insults.[63]

Following the recognition of the Armenian Genocide by the German Parliament, Bahçeli has stated that the deportations of Armenians were "absolutely correct" and should be repeated if a similar event occurs.[64] He has also glorified the Three Pashas, perpetrators of the Armenian Genocide, on numerous occasions. After Joe Biden became the first US President to officially acknowledge the Armenian genocide on April 24, 2021, Bahçeli threatened Armenians living in Turkey, Turkish leftists, and Turkish citizens who recognized the genocide, with death, stating "When you look at us, we will make sure that you will see Talaat, Enver Pasha, and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk."[65] He also denied that there were any genocides or massacres in Turkey's history.[66]

He has close ties to mafia boss Alaettin Çakıcı who he visited in prison,[67] and for who he demanded a general amnesty. The demand was denied by Erdoğan.[68]

Personal life

Bahçeli is unmarried.[69] He supported the football team Beşiktaş[70] until 2023, but canceled his membership in the club after fans demanded the government to resign over its deficient response to the earthquake on the February 2023 during its match against Konyaspor.[71]

Works

  • 2011 Seçim Beyannamesi
  • Türkiye Gündemi ve Genelgeler
  • Gizli Gündemler "Demokrasi, Özgürlük, Anayasa"
  • Millet ve Devlet Bekası İçin Güç Birliği
  • Referanduma Doğru İstanbul'da Bayramlaşma
  • Ülkü ve Şuur
  • Bölücü Terörün Siyasallaşma Süreci (Yıkım Projesi)
  • Bin Yıllık Kardeşliği "Yaşa ve Yaşat" Mitingi
  • "Var Ol Türkiye" MHP 9. Olağan Büyük Kurultayı
  • Çözülen Ülke Türkiye ve Tavrımız
  • Çözülen Ülke Türkiye ve Ülkümüz
  • MHP 40. Yıl - Bir Hilal Uğruna
  • Ortak Akılda Buluşma
  • Siyasi Hayat ve Normalleşme Süreci
  • Yönetilmeyen Türkiye "Kutuplaşma, Kargaşa ve Kaos"
  • Teslimiyet ve Açılım Siyaseti "Demokrasi, Ekonomi, Güvenlik"
  • Terör Kıskacında Türkiye: Tarihi Uyarı

