"Echoes"
Song by Pink Floyd
from the album Meddle
Released30 October 1971 (1971-10-30)
Recorded7 March – 1 May 1971
StudioAbbey Road, AIR and Morgan, London
GenreProgressive rock[1][2]
Length
LabelHarvest
Composer(s)
Lyricist(s)Roger Waters
Producer(s)Pink Floyd
Official audio
"Echoes" on YouTube

"Echoes" is a song by the English rock band Pink Floyd, and the sixth and last track on their 1971 album Meddle. It is 23+1⁄2 minutes long and takes up the entire second side of the original LP. The track evolved from a variety of different musical themes and ideas, including instrumental passages and studio effects, resulting in the side-long piece. The music was written by the group, while Roger Waters' lyrics addressed themes of human communication and empathy, which he returned to in later work.

The song was performed live regularly by Pink Floyd from 1971 to 1975, including a performance in the film Live at Pompeii (1972). It was used for the opening shows on the 1987 A Momentary Lapse of Reason Tour but subsequently dropped. David Gilmour revived "Echoes" for his 2006 On an Island Tour, which featured Richard Wright, but retired the piece after Wright's death in 2008. The studio recording was used in the film Crystal Voyager (1973) while an edited version is included on the greatest-hits album Echoes: The Best of Pink Floyd (2001).

"Echoes" has been regarded by critics as an important song that transitions between Pink Floyd's early experimental material as a cult band and later mainstream success. Several publications have remarked it as one of the best songs by the group. The group have mixed views of the track, but it was a particular favourite of Wright's.

Structure

"Echoes" begins with a "ping" that was created as a result of an experiment very early in the Meddle sessions, produced by amplifying a grand piano played by Richard Wright and sending the signal through a Leslie speaker and a Binson Echorec unit.[3] After several "pings", a slide guitar played by David Gilmour gradually joins in.[4] The verses are sung in harmony by Gilmour and Wright, and joined by a riff played by Gilmour and bassist Roger Waters in unison.[5][6] This is followed by a guitar solo from Gilmour, played on a Fender Stratocaster through a Fuzz Face effects box, before repeating the previous riff.[6] This leads into a funk-influenced jam.[7]

The middle section of the song features Waters using a slide and a Binson Echorec. Gilmour plays a high-pitched screeching noise, which was created by plugging a wah-wah pedal in back to front (the guitar was plugged into the output of the pedal, and the input of the pedal was plugged into the input of the amplifier). Drummer Nick Mason later clarified that it was an accident, and their experience with working with Ron Geesin had taught them to embrace experiments and try anything if it would work on a song.[4] This is followed by a repeat of the opening piano "pings" and a Farfisa organ solo from Wright, with a backing influenced by the Beach Boys' "Good Vibrations" (1967).[7][8][9]

Following a final third verse, the end of the piece features a choral-sounding segment playing a Shepard tone. This was created by placing two tape recorders in opposite corners of a room; the main chord tapes of the song were then fed into one recorder and played back while at the same time recording.[10] The other recorder was then also set to play what was being recorded; this created a delay between both recordings, influencing the chordal structure.[3][11]

Composition

"Echoes" began as a collection of separate musical experiments, some of which were left over from previous sessions. The group then arranged the pieces in order to make a coherent piece originally referred to as "Nothing, Parts 1–24".[12] Some pieces featured band members playing a recording without any idea what the rest of the group had or were going to play, while others simply had vague notes such as "first two minutes romantic, next two up-tempo".[13] Not all of the pieces were used for the finished track, and out-takes included saying a phrase backwards, so it would sound correct yet strange when the tape was reversed.[4] Subsequent tapes of work in progress were labelled "The Son of Nothing" and "The Return of the Son of Nothing"; the latter title was eventually used to introduce the as-yet-unreleased work in its first live performances in early 1971.[14]

Wright said he composed the piano intro and the main chord progression of the song, and that Waters wrote the lyrics.[15][16] During early development, before the first verse was finalised, it referred to the meeting of two celestial bodies.[17] For the final lyrics, Waters took inspiration from his time in London in the mid to late 1960s, feeling a sense of disconnection and looking for the potential for humans to connect with each other. One particular observation was looking from his flat on Goldhawk Road and watching a procession of commuters walk past, which led to "Strangers passing in the street". "Echoes" established a trend with Waters to write emphatic words and explore the theme of communication, which would be a key theme of The Dark Side of the Moon (1973) and later solo work.[17][18]

