E. Jean Carroll
Carroll smiling and holding an umbrella
Carroll in 2006
Born
Elizabeth Jean Carroll

(1943-12-12) December 12, 1943
Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
EducationIndiana University, Bloomington (BA)
Occupation(s)Journalist, advice columnist
Employer(s)Elle, 1993–2020
Spouses
Steve Byers
​
(div. 1984)​
    ​
    (div. 1990)​

    Elizabeth Jean Carroll (born December 12, 1943) is an American journalist, author, and advice columnist. Her "Ask E. Jean" column appeared in Elle magazine from 1993 through 2019, becoming one of the longest-running advice columns in American publishing.[1]

    In her 2019 book, What Do We Need Men For?: A Modest Proposal, Carroll accused Les Moonves and Donald Trump of sexually assaulting her in the mid-1990s. Both Moonves and Trump denied the allegations.[2][3][4] Carroll subsequently sued Trump in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (originally filed in the New York Supreme Court) for defamation and battery. On May 9, 2023, a jury found Trump liable for defamation and sexual abuse against Carroll and awarded her $5 million in damages.[5]

    Early life

    Elizabeth Jean Carroll was born on December 12, 1943,[6][7] in Detroit, Michigan.[6][8] Her father, Thomas F. Carroll Jr., was an inventor, and her mother, Betty (née McKinney) Carroll, was a Republican politician in Allen County, Indiana.[9][10] The oldest of four children, Carroll was raised in Fort Wayne, Indiana, with two sisters and a brother; as a child, she was called "Betty Jean", "Jeannie" and "Betty."[11] She attended Indiana University. A Pi Beta Phi and a cheerleader, she was crowned Miss Indiana University in 1963, and in 1964, as a representative of the university, she won the Miss Cheerleader USA title.[12] She appeared on To Tell the Truth in 1965.[13][14]

    Career

    Column: Ask E. Jean

    Carroll's "Ask E. Jean" column appeared in Elle from 1993 until 2020. Widely read, it was acclaimed for Carroll's opinions on sex, her insistence that women should "never never" structure their lives around men, and her compassion for letter-writers experiencing difficult life situations.[15][16] When it debuted, Amy Gross, a former editor-in-chief of Elle, compared the column to putting Carroll on a "bucking bronco", describing her responses to readers as "the cheers and whoops and hollers of a fearless woman having a good ol' time."[17] Carroll's writing style—which often incorporates humor—has been described as "quirky",[18] "cheeky,"[19][20] and "irreverent."[21][8][18]

    Carroll was fired from Elle in February 2020; she wrote on Twitter that she was dismissed "because Trump ridiculed my reputation, laughed at my looks, & dragged me through the mud."[22] Elle maintained that the decision to fire Carroll was a business decision unrelated to Trump.[18]

    Television: Ask E. Jean, Saturday Night Live

    Carroll wrote for Saturday Night Live in the mid-1980s.[8] She was nominated for an Emmy for Outstanding Writing in a Variety or Music Program in 1987.[23]

    From 1994 through 1996, Carroll was the host and producer of the Ask E. Jean television series that aired on NBC's America's Talking—the predecessor to MSNBC.[24][8] Entertainment Weekly called Carroll "the most entertaining cable talk show host you will never see."[25] Carroll and the show were nominated for a CableACE Award in 1995.[26]

    Magazines, books, and anthologies

    In addition to writing for magazines including The Atlantic and Vanity Fair, Carroll served as a contributing editor for Outside,[27][8][28] Esquire,[29][30][31] New York,[32] and Playboy. She was Playboy's first female contributing editor.[8]

    Carroll was known for her gonzo-style first-person narratives.[33][8] She hiked into the Star Mountains with an Atbalmin tracker and a Telefomin warrior;[34] chronicled the lives of basketball groupies in a story called "Love in the Time of Magic";[30] and went to Indiana to investigate why four white farm kids were thrown out of school for dressing like black artists in "The Return of the White Negro".[31] She tracked down her old boyfriends and moved in with them and their wives[29] and went on a camping trip with Fran Lebowitz.[33] Bill Tonelli, her Esquire and Rolling Stone editor, said in a 1999 interview that all of Carroll's stories were "pretty much the same thing. Which is: 'What is this person like when he or she is in a room with E. Jean?' She's institutionally incapable of being uninteresting."[35]

