Dyfed

Dyfed shown as a preserved county since 2003
Area
 • 19745765.75 km2
 • 19965765.75 km2
Ranked 1st
Population
 • 1971316,369
 • 1992351,100 (estimate)
 • 2007375,200 (estimate)[1]
Ranked 5th
History
 • OriginKingdom of Dyfed
 • Created1974
 • Abolished1996
 • Succeeded byCarmarthenshire, Ceredigion, Pembrokeshire
Preserved county of Dyfed
StatusNon-metropolitan county (1974–1996) Preserved county (1996–)
GovernmentDyfed County Council
 • HQCounty Hall, Carmarthen
Arms of Dyfed County Council

Dyfed (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈdəvɛd]) is a preserved county in southwestern Wales. It is a mostly rural area with a coastline on the Irish Sea and the Bristol Channel.

Between 1974 and 1996, Dyfed was also the name of the area's county council and the name remains in use for certain ceremonial and other purposes.

Etymology

The name Dyfed is an ancient one, deriving form the Demetae (the Iron Age tribe that inhabited the area), with this tribal name deriving from a Celtic element related to the Welsh language word defaid (sheep) as well as the Common Brittonic word defod (wealth, property or riches).[2][3] This suggests that the area that became Dyfed was noted for the cultivation of sheep from ancient times, and that this was associated with great wealth.[4] The name persisted in the post-Roman Kingdom of Dyfed (clearly a continuation of this pre-Roman etymon) and even survived the Norman conquest of Wales and the introduction of the Shire system, with Thomas Morgan noting that the Welsh inhabitants of Pembrokeshire still referred to the area as Dyfed in the nineteenth century.[5]

History

Dyfed is a preserved county of Wales. It was originally created as an administrative county council on 1 April 1974 under the terms of the Local Government Act 1972, and covered approximately the same geographic extent as the ancient Principality of Deheubarth, although excluding the Gower Peninsula and the area west of the River Tawe.

Dyfed County Council was abolished on 1 April 1996, when the three historic counties were reinstated for administrative purposes with Cardiganshire being renamed Ceredigion on the following day. The name "Dyfed" remains used for some ceremonial and administrative purposes.

Administrative county
1889–1974		 Local government districts
1974–1996
Cardiganshire Ceredigion
Carmarthenshire Carmarthen, Dinefwr, Llanelli
Pembrokeshire Preseli (renamed to Preseli Pembrokeshire in 1987), South Pembrokeshire

Headquarters

The administrative headquarters of Dyfed County Council was Carmarthen, whilst the largest settlement was Llanelli. Other significant centres of population included Haverfordwest, Milford Haven and Aberystwyth.[6]

Continued use of name

The name Dyfed was retained for such purely ceremonial purposes as the Lord Lieutenancy and in the name of some regional bodies such as Dyfed–Powys Police, Dyfed Telecom,[7] and Dyfed Digital,[8] but some databases, including that of the Royal Mail, continued its use at least until 2008, causing confusion in online commerce.[9]

Geography

Dyfed has a long coast on the Irish Sea to the west and the Bristol Channel to the south. It is bounded by the preserved counties of Gwynedd to the north, Powys to the east and West Glamorgan to the southeast.

Ceredigion, the northernmost part of Dyfed, has a narrow coastal strip and the Cambrian Mountains cover much of the east of the county. The highest point is Plynlimon at 752 metres (2,467 ft),[10] on the slopes of which five rivers have their sources: the Severn, the Wye, the Dulas, the Llyfnant and the Rheidol, the first two of which flow eastwards into England and the last three of which flow westwards to the Irish Sea. Further south in Ceredigion the land is less mountainous, and the River Teifi forms the border with Carmarthenshire for part of its length.[11]

Carmarthenshire, the southeastern part of Dyfed, is mostly hilly, except for the river valleys and coastal strip. Fforest Fawr and Black Mountain extend into the east of Carmarthenshire and the Cambrian Mountains into the north. The highest point in Carmarthenshire is Fan Foel, 781 metres (2,562 ft),[12] on the border with Powys. The River Towy is the largest river and drains into the Bristol Channel, as do the River Loughor, the River Gwendraeth and the River Taf. Carmarthenshire has a long coastline which is deeply cut by the estuaries of the Loughor, Gwendraeth, Tywi and Taf. The south coast has many fishing villages and sandy beaches and the eastern part around Llanelli and Burry Port is more industrial.[11]

Pembrokeshire, the southwestern part of Dyfed, juts out into the Irish Sea and has a long, much indented, coastline. It does not have the mountains found in other parts of Dyfed but much of the interior is still hilly. In the north are the Preseli Hills (Mynydd Preseli), a wide stretch of high moorland. The highest point in the Preseli Hills is Foel Cwmcerwyn at 536 metres (1,759 ft),[13] and this is the highest point in Pembrokeshire. The largest river is the River Cleddau which has two main branches which join to form the Daugleddau estuary, which forms the important harbour of Milford Haven which enters the sea at the southwestern corner of the county. The areas around the River Cleddau are mainly level, low-lying land with many inlets and creeks. The coastline of Pembrokeshire has cliffs in places, and numerous bays and sandy beaches.[11] The county contains the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park, which contains the 186-mile walking trail, the Pembrokeshire Coast Path.[14]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Office for National Statistics – 2007 estimate Archived July 28, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (using 2003 preserved borders for Camarthenshire, Ceredigion, Pembrokeshire
  2. ↑ Baxter, William. "Quasi regio ovibus pascendis apt". Cambrian Register. 2: 61–65.
  3. ↑ Baxter, Mr (1832). "The Cambrian Quarterly Magazine and Celtic Reportage". The Cambrian Quarterly Magazine and Celtic Reportage. 4: 401.
  4. ↑ Southey, Thomas (1832). "Observations addressed to the Wool Growers of Australia and Tasmania respecting Improvements in the Breed of Sheep preparing and assorting Wools & c also on the Introduction of other laniferous lanigerous Animals suited to their Climate and Localities and recommended for their Adoption By Thomas Southey Wool Broker 2d edit London Redford and Robins London Road Southwark 1831". Cambrian and Caledonian Quarterly Magazine and Celtic Repertory. proprietors. 4: 401–402.
  5. ↑ Morgan, Thomas (1887). Handbook of the Origin of Place-names in Wales and Monmouthshire. H.W. Southey. p. 29.
  6. ↑ "Dyfed County Council Records". Carmarthenshire Archive Service. Archived from the original on 23 May 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  7. ↑ "Local Government (Wales) Act 1994". The National Archives. legislation,gov.uk. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  8. ↑ "Company Information for Dyfed Digital LTD.. Registered as 14861401".
  9. ↑ Clark, Rhodri (6 February 2008). "1996 passed by for databases that still believe there's a Dyfed". Wales online. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  10. ↑ "Maps".
  11. 1 2 3 Philip's (1994). Atlas of the World. Reed International. pp. 16–17. ISBN 0-540-05831-9.
  12. ↑ "Maps".
  13. ↑ "Maps".
  14. ↑ "Pembrokeshire Coast Path". Nationaltrail.co.uk. Retrieved 1 May 2016.

51°56′N 4°31′W / 51.94°N 4.51°W / 51.94; -4.51

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