Pink Floyd rehearsed the completed piece before committing a final version to tape.[3] Studio recording was split between Abbey Road Studios, Morgan Studios and AIR Studios in London; the latter two were used because they had a 16-track recorder, which made assembling the individual components of the songs easier.[19] The basic backing tracks were recorded between 7 and 19 March at Abbey Road, with the further overdubs recorded at AIR from 30 March to 1 May, with additional work at Morgan.[20] Pink Floyd were featured on an episode of the BBC1 programme 24 Hours discussing bootleg recordings, which showed them rehearsing "Echoes" in Abbey Road.[21]

"Echoes" features a prominent instrumental riff that is identical to the main theme in Andrew Lloyd Webber's 1986 musical The Phantom of the Opera.[22] Waters thought of suing Lloyd Webber for plagiarism, but did not do so.[23] Instead, he dissed Lloyd Webber in "It's a Miracle" on his 1992 solo album Amused to Death.[22]

Live performances

Pink Floyd first performed "Echoes" at Norwich Lads Club on 22 April 1971,[14][24] and it was a regular part of the band's set up to the concert at Knebworth Park on 5 July 1975.[25] It was originally announced by its working title, "Return of the Son of Nothing" and not formally identified as "Echoes" until the group's tour of Japan, starting on 6 August 1971.[14] Occasionally, Waters would introduce the song with silly titles, such as "Looking Through the Knotholes in Granny's Wooden Leg", "We Won The Double" (a reference to Arsenal F.C. winning the double in the 1970–71 season), and "March of the Dambusters".[26]

The song was played at a BBC Radio 1 concert on 30 September 1971 and broadcast on 12 October.[26][27] Shortly afterwards, Pink Floyd filmed a live performance at the Amphitheatre of Pompeii with no audience for Live at Pompeii, where it was split in two halves to open and close the film.[26][28] "Echoes" was one of four pieces that Pink Floyd played in collaboration with a ballet choreographed by Roland Petit in late 1972 and early 1973. The track featured a solo ballet piece for Rudy Bryans of the Ballets de Marseille.[29] For the group's 1973 shows at Earl's Court, the performance of "Echoes" featured large quantities of dry ice being poured onto the stage during the middle section, and sheets of flame shooting from a cauldron at the back of the stage.[30]

From late 1974 to the Knebworth concert, "Echoes" was performed as an encore.[31] These performances featured backing vocals by Venetta Fields and Carlena Williams and saxophone solos by Dick Parry instead of the guitar solos in earlier performances.[20] "Echoes" was performed for the first eleven shows on the band's 1987 A Momentary Lapse of Reason tour, in a slightly rearranged version trimmed down to 17 minutes.[32] However, Gilmour was uncomfortable about singing the "hippy" lyrics, and the touring musicians found it difficult to replicate the sound of the studio original, so it was replaced with "Shine On You Crazy Diamond".[32][33][34]

Gilmour resurrected the song on his 2006 On an Island Tour as the closing number of the main set, with Wright performing in his band.[35] Wright said he still liked playing the song live and was amazed by the audience response to the opening "ping" when on tour.[15] These performances appear on Gilmour's Remember That Night film and Live in Gdańsk album/film.[34] A special acoustic version, featuring just Gilmour and Wright and filmed live at Abbey Road, featured as a hidden track on Remember That Night.[20] Gilmour told Rolling Stone in 2016 upon returning to Pompeii to play a solo show that he would have loved to perform "Echoes" but felt he could not do so without Wright, who had died in 2008 – "There's something that's specifically so individual about the way that Rick and I play in that, that you can't get someone to learn it and do it just like that."[36] Similarly, Mason initially did not play "Echoes" live with Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets as he felt the track is too strongly identified with Wright, but included the song for the 2022 tour named "The Echoes Tour".[37]

Release

"Echoes" occupied the whole of the second side of the album Meddle, released on 30 October 1971.[38] Mason later said this might have been because the group wanted to put more suitable material for radio on side one.[4] An edited version of the song appeared on the 2001 compilation Echoes: The Best of Pink Floyd, and as part of an 8-track promotional sampler.[34][39]

The live performance at Pompeii was released to cinemas in September 1972. It was first released on video in 1983, then on DVD in 2003.[40] Several works-in-progress pieces and live performances were released on the 2016 box set The Early Years 1965–1972.[41]

Reception

In a review for the Meddle album, Jean-Charles Costa of Rolling Stone gave "Echoes" a positive review.[42] Costa described "Echoes" as "a 23-minute Pink Floyd aural extravaganza that takes up all of side two, recaptures, within a new musical framework, some of the old themes and melody lines from earlier albums", adding: "All of this plus a funky organ-bass-drums segment and a stunning Gilmour solo adds up to a fine extended electronic outing."[42]