    Several of Carroll's pieces have been included in non-fiction anthologies such as The Best of Outside: The First 20 Years (Vintage Books, 1998), Out of the Noosphere: Adventure, Sports, Travel, and the Environment (Fireside, 1998) and Sand in My Bra: Funny Women Write from the Road (Traveler's Tales, 2003).[27] Her 2002 story for Spin, "The Cheerleaders" was selected as one of the year's "Best True Crime Reporting" pieces. It appeared in Best American Crime Writing, edited by Otto Penzler, Thomas H. Cook, and Nicholas Pileggi (Pantheon Books, 2002).[36][37]

    In 1993, Carroll's biography of Hunter S. Thompson, Hunter: The Strange and Savage Life of Hunter S. Thompson, was published by Dutton. Her memoir, What Do We Need Men For?: A Modest Proposal was released in June 2019. The title refers to the 1729 satire A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift.[20] In 2019, The New York Times referred to Carroll as "feminism's answer to Hunter S. Thompson."[33]

    In 2020 and 2021, for The Atlantic, Carroll wrote a series of articles that profiled several of the 25 women that have accused Trump of sexual misconduct.[38][39][40][41][42] Her profile of Jill Harth, who alleged that she had been groped by Trump, appeared in Vanity Fair in January 2021.[43] In October 2021 This American Life featured Carroll in conversation with Jessica Leeds, who also accused Trump of sexual misconduct.[44]

    Online

    In 2002, Carroll co-founded greatboyfriends.com with her sister, Cande Carroll. On the site, women recommended their ex-boyfriends to each other.[45] GreatBoyfriends was acquired by The Knot Inc. in 2005. In 2004, she launched Catch27.com, a spoof of Facebook. On the site, people put their profiles on trading cards and bought, sold, and traded each other.[46] She launched an online version of her column, askejean.com, in 2007. Ten years later Carroll co-founded Tawkify, "a personal concierge for dating." She also advised Tawkify's matchmaking team.[1]

    Sexual assault allegations

    Donald Trump

    On June 21, 2019, Carroll published an article in New York magazine which stated that Donald Trump had sexually assaulted her in late 1995 or early 1996 in the Bergdorf Goodman department store in New York City. Further details of the alleged incident were published in her book What Do We Need Men For?: A Modest Proposal.[2][14][47] Carroll said that on her way out of the store she ran into Trump and he asked for help buying a gift for a woman. After suggesting a handbag or a hat, the two reputedly moved on to the lingerie section and joked about the other trying some on. Carroll said they ended up in a dressing room together, the door of which was shut, and Trump forcefully kissed her, pulled down her tights and raped her before she was able to escape. She stated that the alleged incident lasted less than three minutes.[48][49] Lisa Birnbach and Carol Martin told New York magazine that Carroll had confided in them shortly after the alleged assault.[14][2][50]

    Trump denied the allegations and claimed that he had never met Carroll.[48] However, Carroll provided New York a photograph of her socializing with Trump in 1987.[14][51] Trump dismissed the photograph's significance.[48]

    Carroll initially chose not to describe the alleged sexual assault as rape, instead describing it as a fight. "My word is fight. My word is not the victim word ... I fought."[52][53][54]

    Defamation lawsuit

    In November 2019, Carroll filed a defamation lawsuit with the New York Supreme Court. The suit states that Trump had damaged her reputation, substantially harmed her professionally, and caused emotional pain. Carroll stated "Decades ago, the now President of the United States raped me. When I had the courage to speak out about the attack, he defamed my character, accused me of lying for personal gain, even insulted my appearance." She stated that she was "filing this (lawsuit) on behalf of every woman who has ever been harassed, assaulted, silenced, or spoken up only to be shamed, fired, ridiculed and belittled." White House press secretary Stephanie Grisham described the suit as "frivolous" and claimed Carroll's story was fraudulent.[55]

