Dorset Island
Dorset Island's Kinngait Hill and the hamlet of Cape Dorset, 1997
Dorset Island is located in Nunavut
Dorset Island
Dorset Island
Dorset Island is located in Canada
Dorset Island
Dorset Island
Geography
LocationHudson Strait
Coordinates64°12′N 76°32′W / 64.200°N 76.533°W / 64.200; -76.533 (Dorset Island)[1]
ArchipelagoArctic Archipelago
Area143.48 km2 (55.40 sq mi)
Highest elevation208 m (682 ft)
Highest pointKingnait Hill
Administration
Canada
TerritoryNunavut
RegionQikiqtaaluk
Largest settlementKinngait (pop. 1,396)
Demographics
Population1,396 (2021[2])
Ethnic groupsInuit

Dorset Island[3] or Cape Dorset Island is one of the Canadian Arctic islands located in Hudson Strait, Nunavut, Canada. It lies off the Foxe Peninsula area of southwestern Baffin Island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region.[4] It is serviced by an airport and a harbour.[5]

The island was named after the statesman Edward Sackville, 4th Earl of Dorset.[6]

Geography

The island is 6.4 km (4 mi) long and 3.2 km (2 mi) wide, with its highest elevation 220 m (720 ft) above sea level.[7]

On the southern end of Dorset Island, at an elevation of 243 m (797 ft) above sea level, is Cape Dorset (64°10′40″N 76°29′00″W / 64.17778°N 76.48333°W / 64.17778; -76.48333 (Cape Dorset)[1]), which projects into the Hudson Strait. It is part of the Kingnait Range (Kingnait, in Inuktitut, means "high mountains").[4][7] The cape represents the southern tip of the Foxe Peninsula. On September 24, 1631, Captain Luke Foxe named the landform "Cape Dorset" to honour his benefactor, Edward Sackville, 4th Earl of Dorset.[6]

Kingnait Hill, at 208 m (682 ft) high, is located on the island's north-west side. The shorter Eegatuak Hill is located 1.1 km (0.7 mi) north of the cape, on its eastern side, rising 99 m (325 ft) above sea level, and exhibiting a distinctive bowl-shape surmounted by a cairn.[5][7]

Mallik Island (Mallikjuaq Island), directly to the north, is joined to Dorset Island by sand and boulders. A natural harbour exists in the peninsula formed by the southeast side of Mallik Island and the northwest side of Dorset Island with prevailing northwesterly winds at 10 to 15 kn (19 to 28 km/h; 12 to 17 mph) knots, stronger in September and October. The anchorage may have heavy swell conditions and there is frequent fog during the navigation season of early August through mid-October. Ice break-up is around mid-July, and freeze-up occurs in early November. Winter ice thickness can be up to 1.2 m (3 ft 11 in).[7]

There are several other islands within 10 km (6.2 mi), including Ukaliqtuuq and Saqajaa.[5]

History

In 1913, a trading post was established on the island by the Hudson's Bay Company. A Roman Catholic mission was located on Dorset Island during the period of 1938 to 1960.[8]

The first discovery of the remains of Dorset culture was on Dorset Island.[9] An ancient Paleo-Eskimo people, they flourished in this area for about 2,000 years, during the period of 1000 BC through 1100 AD. Present-day Dorset Islanders, Inuit who descend from the later Thule culture, refer to Dorset culture people as Tuniit in their legends.[4]

In 1947, the Nascopie, a Hudson's Bay Company supply ship was wrecked on the island. Some of the ship was salvaged by Inuit for building supplies.[10]

Community

Across from Mallik Island, on the northern side of Dorset Island is located the Inuit hamlet of Kinngait (formerly Cape Dorset). It is the only community on the island and is home to 1,396 people.[2] It is approximately 11.6 km (7.2 mi) north of the mountain cape bearing the same name. Because the people of this community are known for their artisanship, including drawing, printmaking, and carving, the community of Kinngait is commonly referred to as the "Inuit art capital".[11]

Wildlife

The island and its surrounds are frequented by Baffin Island wolves, polar bears, and Arctic fox,[12] as well as caribou and Arctic hare. Seals appear regularly, as do beluga whales during their migration through by the island in October and April.[8]

Peregrine falcons, snowy owls, ptarmigan and ducks abound.[8] Ornithologists consider the island's cape a major entry way to the nesting area of the blue goose. In 1929, it was the departure point for naturalist Dr. J. Dewey Soper in his quest for locate the blue goose's Foxe Basin nest area.[4]

Mallikjuaq Territorial Park spans both Dorset Island and Mallik Island. Notable for its Thule culture, Dorset culture, and Inuit archaeological sites that date back as far as 3,000 years ago, it is reachable by foot from Kinngait at low tide, or by boat.[13]

Climate

The area has a tundra climate (ET) with short but cool summers and long cold winters.

