Donax trunculus
Donax trunculus, left valve
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Bivalvia
Order: Cardiida
Family: Donacidae
Genus: Donax
Species:
D. trunculus
Binomial name
Donax trunculus

The truncate donax,[1] abrupt wedge shell, wedge clam or coquina clam[2] (Donax trunculus), is a bivalve species in the family Donacidae.

Wedge clam on the beach

It is native to the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of western Europe,[1] as well as the Red sea,[3] where it is consumed as a food. The wedge clam prefers to live at depths of 0-2m and in clean, fine, and well sorted sand.[3] These clams are efficient and rapid burrowers, and their survival relies heavily on the composition of the sand they burrow in.[3] Their burrowing times vary based on the coarseness of the sand, which reflects their prevalence in these fine-sanded environments.[4] The wedge clam is a popular food item for human consumption, but can carry heavy metals and hydrocarbon contaminations.[5] As they are commonly consumed raw or lightly cooked, these contaminants are commonly present at the time of consumption.[5] Despite this, the wedge clam is an efficient bioindicator of heavy metals and hydrocarbon contaminants in their environment.[5]

With this species, as with many in its family Donacidae, it's easy to mistake the orientation of the valves, that is, to locate wrong the anterior and posterior ends of the animal and thus to mistake the right valve for the left one and viceversa (if there's no soft body left to give a reference), because the wedge clam's valves have some distinct features which are the opposite to what we see in the majority of the bivalves and can lead to confussion if we try to orientate the valves using these: first, Donax's umbo points backwards, towards the posterior end (instead of pointing forward, which is the common thing to happen in other bivalve families such as Veneridae); second, the anterior half of the valve (if you divide the valve in two by tracing a transverse axis from the umbo's point) is bigger, broader, more elongate, extends further away, while the posterior half is much shorter and reduced, which is exactly the opposite to the norm. However, if we ignore these unusual features, the valve can be readily oriented if we are able to make out the impression of the pallial sinus on the internal face of the valve: the pallial sinus, which is quite deep and prominent in this species, always opens towards the posterior end of the animal, with no exception.

Names in other languages

It is locally known as flion, flion tronqué, olive de mer, haricot de mer or telline (among other names) in French,[6][2][7] lagagnon in the area of Arcaishon and Les Landes,[7] cadelucha in the Bayonne region,[8] which coincides with the Basque name of kadeluxa; tellin, tellina, telline, tenille or truille[8] in the Occitan-speaking area of the Mediterranean, tellina or arsella in Italian, tellerina, tellina or escopinya francesa in Catalan (the latter variant used on Menorca),[9][2][10][11][12][13][14] jòcula cautxa in Catalan of the Alguerès variant,[15] coquina truncada or coquina in Spanish,[6][16][17][13]cadelucha, coquina or navalliña in Galician, conquilha or cadelinha in Portuguese and Um El-Kholol in Egyptian Arabic, etc. In Australia, a very similar shellfish is locally known as "Pippies".

References

  1. 1 2 "Donax trunculus" at the Encyclopedia of Life, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian, USA. [Consulted 27-09-2021].
  2. 1 2 3 "Donax trunculus", TermCat. [Consulted 27-09-2021].
  3. 1 2 3 "Donax trunculus, Truncate Donax". www.sealifebase.ca. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  4. ↑ Gosling, EM (2015). Marine bivalve molluscs. John Wiley and Sons.
  5. 1 2 3 Heiba, Fadia; Nassef, Mohamed; Mona, Mahy; El−Rasheedy, Israa. "The Depuration Effect on Heavy Metals and Total Hydrocarbons Contamination Levels in Donax trunculus and Its Influence on The Expression of Oxidative Stress-Related Genes: تأثيره على (Donax trunculus) تأثير التنقية على التلوث بالمعادن الثقيلة والهيدروكربونات الكلية في أم الخلول تعبيرات الجينات المرتبطة بالإجهاد التأكسدي". Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. B, Zoology. 13: Winter/Spring 2021 (1): 77–89. doi:10.21608/EAJBSZ.2021.153758. S2CID 233293667.
  6. 1 2 "Donax trunculus", SeaLifeBase. [Consulted 27-09-2021].
  7. 1 2 "Donax trunculus - Flion tronqué" (in French), DORIS (Données d'Observations pour la Reconnaissance et l'Identification de la faune et la flore Subaquatiques). [Consulted 27-09-2021].
  8. 1 2 "Animals sedentaris, noms viatgers", Llengua ligur i altres llengües del nord d'Itàlia, 13 June 2012, with an excerpt from Trésor de la Langue Française, which in turn cites Les algues et invertébrés marins despêches françaises (1992).
  9. ↑ Lloris, Domènec and Messeguer, Sergi: Recursos Marins del Mediterrani. Fauna i Flora del Mar Català (in Catalan), Generalitat de Catalunya, Departament d'Agricultura, Ramaderia i Pesca, 2000, 2a edició 2002, p. 180.
  10. ↑ "Tellerina" in Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana. [Consulted 27-09-2021].
  11. ↑ "Tellerina" in Diccionari normatiu valencià. [Consulted 27-09-2021].
  12. ↑ "Donax trunculus" (in Catalan), Museu de la Pesca, Palamós. [Consulted 27-09-2021].
  13. 1 2 "Els noms dels peixos i mariscs" (in Catalan), Universitat de les Illes Balears. [Consulted 27-09-2021].
  14. ↑ "Productes marins rars de la Costa Brava" (in Catalan), Jaume Fàbrega, Revista de Girona, No. 183, July–August 1997, p. 31.
  15. ↑ Corbera Pou, Jaume: "Jòcula cauxta (plana, llisa i petita)" in Caracterització del lèxic alguerès. Contribució al coneixement del lèxic alguerès modern, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2000, 325 pages, p. 92.
  16. ↑ "Donax trunculus" (in Spanish), ICTIOTERM database Andalucía. [Consulted 27-09-2021].
  17. ↑ "Donax trunculus" (in Spanish), Asturnatura. [Consulted 27-09-2021].

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