    In September 2020, government lawyers from the Department of Justice (DOJ) asserted that Trump had acted in his official capacity while responding to Carroll's accusation; they asserted that the Federal Tort Claims Act[lower-alpha 1] grants their department the right to take the case from Trump's private lawyers and move it to federal court.[56] This would end the lawsuit, as the government cannot be sued for defamation.[57] Carroll's lawyer, Roberta A. Kaplan, stated that "Trump's effort to wield the power of the U.S. government to evade responsibility for his private misconduct is without precedent."[56] In October 2020, U.S. District Court Judge Lewis Kaplan (not related) rejected the DOJ's motion, arguing that the president is not a government employee and that Trump's comments were not related to his job as such.[58] The following month, the DOJ filed an appeal with the Second Circuit Court of Appeals.[58]

    In June 2021 (during the Biden administration), the DOJ argued to the Second Circuit appeals court that DOJ lawyers should defend Trump as a federal employee.[59] On September 27, 2022, the appeals court ruled that "we cannot say what the District would do" in terms of allowing Trump to be shielded by his former office as U.S. president.[60] On October 19, Trump was deposed as a witness in the case.[57] In January 2023, the District of Columbia (D.C.) appeals court held oral arguments before a full panel of judges.[61] Trump's lawyers argued that his comments fell within the scope of his employment, while some judges pointed out that D.C. law holds employers responsible when their employees cause individuals harm in the scope of their employment but not otherwise.[62][63]

    On November 24, 2022, Carroll sued Trump for battery in New York under the Adult Survivors Act, a law passed the previous May that briefly allows sexual assault victims to file civil suits regardless of expired statutes of limitations.[64] Carroll made a renewed claim of defamation, citing statements Trump made in October.[65][66] In February 2023, Kaplan scheduled the trial date for April 25.[49][67]

    On April 13, 2023, Carroll disclosed that part of her legal expenses were funded by Reid Hoffman, a co-founder of LinkedIn, venture capitalist, and donor to the Democratic Party.[68]

    On May 9, 2023, a jury of six men and three women found Trump liable for sexual assault, battery and defamation. On the issue of rape, the jury found that Carroll did not prove that Trump had raped her.[69] Carroll was awarded $5 million in damages.[5] Following the verdict, during a Town Hall on CNN, Trump repeated that Carroll's narrative was a 'fake,’ ‘made up story’ invented by a ‘whack job.’ [70] He filed an appeal with the Second Circuit Court of Appeals on May 11. [71]

    On May 23, seeking $10 million in additional damages, Carroll asked the court to expand the 2019 defamation lawsuit to include Trump's post-verdict remarks on CNN and Truth Social. [72] The court granted the motion and the second defamation trial was scheduled for January 15, 2024.[73] In September 2023, Judge Kaplan issued a summary judgment in Carroll's favor, stating that the facts established by the trial jury were indisputable, so that only the amount of damages remains to be determined at the January 2024 trial.[74]

    In June 2023, Trump counter-sued Carroll for defamation after she told CNN "yes he did" rape her in response to a question about the jury not finding him liable for that offense. Federal judge Lewis Kaplan dismissed the lawsuit in August, ruling that Carroll's rape claim against Trump was substantially true.[75]

    Les Moonves

    Carroll was one of 13 women who accused CBS Corporation executive Les Moonves of sexual assault in 2019. She says the incident occurred in the late 1990s in a hotel elevator after interviewing Moonves for a story; he denied the allegation.[2]

    Personal life

    Carroll lives in upstate New York.[11] She lived in Montana with her first husband Stephen Byers before moving to New York City to pursue a career as a journalist.[76] She and Byers divorced in 1984.[77] Her second marriage was to John Johnson,[14] an anchorman and artist. Carroll and Johnson divorced in 1990.[24]

