Emmental
Other namesEmmenthal, Emmentaler, Emmenthaler[1]
Country of originSwitzerland
Source of milkCow
PasteurizedNot traditionally
TextureMedium-hard
Aging time2–18 months depending on variety
CertificationSome varieties
Named afterEmmental
Related media on Commons

Emmental, Emmentaler, or Emmenthal is a yellow, medium-hard cheese that originated in Emmen, Switzerland. It is classified as a Swiss-type cheese.

History

Emmental cheese is authentic Swiss cheese. It originates in the 13th century Emmen, Switzerland.[2]

It has a savory but mild taste. While "Emmentaler" is registered as a geographical indication in Switzerland, a limited number of countries recognize the term as a geographical indication: similar cheeses of other origins, especially from France (as Emmental),[3] the Netherlands,[4] Bavaria, and Finland, are widely available and sold by that name. In some parts of the world, the names "Emmentaler" and "Swiss cheese" are used interchangeably for Emmental-style cheese.

Production

Three types of bacteria are needed to prepare Emmental: Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii. Historically, the holes were a sign of imperfection, and until modern times, cheese makers would try to avoid them.[5] Nowadays, however, eye formation is valued as a sign of maturation and quality and acoustic analysis has been developed for this purpose.[6] Emmental cheese is usually consumed cold, as chunks or slices,[7] and is also used in a variety of dishes, particularly in gratins, and fondue, in which it is mixed with Gruyère, the other highly popular Swiss cheese.

Ziger, a whey cheese, is a historical by-product of the manufacture of Emmental.[8]

Dairy cows in the Emmental region
Old production facility
Emmental being produced in a modern facility

Protected varieties and nomenclature

Several varieties of Emmental are registered as geographical indications, including:

Switzerland

Eighteen-month-old raw milk Emmentaler AOC
  • Emmentaler was registered in 2000 as an appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) in Switzerland.[9][10][11] In 2013, it was replaced by the appellation d'origine protégée (AOP) certification. The Emmentaler produced according to the AOC-registration needs to be produced in small rural dairies with raw cow's milk, adding only natural ingredients (water, salt, natural starter cultures and rennet); preservatives or ingredients from genetically modified organisms are not allowed. The cheese is produced in a round shape with a natural rind, and aged in traditional cellars for a minimum of four months. Emmentaler must be produced in Kantons Aargau, Bern (except Amtsbezirk Moutier), Glarus, Luzern, Schwyz, Solothurn, St. Gallen, Thurgau, Zug or Zürich, or in the See- and Sensebezirk of Kanton Freiburg.[12]

Emmentaler is also recognized as a geographical indication in the Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Jamaica, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia and Spain.[13]

Outside Switzerland

Emmental de Savoie from France

Three cheeses containing the word Emmental are protected under EU law:

In many parts of the English-speaking world the terms "Emmentaler" and "Swiss cheese" are both used to refer to any cheese of the Emmental type, whether produced in Switzerland or elsewhere. The United States Department of Agriculture, for example, uses the terms "Swiss cheese" and "Emmentaler cheese" interchangeably.[17][18]

Emmental-style cheeses

Emmental cheese is very widely imitated around the world, often just called "Swiss cheese". Specific European types include:

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Emmenthal definition and meaning". Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 2020-11-08.
  2. ↑ Michael Tunick (2014). The Science of Cheese. OUP USA. p. 140. ISBN 9780199922307.
  3. ↑ "Emmentaler". Cheese of France. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  4. ↑ "Emmentaler". Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  5. ↑ Scientific American "Cheese Story", August 2010, p. 33
  6. ↑ González, Mariana; Budelli, Eliana; Pérez, Nicolás; Lema, Patricia (27 November 2019). "Acoustic techniques to detect eye formation during ripening of Emmental type cheese". Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies. 59: 102270. doi:10.1016/j.ifset.2019.102270. S2CID 213732802.
  7. ↑ "Emmentaler AOP", Switzerland Cheese Marketing. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  8. ↑ "Ziger / Sérac". Culinary Heritage of Switzerland. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  9. ↑ "Emmentaler: AOC-Gütesiegel". Archived from the original on December 11, 2010. Retrieved December 11, 2009.
  10. ↑ Government of Switzerland. "Appellations d'origine et indications géographiques". Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  11. ↑ "AOC-Label für den Käse mit den grössen Löchern". Swiss Info. 13 September 2004. Retrieved 11 December 2009.
  12. ↑ "Pflichtenheft Emmentaler" (PDF). Government of Switzerland. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  13. ↑ "Emmentaler". Origin GI. 3 September 2021. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  14. ↑ "DOOR". Ec.europa.eu. 1997-01-24. Retrieved 2016-05-14.
  15. ↑ "DOOR". Ec.europa.eu. 1996-06-21. Retrieved 2016-05-14.
  16. ↑ "DOOR". Ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2016-05-14.
  17. ↑ Swiss Cheese, Emmentaler Cheese Grades and Standards, U.S. Department of Agriculture, accessed March 25, 2020
  18. ↑ How to Buy Cheese, U.S. Department of Agriculture (1971), p. 15
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