In the context of the conservation of endangered species in Japan, and the list below, Endangered Species (希少野生動植物種, Kishō yasei dōshokubutsu shu) are those designated by Cabinet order in accordance with the 1992 Act on Conservation of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. There are two main types of Endangered Species, National Endangered Species (国内希少野生動植物種) (NES) and International Endangered Species (国際希少野生動植物種) (IES), although there is also provision for Temporarily Designated Endangered Species (緊急指定種), as well as Designated Nationally Endangered Species (特定国内希少野生動植物種)—and businesses dealing with Designated Nationally Endangered Species (特定国内種事業) and Designated Internationally Endangered Species (特定国際種事業).[1][2][3]

Definitions and provisions

  • The conservation status of species, subspecies, and varieties of wild fauna and flora are to be monitored by the nation, which together with local public entities, is to formulate and implement measures for the conservation of endangered species, assisted by the contribution and cooperation of the public (Article 2)[3]
  • National Endangered Species, as designated by Cabinet order, are those that live or grow in Japan (Article 4)[3]
  • International Endangered Species, as designated by Cabinet order, and excluding National Endangered Species, are those for which arrangements have been made, aimed at their conservation, through international cooperation (Article 4)[3]
  • Temporarily Designated Endangered Species, with an Urgent Endangered Species Designation, are those, without protection as NES and IES, so designated, for a period of no more than three years, by the Minister of the Environment (Article 5)[3]
  • Designated Nationally Endangered Species, as designated by Cabinet order, are those that may be commercially bred or propagated and are not subject to arrangements, aimed at their conservation, through international cooperation (Article 4)[3]
  • No organism from a NES or Temporarily Designated Endangered Species may be captured, collected, killed, or harmed without a permit, specified commercial purpose, or other specified unavoidable grounds (Article 9–19)[3]
  • Those with legitimate title to organisms or body parts of IES shall arrange registration (Article 20–29)[3]
  • Where the Minister of the Environment deems it necessary for conservation of a NES, a Natural Habitat Protection Area may be designated, involving specification of the area (including managed, restricted, and monitoring zones), the NES, and related guidelines (Article 36–44)[3]
  • Programs for the rehabilitation of natural habitats and the maintenance of viable populations may be required (Article 45–48)[3]

National Endangered Species

As of 4 January 2021, 395 NES have been designated.[4]

Birds

45 NES:

Mammals

15 NES:

Reptiles

11 NES:

Amphibians

14 NES:

Fish

10 NES:

Insects

52 NES:

  • Tamamushia virida virida

Molluscs

48 NES

Crustaceans

6 NES:

  • Paratya boninensis
  • Paraleptuca boninensis
  • Amamiku occulta
  • Geothelphusa levicervix
  • Geothelphusa miyakoensis
  • Geothelphusa tenuimanus

Vascular plants

194 NES (including 63 Designated Nationally Endangered Species that are commercially propagated):

International Endangered Species

As of 1 July 2021, 217 birds have been designated IES in accordance with international migratory bird agreements, with other IES corresponding to those listed in the CITES Appendices.[5]

Temporarily Designated Endangered Species

As of 1 July 2021, three species are subject to Urgent Endangered Species Designation (until 30 June 2024):[5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Nature Conservation in Japan (Section 6): Wildlife Protection". Ministry of the Environment. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  2. ↑ "Protection of Endangered Species: Wildlife Conservation in Japan". Ministry of the Environment. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Act on Conservation of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora". Ministry of Justice. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  4. ↑ 国内希少野生動植物種一覧 [List of National Endangered Species] (in Japanese). Ministry of the Environment. 4 January 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  5. 1 2 種の保存法における規制対象種一覧 [List of Species with Controls in Place under the Species Conservation Law] (in Japanese). Ministry of the Environment. 1 July 2021. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
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