    Selected books

    • 1985: Female Difficulties: Sorority Sisters, Rodeo Queens, Frigid Women, Smut Stars, and Other Modern Girls, Bantam Books, ISBN 9780553050882
    • 1993: Hunter: The Strange and Savage Life of Hunter S. Thompson, Dutton, ISBN 9780525935681[78]
    • 1996: A Dog in Heat Is a Hot Dog and Other Rules to Live By, a collection of her Ask E. Jean columns, Simon and Schuster, ISBN 9780671568146[79]
    • 2004: Mr. Right, Right Now!: How a Smart Woman Can Land Her Dream Man in 6 Weeks, HarperCollins, ISBN 978-0-06-053028-0[80]
    • 2019: What Do We Need Men For?: A Modest Proposal, St. Martin's Press, ISBN 9781250215444[81][82]

    References

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ The Federal Tort Claims Act is a 1946 federal statute that permits private parties to sue the U.S. in federal court for most torts committed by persons acting on behalf of the U.S.

    Citations

    1. 1 2 Stone, Madeline (February 4, 2015). "A 72-year-old advice columnist launched a matchmaking service out of Stanford's startup accelerator". Business Insider. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
    2. 1 2 3 4 Haynes, Danielle (June 17, 2019). "Journalist E. Jean Carroll accuses Trump, Moonves of sexual assault". United Press International. Retrieved June 21, 2019.
    3. ↑ Baker, Peter; Vigdor, Neil (June 24, 2019). "'She's Not My Type': Accused Again of Sexual Assault, Trump Resorts to Old Insult". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 25, 2019.
    4. ↑ Baker, Peter (June 25, 2019). "Trump, accused again of sexual misconduct, insults woman who said he assaulted her". The Boston Globe. Retrieved June 25, 2019.
    5. 1 2 Hymes, Clare; Kates, Graham; Stevens, Nia (May 9, 2023). "Jury finds Trump liable for battery and defamation in E. Jean Carroll lawsuit trial". CBS News.
    6. 1 2 Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Co. 2008. p. 66. The writer was born Betty Jean Carroll on December 12, 1943 in Detroit, Michigan, to Tom and Betty (McKinney) Carroll.
    7. ↑ McGreal, Chris (May 2, 2023). "Women to testify they can corroborate E Jean Carroll's rape allegation against Trump". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
    8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Jones, Charisse (July 8, 2019). "Beauty queen, journalist, pioneer. The many faces of Trump accuser E. Jean Carroll". USA Today. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
    9. ↑ "Thomas F. Carroll Jr Obituary". dignitymemorial.com. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
    10. ↑ E. Jean Carroll (February 1996). A Dog in Heat Is a Hot Dog and Other Rules to Live By. Simon and Schuster. p. 46. ISBN 9780671568146 – via Google Books.
    11. 1 2 Fadulu, Lola (April 25, 2023). "Who Is E. Jean Carroll, the Writer Accusing Donald Trump of Rape?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 13, 2023.
    12. ↑ Holly Miller, Indianapolis Monthly (October 1996) "Zings and Arrows"
    13. ↑ "To Tell the Truth Primetime Episode Guide 1956-67". ttttontheweb.com. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
    14. 1 2 3 4 5 Carroll, E. Jean (June 21, 2019). "Donald Trump Assaulted Me, But He's Not Alone on My List of Hideous Men". The Cut. Retrieved June 21, 2019. Donald Trump assaulted me in a Bergdorf Goodman dressing room 23 years ago. But he's not alone on the list of awful men in my life.
    15. ↑ Bernard, Joan Kelly (March 22, 1994). "Get a Grip and Take Some Sassy but Sane Advice from Elle's E. Jean". Newsday. p. B.13.
    16. ↑ Grimes, William (March 30, 1997). "'Dear Abby' Doesn't Live Here Anymore". The New York Times. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
    17. ↑ Rosman, Katherine (November 1999). "Method to Her Madness". Brill's Content. p. 99.