NME covered Pink Floyd's opening date on their 1972 UK tour at the Brighton Dome and called "Echoes" a highlight of the set, saying that it was "masterful".[43] Reviewing the 1975 Knebworth concert, Sounds said that despite a mixed performance in the main set, "Echoes" was "pretty superb" and "played flawlessly".[25] Rolling Stone said that Gilmour's live performance of the piece at Gdańsk at the end of the On An Island Tour in 2006 was "jaw-dropping". Touring guitarist Phil Manzanera said "that version of 'Echoes' was the longest one and the best one. Life is funny. It's cosmic. It's like Richard knew something was up, and he stayed on longer. It's a magical song."[44]

Author Ed Macan has called "Echoes" Pink Floyd's "masterpiece" and an important bridge between the group as a cult band and later mainstream success.[45] Andy Cush has said that the track is a transition between the group's experimental material and later commercial success, emphasising that it is "ambitious beyond anything Pink Floyd had attempted before, wild beyond anything they’d attempt after".[46] In 2008, Uncut magazine ranked "Echoes" number 30 in a list of Pink Floyd's 30 best songs,[47] while in 2011, readers of Rolling Stone named it as the fifth-best song by Pink Floyd.[48]

The members of Pink Floyd have mixed views on the track. Wright said that the piece was "a highlight" and "one of the finest tracks the Floyd have ever done". Waters and Gilmour have said that it was a foretaste of things to come in The Dark Side of the Moon, while Mason has said that it was "a bit overlong".[10]

Film

The 1973 George Greenough film Crystal Voyager concludes with a 23-minute segment in which the full version of "Echoes" accompanies a montage of images shot by Greenough from a camera mounted on his back while surfing on his kneeboard.[49][50] The group allowed Greenough and director David Elfick to use the music in their film in exchange for the use of Greenough's footage as a visual background when they performed "Echoes" in concert. In the early 1990s, this footage was planned to be used in an advertisement for toilet cleaner, but it did not get clearance from the band.[34]

Similar to the Dark Side of the Rainbow effect, fans have suggested that "Echoes" coincidentally synchronises with Stanley Kubrick's 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey, when played concurrently with the final 23-minute segment titled "Jupiter and Beyond the Infinite".[51][52] Kubrick would later feature copies of both the soundtrack to 2001 and Pink Floyd's Atom Heart Mother (1970) as props in the record store scene in A Clockwork Orange (1971).[53]

Cover versions

Alien Sex Fiend covered the track for a Pink Floyd tribute album A Saucerful of Pink, released in July 1995.[54] British musician Ewan Cunningham covered "Echoes" in 2017 and uploaded a YouTube video that featured him playing all of the parts himself. This cover was heavily based on the Live at Pompeii version and went on to receive praise from Mason, who humorously said: "Looks like we're all out of a job!"[55][56]

The acoustic guitar duo Rodrigo y Gabriela covered "Echoes" on their 2019 album Mettavolution, one of seven tracks which won the album an award for Best Contemporary Instrumental Album at the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards in 2020.[57] In reviewing this cover version, Rolling Stone wrote that "like the original, the song is its own journey, and it's beautiful".[58]

Personnel

According to Jean-Michel Guesdon and Philippe Margotin:[59]