References

  1. ↑ Uras, Umut (29 March 2019). "New test for Erdogan: What's at stake in Turkish local elections?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  2. ↑ Arman, Murat Necip (2007). "The Sources Of Banality In Transforming Turkish Nationalism". CEU Political Science Journal (2): 133–151.
  3. ↑ "AK Party ratchets up rhetoric on bilingual and autonomy debate". Today's Zaman. 24 December 2010. Archived from the original on 25 December 2010. Retrieved 25 December 2010.
  4. ↑ "Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi 24. Dönem Milletvekili (Devlet Bahçeli/Osmaniye)" (in Turkish). Grand National Assembly of Turkey. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
  5. ↑ "24. Dönem Milletvekilleri Listesi (Osmaniye)" (in Turkish). Grand National Assembly of Turkey. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
  6. ↑ "Kingmaker brings ultra-nationalism to Erdogan's Islamist mix". Financial Times. 29 June 2018.
  7. ↑ "Is Turkey's opposition ready for snap elections?". Hürriyet Daily News. 18 April 2020.
  8. ↑ "Devlet Bahçeli Kimdir? - Devlet Bahçeli Hayatı ve Biyografisi". Haberler (in Turkish). Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  9. ↑ "Abdurrahman Dilipak: Devlet Bahçeli benim neyim olur?". GazeteDuvar. 2 October 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  10. ↑ "Devlet Bahçeli'ye "evlilik" sorusu". Objectif Haber. 5 February 2011. Archived from the original on 7 February 2011.
  11. ↑ Göçek, Fatma Müge (2015). Denial of Violence: Ottoman Past, Turkish Present and Collective Violence Against the Armenians, 1789-2009. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-933420-9.
  12. ↑ "Türki̇ye Büyük Mi̇llet Mecli̇si̇". Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi. Archived from the original on 4 June 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  13. ↑ "Bahçeli'nin babası hangi partiliydi". OdaTV. 14 July 2015. Archived from the original on 30 May 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  14. ↑ "Portre: Devlet Bahçeli". Al Jazeera. 17 April 2017. Archived from the original on 27 October 2014.
  15. ↑ Turkey country report 2015. Washington DC: Rethink Institute. 31 December 2014. ISBN 978-1-938300-24-0. OCLC 925377023.
  16. ↑ "Bahçeli'nin 'altılı masa'daki cumhurbaşkanı adayı 'sınıf arkadaşı' - Diken". www.diken.com.tr (in Turkish). 5 December 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  17. ↑ "Erman Toroğlu'nun Bahçeli ve Kılıçdaroğlu anısı gündem oldu". T24 (in Turkish). Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  18. 1 2 "Özgeçmiş". Devlet Bahçeli. Archived from the original on 29 June 2016.
  19. ↑ "Devlet Bahçeli Biyografisi". Biyografi. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016.
  20. ↑ "1997'deki kongreyi Türkeş kazandı ama…". Akit. 28 August 2015. Archived from the original on 21 August 2016.
  21. ↑ "MHP Kurultay Tarihi". Milliyet Blog. 2 November 2012. Archived from the original on 22 December 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  22. ↑ "Genel Seçim 1999". Haber Turk. Archived from the original on 29 June 2016.
  23. ↑ "Genel Başkanımız Dr. Devlet Bahçeli'nin 3 Kasım Seçimleri, Seçim Beyannamesi Tanıtım Toplantısında Yapmış Oldukları Konuşma 29 Eylül 2002". MHP. 29 September 2002. Archived from the original on 16 July 2017.
  24. ↑ Saydamer, Kemal (4 November 2002). "Baraj altında kalan partilerde deprem". Hürriyet. Archived from the original on 22 July 2016.
  25. ↑ "Genel Seçim 2002". Haber Turk. Archived from the original on 23 June 2016.
  26. ↑ "Tarih 3 Kasım 2002: Bahçeli böyle istifa etmişti". Yeni Şafak. 12 August 2014. Archived from the original on 10 August 2016.
  27. ↑ "MHP'de Bahçeli yeniden Genel Başkan". Hürriyet. 12 October 2003. Archived from the original on 6 August 2016.
  28. ↑ "Bahçeli yeniden genel başkan". Hürriyet. 19 November 2006. Archived from the original on 2 August 2016.
  29. ↑ "Genel Seçim 2007". Haber Turk. Archived from the original on 3 July 2016.
  30. ↑ "İşte MHP'nin seçim vaatleri!". Haber Turk. 28 January 2011. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016.
  31. ↑ "HTSeçim 2011". Haber Turk. Archived from the original on 28 May 2015.
  32. ↑ "Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi Genel Başkanı Devlet Bahçeli Hayatı". MHP. Archived from the original on 22 June 2016.
  33. ↑ "MHP'nin yeni seçim sloganı sosyal medyayı salladı". Yeni Meram. 10 April 2015. Archived from the original on 20 August 2016.
  34. ↑ "İşte MHP'nin vaatleri". Milliyet. 5 March 2015. Archived from the original on 11 October 2016.
  35. ↑ Sayarı, Sabri (18 April 2016). "Back to a Predominant Party System: The November 2015 Snap Election in Turkey". South European Society and Politics. 21 (2): 263–280. doi:10.1080/13608746.2016.1170254. S2CID 156329688.
