Masthead of a special edition of Die Neue Zeitung, Berlin Edition, 24 June 1948.
Masthead of a special edition of Die Neue Zeitung, Berlin Edition, 24 June 1948. The headline reads, "How Berlin Got the German Mark". Exchange of the old reichsmark for the new German mark in June 1948 was a vital step in the reform of Germany's postwar economy and set off the Soviet blockade of Berlin and the subsequent Berlin Airlift.

Die Neue Zeitung ("The New Times", abbreviated NZ) was a newspaper published in the American Occupation Zone of Germany after the Second World War.[1] It was comparable to the daily newspaper Die Welt in the British Occupation Zone and was considered the most important newspaper in post-war Germany.

History

Die Neue Zeitung was first published on 17 October 1945 in Munich[2] and continued publication until 30 January 1955. The paper was initially published twice weekly, later increasing to six times a week.

Die Neue Zeitung as an American-controlled media outlet

The Information Control Division of the American Occupation Authority acted as publisher of the newspaper. Although the Division allowed German editors and journalists to write, it never gave up ultimate editorial control of the publication. This was made clear in the newspaper's title bar: "Die Neue Zeitung – An American newspaper for the German people."[2]

Die Neue Zeitung was considered a means of political re-education for the German population by its American publishers. It was a high quality publication, but after 1949 could not keep up with competition amid the rapid re-growth of the newspaper industry in Germany.

Berlin edition

Starting in early 1947, the American Sector of Berlin had its own separate edition of the NZ. This Berlin edition made sense because in Berlin, the former German capital, the Allied Control Council had strong influence and the interests of the Soviet Union and United States were increasingly at odds. Publication of the NZ in Berlin was seen as necessary to prevent the Sovietization of the Germans there. The NZ in Berlin operated autonomously under the editorship of Marcel Fodor.

The feature section of the Berlin NZ – the so-called Feuilleton, covering literature, art, and culture – was under the direction of Friedrich Luft, long known for his theater reviews in the RIAS ("Rundfunk im amerikanischen Sektor", the radio and TV broadcasting service in the American Sector of Berlin). Hans Schwab-Felisch was another prominent contributor to the Berlin edition's Feuilleton. Schwab-Felisch later worked at the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung and became editor of Merkur, Germany's leading intellectual review. Other contributors to the Feuilleton included freelancers Will Grohmann (fine arts) and Hans Heinz Stuckenschmidt (music).

Later developments and end of publication

Starting in June 1949 a Frankfurt edition of Die Neue Zeitung was established. In 1951, the Munich and Frankfurt editions were merged into a single Frankfurt edition. After September 1953, the Neue Zeitung appeared only in Berlin. In March 1955, the paper ceased operations entirely.

Contributors

The following are some of the contributors to Die Neue Zeitung.

The author Erich Kästner was senior editor of the feature section (Feuilleton). Robert Lembke, later a television personality, directed the section on domestic politics.

Other prominent contributors include:

The political cartoonist was Paul Flora.

Sources

  • Jessica C. E. Gienow-Hecht: Art is democracy and democracy is art: Culture, propaganda, and the Neue Zeitung in Germany. In: Diplomatic History (1999) 23#1, S. 21–43.
  • Jessica C. E. Gienow-Hecht. American Journalism as Cultural Diplomacy in Postwar Germany, 1945–1955. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1999.
  • Wilfried F. Schoeller (editor): Diese merkwürdige Zeit. Leben nach der Stunde Null. Ein Textbuch aus der „Neuen Zeitung“. (This remarkable time: Life after the Zero Hour. A textbook from the Neue Zeitung.) Frankfurt am Main: Büchergilde Gutenberg, 2005. ISBN 3-7632-5555-9.
  • Irmtraud Ubbens: Amerikanisches Leben als Erfahrung und Erlebnis. Moritz Goldstein schreibt von 1950–1954 für die „Neue Zeitung“. (American Life as Lived Experience: Mortiz Goldstein writes for the Neue Zeitung from 1950–54.) In: Jahrbuch für Kommunikationsgeschichte, Bd. 14. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner 2012, ISSN 1438-4485, S. 152–185.
  • Jürgen Wilke (editor): Mediengeschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (History of the Media in the Federal Republic of Germany), Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung Schriftenreihe, Band 361, Bonn 1999.

References

  1. ↑ J. E. W; H. G. L. (August 1948). "The Breakdown of Four-Power Rule in Berlin". The World Today. 4 (8): 327. JSTOR 40392143.
  2. 1 2 Kurt Koszyk. Presse unter alliierter Besetzung. pp. 31–58 in Wilke: Mediengeschichte, p. 38. Abdruck der Titelseite der Erstausgabe.
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