References

Citations

  1. ↑ Murphy, Sean (22 May 2011). "The 25 Best Progressive Rock Songs of All Time". PopMatters. p. 2. Archived from the original on 10 May 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
  2. ↑ Macan 2011, p. 116.
  3. 1 2 3 Blake 2011, p. 160.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Mason 2004, p. 148.
  5. ↑ Shea 2009, p. 246.
  6. 1 2 Guesdon & Margotin 2017, p. 288.
  7. 1 2 Guesdon & Margotin 2017, p. 289.
  8. ↑ Gush, Andy (12 July 2020). "Pink Floyd: Meddle Album Review". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
  9. ↑ DeRiso, Nick (28 July 2015). "Top 10 Richard Wright Pink Floyd Songs". Ultimate Classic Rock. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
  10. 1 2 Guesdon & Margotin 2017, p. 290.
  11. ↑ Harris 2006, p. 74.
  12. ↑ Povey 2007, p. 124.
  13. ↑ Whatley, Jack (30 October 2021). "Looking back at Pink Floyd's ambitious experiment, 'Meddle' 50 years later". Far Out Magazine. Archived from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
  14. 1 2 3 Povey 2007, p. 142.
  15. 1 2 Mojo 2008, p. 83.
  16. ↑ Guesdon & Margotin 2017, p. 286.
  17. 1 2 Mabbett 2010, p. 107.
  18. ↑ Blake 2011, p. 161.
  19. ↑ Mason 2004, p. 151.
  20. 1 2 3 Guesdon & Margotin 2017, p. 287.
  21. ↑ Taylor, Tom (18 June 2021). "Watch rare footage of Pink Floyd in the studio working on "Echoes"". Far Out Magazine. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
  22. 1 2 "How Pink Floyd inspired 'The Phantom of the Opera'". Far Out Magazine. 24 April 2021. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
  23. ↑ Hibbert, Tom (November 1992). "Who the hell does Roger Waters think he is?". Q. Retrieved 10 January 2024 – via A Fleeting Glimpse.
  24. ↑ Lakey, Chris (18 May 2018). "Norwich Lads Club – still going strong after 100 years". Eastern Daily Press. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  25. 1 2 Povey 2007, p. 197.
  26. 1 2 3 Mabbett 2010, p. 108.
  27. ↑ Povey 2007, p. 148.
  28. ↑ Povey 2007, pp. 125, 148.
  29. ↑ Povey 2007, pp. 171–173.
  30. ↑ Povey 2007, pp. 158, 178.
  31. ↑ Povey 2007, pp. 193–197.
  32. 1 2 Povey 2007, p. 247.
  33. ↑ Blake 2011, p. 331.
  34. 1 2 3 4 Mabbett 2010, p. 109.
  35. ↑ Povey 2007, p. 307.
  36. ↑ Glow, Kory (7 July 2016). "David Gilmour Talks Pompeii Return: 'It's a Place of Ghosts'". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 28 September 2017. Retrieved 27 September 2017.
  37. ↑ Greene, Andy (26 October 2021). "Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets Announces the Echoes Tour 2022". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
  38. ↑ Povey 2007, p. 150.
  39. ↑ Povey 2007, pp. 354–355.
  40. ↑ Povey 2007, pp. 357–358.
  41. ↑ Thomas Erlewine, Stephen. "The Early Years 1965–1972 – Pink Floyd". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 31 August 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
  42. 1 2 Costa, Jean-Charles (6 January 1972). "Meddle". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 15 July 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
  43. ↑ Povey 2007, p. 164.
  44. ↑ Greene, Andy (4 November 2014). "Flashback: David Gilmour Plays an Epic 'Echoes' in 2006". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  45. ↑ Macan 2011, p. 113.
  46. ↑ Cush, Andy (12 July 2020). "Pink Floyd – Meddle". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  47. ↑ Pinnock, Tom (24 July 2015) [October 2008]. "Pink Floyd's 30 best songs". Uncut. No. 137. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  48. ↑ Wexelman, Alex (15 September 2018). "Pink Floyd's Rick Wright: 12 Essential Songs". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
  49. ↑ Povey 2007, p. 358.
  50. ↑ Engle 2015, p. 76.
  51. ↑ Macan 2011, p. 54.
  52. ↑ "Watch as Pink Floyd 'Echoes' perfectly soundtrack Stanley Kubrick film '2001: A Space Odyssey'". Far Out Magazine. 11 June 2020. Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
  53. ↑ Coulthart, John (13 April 2006). "Alex in the Chelsea Drug Store". johncoulthart.com. Archived from the original on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
  54. ↑ Bush, John. "Saucerful of Pink: A Tribute to Pink Floyd – Various Artists". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 30 April 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
  55. ↑ "Ewan Cunningham Echoes". smash.com. Smash Inc. Archived from the original on 3 August 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
  56. ↑ Mason, Nick (7 January 2017). "Looks like we are all out of a job!". Nick Mason (official Twitter feed). Archived from the original on 25 April 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
  57. ↑ Haylock, Zoe (27 January 2020). "Billie Eilish Leads The 2020 Grammy Award Winners". Vulture. Archived from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  58. ↑ Grow, Kory (February 2019). "Rodrigo y Gabriela's Pink Floyd Cover 'Echoes' Is a Song You Need to Know". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  59. ↑ Guesdon & Margotin 2017, p. 285.

Sources

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  • Blake, Mark (November 2008). "The Dream Is Over" (PDF). Mojo. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
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  • Guesdon, Jean-Michel; Margotin, Philippe (2017). Pink Floyd All the Songs – The Story Behind Every Track. Running Press. ISBN 978-0-316-43923-7.
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