  36. ↑ "MHP, 1 Kasım'da 'Sen bilirsin Türkiye' diyecek". İnsan Haber. 3 October 2015. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  37. ↑ "MHP'nin Yeni Seçim Sloganı Sosyal Medyayı Salladı". Asri Haber. Archived from the original on 13 August 2016.
  38. ↑ Çelenk, Hakan. "Sekiz soruda MHP krizi". Posta. Archived from the original on 6 August 2016.
  39. 1 2 Rengin, Arslan (1 March 2016). "MHP'de kurultay tartışmaları: Ne oluyor?". BBC Türkçe. Archived from the original on 28 August 2016.
  40. ↑ Yılmaz, Önder (2 February 2016). "Muhalifler bu cuma davayı açıyor". Milliyet. Archived from the original on 11 October 2016.
  41. ↑ "Yargıtay kararı verdi: MHP kongreye gidiyor". Cumhuriyet. 24 May 2016. Archived from the original on 4 July 2016.
  42. ↑ Köylü, Hilal (20 July 2016). "MHP'de neler oluyor?". DW. Archived from the original on 23 June 2016.
  43. ↑ "MHP kongresine durdurma kararı!". Yeniçağ. 24 June 2016. Archived from the original on 27 June 2016.
  44. ↑ "Meral Akşener YSK'ya başvurdu". En Son Haber. 28 June 2016. Archived from the original on 29 June 2016.
  45. ↑ "Meral Akşener MHP'den ihraç edildi". NTV. 8 September 2016. Archived from the original on 9 September 2016.
  46. ↑ "MHP'den ihraç edilen Yusuf Halaçoğlu'ndan yeni parti açıklaması". CNN Turk. 4 July 2017. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017.
  47. ↑ "Ümit Özdağ MHP'den ihraç edildi". DW. 15 November 2016. Archived from the original on 16 November 2016.
  48. ↑ "İYİ Parti kuruldu! Meral Akşener'in İYİ Parti'nin açılımı ne? İYİ ne demek işte Kayı Boyu bağlantısı detayı…". Sözcü. 25 October 2017. Archived from the original on 25 October 2017.
  49. ↑ "Bahçeli açıkladı: MHP aday çıkarmayacak, Erdoğan'ı destekleyecek". Sözcü. 8 February 2018. Archived from the original on 12 January 2018.
  50. ↑ "24 Haziran 2018 Genel Seçim Sonuçları". Haber Turk. Archived from the original on 24 June 2018.
  51. ↑ "24 Haziran seçimlerine damga vuran parti: MHP". BBC Türkçe. 25 June 2018. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021.
  52. ↑ "İşte AKP'nin MHP'ye 'jest' yaptığı iller". Sözcü. 1 December 2018. Archived from the original on 2 December 2018.
  53. ↑ "MHP lideri Bahçeli yeniden genel başkan seçildi". TRT Haber. 18 March 2018. Archived from the original on 18 March 2021.
  54. ↑ "Devlet Bahçeli geçici Meclis Başkanı". Duvar (in Turkish). 2 June 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
  55. ↑ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Devlet Bahçeli 40 Yapar!". YouTube.
  56. ↑ Emin Avundukluoglu; Hatice Kesgin (12 February 2017). "MHP leader slams Russia over bombing of Turkish troops". Konya: Anadolu Agency.
  57. ↑ "Turkey's nationalist party leader urges Russia to 'stop the invasion immediately'". 3 March 2022.
  58. 1 2 "Turkish nationalist party leader demands closure of Constitutional Court for returning HDP indictment". Gazete Duvar. 31 March 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  59. ↑ "Demonstrators throw eggs at Dutch consulate in protest against Russia". Today's Zaman. Istanbul. 21 November 2015.
  60. ↑ "Demonstrators throw eggs at Dutch consulate in protest against Russia news". www.newsunited.com. Archived from the original on 24 August 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
  61. ↑ AFP/ec (9 July 2015). "Outrage after Turkish politician excuses attack on 'slitty-eyed' tourists". Channel NewsAsia. ISTANBUL. Archived from the original on 22 October 2015.
  62. ↑ Agence France Presse (8 July 2015). "Outrage after Turkish politician excuses attack on 'slitty-eyed' tourists". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 12 July 2017. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
  63. ↑ Kokkinidis, Tasos (10 April 2018), Erdogan's Far-Right Ally Says Greek Minister Should 'Visit a Clinic', Greek Reporter, retrieved 10 April 2018
  64. ↑ "Forcefully deporting Armenians in 1915 was right decision: MHP leader". Hurriyet Daily News. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  65. ↑ GMBH, Artı Gerçek-ARTI MEDIA (27 April 2021). "'Bahçeli: Biden'ın yazılı açıklaması diyalog köprülerini dinamitlemiştir". Arti Gerçek (in Turkish). Retrieved 27 April 2021.
  66. ↑ "'There are no genocides, massacres in history of Turkish nation'". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  67. ↑ "MHP leader defends his visit to notorious mafia leader - Turkey News". Hürriyet Daily News. 24 May 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  68. ↑ "Pro far-right MHP mob boss receives right to unlimited visitors in prison". Ahval. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  69. ↑ "Devlet Bahçeli neden hiç evlenmedi?". Memleket. 9 February 2015. Archived from the original on 16 April 2016.
  70. ↑ "Ünlü siyasetçiler hangi takımları tutuyor". Hürriyet. 17 April 2018. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021.
  71. ↑ "Football clubs, MPs announce support for government after fans' earthquake protests". Bianet. 27 February 2023.
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