    18. 1 2 3 Rosman, Katherine; Bennett, Jessica (February 21, 2020). "What Happened Between E. Jean Carroll and Elle Magazine? (Published 2020)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
    19. ↑ Cauterucci, Christina (June 25, 2019). "The Fizzy Bleakness of E. Jean Carroll's Advice Columns". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved February 22, 2023.
    20. 1 2 Garber, Megan (July 3, 2019). "You Should Really Read E. Jean Carroll's Memoir". The Atlantic. Retrieved September 9, 2020.
    21. ↑ Bernard, Joan Kelly (April 4, 1994). "'Bossy, Miss Bossy' Is No Soft Touch : Advice: Her column has been called a hoot. But E. Jean Carroll is honest and straight to the point. Her formula in letters? 'Just do it!'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 22, 2023.
    22. ↑ Grady, Constance (February 19, 2020). "E. Jean Carroll says Trump raped her. She's suing him. Now she's been fired from Elle". Vox. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
    23. ↑ "Jean E. Carroll". Television Academy. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
    24. 1 2 Brum, Robert (July 29, 2019). "E. Jean Carroll, the Nyack years: Donald Trump, Roger Ailes, Reginald McFadden". The Journal News. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
    25. ↑ Entertainment Weekly, December 30, 1994/January 6, 1995/September 30, 1994.
    26. ↑ Margulies, Pau (September 20, 1995). "HBO Leads the Pack With 89 CableACE Nominations: Television: Nods for 'Larry Sanders,' 'Dream On' push network ahead of Showtime, which garners 36". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
    27. 1 2 "Best of Outside The First 20 Years by Outside Magazine". powells.com. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
    28. ↑ Carroll, E. Jean (November 15, 2018). "Miss Jean's Wild Ride". Outside. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
    29. 1 2 Carroll, E. Jean (June 1, 1995). "Loves of My Life". Esquire. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
    30. 1 2 Carroll, E. Jean (April 1992). "Love in the Time of Magic". Esquire. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
    31. 1 2 Carroll, E. Jean (June 1994). "The Return of the White Negro". Esquire. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
    32. ↑ Carroll, E. Jean (August 25, 1997). "My Life as a Man". New York Magazine.
    33. 1 2 3 Bennett, Jessica; Twohey, Megan; Alter, Alexandra (June 27, 2019). "Why E. Jean Carroll, 'the Anti-Victim,' Spoke Up About Trump". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
    34. ↑ Playboy, Page 88, February 1988.
    35. ↑ Katherine Rosman, "Method to Her Madness", page 98, Brill's Content, November 1999.
    36. ↑ Murray, Noel (November 8, 2002). "Otto Penzler, Thomas H. Cook & Nicholas Pileggi, Editors: Best American Crime Writing". The A.V. Club. Retrieved February 19, 2023.
    37. ↑ Miller, Hayley (June 23, 2019). "Sunday Morning Talk Shows Largely Ignore Trump Rape Allegation". HuffPost. Retrieved June 25, 2019.
    38. ↑ Carroll, E. Jean (August 26, 2020). "'I Moved on Her Very Heavily': Part 1". The Atlantic. Retrieved February 22, 2023.
    39. ↑ Carroll, E. Jean (September 2, 2020). "Two Women, Two Breasts, Two Decisions". The Atlantic. Retrieved February 22, 2023.
    40. ↑ Carroll, E. Jean (September 11, 2020). "Donald Trump Is Waiting for You in First Class". The Atlantic. Retrieved February 22, 2023.
    41. ↑ Carroll, E. Jean (September 25, 2020). "And Then Donald Trump Walked Into the RV". The Atlantic. Retrieved February 22, 2023.
    42. ↑ Carroll, E. Jean (October 2, 2020). "A Taxonomy of Groping: The Below-the-Waist Edition". The Atlantic. Retrieved February 22, 2023.
    43. ↑ Carroll, E. Jean (January 15, 2021). ""After Me, Baby, You're Gonna Be Ruined for Anyone Else": Donald Trump Refused to Take 'No' From Women—And Then From America Itself". Vanity Fair. Retrieved February 22, 2023.