Climate data for Kinngait (Cape Dorset Airport)
WMO ID: 71910; coordinates 64°13′09″N 76°31′30″W / 64.21917°N 76.52500°W / 64.21917; -76.52500 (Cape Dorset Airport); elevation: 48.2 m (158 ft); 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1963–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high humidex −1.4 0.7 0.7 3.9 10.4 17.3 25.0 21.6 12.7 6.5 3.4 1.6 25.0
Record high °C (°F) 0.9
(33.6)		 1.9
(35.4)		 0.8
(33.4)		 5.6
(42.1)		 10.9
(51.6)		 19.7
(67.5)		 25.0
(77.0)		 21.9
(71.4)		 18.1
(64.6)		 7.1
(44.8)		 3.4
(38.1)		 2.2
(36.0)		 25.0
(77.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −20.7
(−5.3)		 −21.6
(−6.9)		 −17.4
(0.7)		 −9.2
(15.4)		 −1.9
(28.6)		 5.7
(42.3)		 12.1
(53.8)		 9.9
(49.8)		 4.1
(39.4)		 −1.0
(30.2)		 −7.2
(19.0)		 −14.2
(6.4)		 −5.1
(22.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) −23.7
(−10.7)		 −24.4
(−11.9)		 −20.7
(−5.3)		 −12.4
(9.7)		 −4.2
(24.4)		 2.9
(37.2)		 8.3
(46.9)		 6.8
(44.2)		 2.2
(36.0)		 −2.7
(27.1)		 −9.5
(14.9)		 −17.1
(1.2)		 −7.9
(17.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −26.3
(−15.3)		 −27.1
(−16.8)		 −23.9
(−11.0)		 −15.5
(4.1)		 −6.4
(20.5)		 0.1
(32.2)		 4.5
(40.1)		 3.8
(38.8)		 0.1
(32.2)		 −4.4
(24.1)		 −12.0
(10.4)		 −19.8
(−3.6)		 −10.6
(12.9)
Record low °C (°F) −38.9
(−38.0)		 −40.6
(−41.1)		 −42.2
(−44.0)		 −32.8
(−27.0)		 −19.6
(−3.3)		 −7.4
(18.7)		 −3.4
(25.9)		 −4.6
(23.7)		 −8.3
(17.1)		 −23.9
(−11.0)		 −30.6
(−23.1)		 −42.8
(−45.0)		 −42.8
(−45.0)
Record low wind chill −54.5 −58.1 −53.0 −44.6 −29.3 −14.6 −7.0 −8.7 −14.7 −39.7 −39.7 −51.4 −58.1
Average precipitation mm (inches) 19.4
(0.76)		 17.2
(0.68)		 26.1
(1.03)		 25.8
(1.02)		 27.8
(1.09)		 33.3
(1.31)		 39.0
(1.54)		 57.3
(2.26)		 52.9
(2.08)		 48.0
(1.89)		 37.0
(1.46)		 29.6
(1.17)		 413.3
(16.27)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.3
(0.01)		 4.0
(0.16)		 20.9
(0.82)		 37.8
(1.49)		 52.1
(2.05)		 35.7
(1.41)		 7.2
(0.28)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 158.0
(6.22)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 24.2
(9.5)		 24.2
(9.5)		 28.3
(11.1)		 32.8
(12.9)		 29.7
(11.7)		 8.5
(3.3)		 0.2
(0.1)		 1.2
(0.5)		 13.2
(5.2)		 40.1
(15.8)		 50.6
(19.9)		 37.6
(14.8)		 290.7
(114.4)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 15.2 13.0 15.7 14.0 12.7 10.1 11.1 13.0 15.7 17.5 19.0 18.2 175.1
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.9 6.8 11.4 13.3 10.6 3.2 0.1 0.0 47.8
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 16.0 14.5 15.3 14.4 14.6 4.8 0.1 0.4 6.9 17.8 19.8 19.0 143.6
Average relative humidity (%) 69.3 68.0 69.6 76.9 82.6 77.5 68.8 74.7 81.7 84.1 82.1 75.8 75.9
Mean monthly sunshine hours 7.6 72.5 172.6 215.7 157.0 220.1 274.1 187.3 87.4 45.2 17.6 0.0 1,457.2
Percent possible sunshine 4.5 30.3 47.5 47.8 27.5 35.1 44.9 36.8 22.2 14.9 9.0 0.0 26.7
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada[14] (rain/rain days, snow/snow days, humidex, wind chill, humidity 1981–2010) Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010[15]

References

  1. 1 2 "Dorset Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
  2. 1 2 "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Nunavut". Statistics Canada. 9 February 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
  3. ↑ Dorset Island
  4. 1 2 3 4 "CAPE DORSET: Kingnait". Qikiqtani Inuit Association. qia.ca. Archived from the original on 6 January 2010. Retrieved 16 February 2009.
  5. 1 2 3 "Dorset Island". travelingluck.com. Retrieved 16 February 2009.
  6. 1 2 Room, Adrian (1989). Dictionary of World Place Names Derived from British Names. Taylor & Francis. p. 46. ISBN 0-415-02811-6.
  7. 1 2 3 4 "Sector13.HudsonStrait" (PDF). National Geospatial Intelligence Agency. pollux.nss.nima.mil. pp. 14–15. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 October 2004. Retrieved 16 February 2009.
  8. 1 2 3 "CAPE DORSET". gov.nu.ca. Archived from the original on 25 December 2008. Retrieved 16 February 2009.
  9. ↑ "Cape Dorset (Kingnait) – 'mountains'". usask.ca. Retrieved 16 February 2009.
  10. ↑ Cape Dorset at Travel Nunavut
  11. ↑ "Cape Dorset News". edu.nu.ca. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 16 February 2009.
  12. ↑ "WILDLIFE SIGHTINGS IN TOWN". edu.nu.ca. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 16 February 2009.
  13. ↑ "Mallikjuaq Territorial Park". nunavutparks.com. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  14. ↑ "Kinngait/Cape Dorset (Composite Station Threads)". Canadian Climate Normals 1991-2020 Data. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Archived from the original on 18 December 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
  15. ↑ "Cape Dorset A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Climate ID: 2400635. Retrieved 27 November 2013.
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