    44. ↑ Glass, Ira (October 23, 2020). "The Unreality of Now". This American Life. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
    45. ↑ Bellafante, Ginia (November 24, 2002). "New Year's Eve Is Near. Do You Know Who Your Date Is?; Take My Ex, Please: Preowned, Preapproved". The New York Times.
    46. ↑ Shaer, Matthew (February 21, 2006). "You Can't Buy Friends Like These: Well, Actually, Now You Can". The Boston Globe. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
    47. ↑ "Trump dismisses E. Jean Carroll rape allegation as 'fiction'". BBC News. June 22, 2019. Retrieved June 22, 2019.
    48. 1 2 3 Fabian, Jordan; Enjeti, Saagar (June 24, 2019). "Exclusive: Trump vehemently denies E. Jean Carroll allegation, says 'she's not my type'". The Hill. Retrieved October 20, 2022.
    49. 1 2 Crane-Newman, Molly (February 10, 2023). "E. Jean Carroll and Donald Trump may testify at upcoming NYC rape and sex assault trial". New York Daily News. Retrieved February 11, 2023.
    50. ↑ Mangan, Dan (June 21, 2019). "Donald Trump sexually assaulted E. Jean Carroll in the mid-1990s, writer says in new book". CNBC. Retrieved June 21, 2019.
    51. ↑ McGann, Laura (June 21, 2019). "Donald Trump is trying to gaslight us on E. Jean Carroll's account of rape". Vox. Retrieved June 22, 2019.
    52. ↑ Victor, Daniel (June 27, 2019). "Two Women Who Heard E. Jean Carroll's Account of Being Attacked by Trump Go Public". The New York Times. Retrieved June 27, 2019.
    53. ↑ "Corroborating E. Jean Carroll". The New York Times. June 27, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2020. Every woman gets to choose her word. Every woman gets to choose how she describes it. This is my way of saying it. This is my word. My word is fight. My word is not the victim word. I am not—I have not been raped. Something has not been done to me. I fought. That's the thing.
    54. ↑ Weir, Keziah (June 28, 2019). "How Has E. Jean Carroll's Life Been Since Accusing Donald Trump? "Fabulous. Buoyant."". Vanity Fair. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
    55. ↑ Dwyer, Colin (November 4, 2019). "Columnist Who Accused Trump Of Sexual Assault Is Suing Him For Defamation". NPR. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
    56. 1 2 Feuer, Alan (September 8, 2020). "Justice Dept. Intervenes to Help Trump in E. Jean Carroll Defamation Lawsuit". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
    57. 1 2 Scannell, Kara (October 19, 2022). "Trump appears for deposition in E. Jean Carroll lawsuit". CNN. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
    58. 1 2 Katersky, Aaron (November 25, 2020). "DOJ files appeal in E. Jean Carroll lawsuit against President Trump". ABC News. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
    59. ↑ Orden, Erica (June 7, 2021). "DOJ argues it should substitute for Trump as defendant in E. Jean Carroll lawsuit". CNN. Retrieved October 20, 2022.
    60. ↑ Polantz, Katelyn; Sneed, Tierney (September 27, 2022). "In boost to Trump, appeals court opens door to DOJ shielding him in defamation lawsuit". CNN. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
    61. ↑ Scannell, Kara (October 25, 2022). "DC appeals court sets oral argument in Trump defamation case for January 2023". CNN. Retrieved October 27, 2022.
    62. ↑ Larson, Erik (January 10, 2023). "Trump Lawyer Tells Court Response to Rape Claim Was Part of His Job". Bloomberg. Retrieved January 11, 2023.
    63. ↑ Savage, Charlie (January 10, 2023). "D.C. Court Weighs Writer's Defamation Suit Against Trump". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 11, 2023.
    64. ↑ Larson, Erik (November 24, 2022). "Trump Sued for Battery by E. Jean Carroll Under NY's New Law". Bloomberg. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
    65. ↑ Scannell, Kara (November 24, 2022). "E. Jean Carroll sues Trump for battery and defamation as lookback window for adult sex abuse survivors' suits opens in New York". CNN Politics. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
    66. ↑ Weiser, Benjamin (November 17, 2022). "Writer Who Accused Trump of Rape to File New Defamation Lawsuit". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved November 18, 2022.
    67. ↑ Crane-Newman, Molly (February 7, 2023). "Trump headed to trial in April in NYC rape and defamation case". New York Daily News. Retrieved February 8, 2023 – via Yahoo! News.
    68. ↑ Pagliery, Jose (April 14, 2023). "LinkedIn Founder Is Secretly Funding E. Jean Carroll's Lawsuit Against Trump". The Daily Beast. Reid Hoffman, the billionaire behind LinkedIn who's now a megadonor to Democrats, has been quietly bankrolling E. Jean Carroll's rape case against former President Donald Trump, according to court records filed Thursday.
    69. ↑ Weiser, Benjamin; Fadulu, Lola; Christobek, Kate (May 9, 2023). "Trump is found liable for sexual abuse in civil trial". The New York Times. Retrieved May 9, 2023.
    70. ↑ "E. Jean Carroll adds Trump's post-verdict remarks to defamation case, seeks at least $10M". AP NEWS. May 22, 2023. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
    71. ↑ Ward, Jasper (May 11, 2023). "Trump appeals sexual abuse verdict, $5 mln award in Carroll civil case". Reuters. Retrieved May 13, 2023.
    72. ↑ Weiser, Benjamin (May 22, 2023). "E. Jean Carroll Seeks New Damages From Trump for Comments on CNN". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
    73. ↑ Richards, Zoë (June 15, 2023). "Second E. Jean Carroll defamation trial against Trump set for January: Carroll is seeking additional damages of at least $10 million, based in part on new comments that Trump made at a CNN town hall last month". NBC News. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
    74. ↑ Scannell, Lara (September 6, 2023). "Trump is liable in the second E. Jean Carroll defamation case, judge rules; January trial will determine damages". CNN. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
    75. ↑ Scannell, Kara (August 7, 2023). "Judge dismisses Trump's defamation lawsuit against Carroll for statements she made on CNN". CNN. Archived from the original on August 8, 2023. Retrieved August 7, 2023. Indeed, the jury's verdict in Carroll II establishes, as against Mr Trump, the fact that Mr Trump 'raped her', albeit digitally rather than with his penis. Thus, it establishes against him the substantial truth of Ms Carroll's 'rape' accusations.
    76. ↑ Pilkington, Ed (July 13, 2019). "'I accused Donald Trump of sexual assault. Now I sleep with a loaded gun'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved February 22, 2023.
    77. ↑ Itkowitz, Colby; Reinhard, Beth; Weigel, David (June 22, 2019). "Trump compares himself to Kavanaugh in latest sexual assault allegation". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 9, 2023.
    78. ↑ Lehmann-Haupt, Christopher (January 25, 1993). "Review of Hunter: The Strange and Savage Life of Hunter S. Thompson by E. Jean Carroll". The New York Times. p. 16, Section C.
    79. ↑ "Review of A Dog in Heat Is a Hot Dog and Other Rules to Live By by E. Jean Carroll". Publishers Weekly. January 29, 1996.
    80. ↑ "Review of Mr. Right, Right Now! by E. Jean Carroll". Publishers Weekly. January 1, 2004.
    81. ↑ O'Sullivan, Sibbie (June 28, 2019). "Review of What Do We Need Men For?: A Modest Proposal by E. Jean Carroll". The Washington Post.
    82. ↑ Bingham, Clara (July 14, 2019). "Review: What Do We Need Men For? E. Jean Carroll on so much more than Trump". The Guardian. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
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