Eriocapitella hupehensis
Japanese anemones have yellow stamens and five white or pink sepals.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Ranunculaceae
Genus: Eriocapitella
Species:
E. hupehensis
Binomial name
Eriocapitella hupehensis
(É.Lemoine) Christenh. & Byng
Synonyms[1]
List
    • Anemone hupehensis (É.Lemoine) É.Lemoine
    • Anemone hupehensis f. alba W.T.Wang
    • Anemone japonica var. hupehensis É.Lemoine
    • Anemone matsudae (Yamam.) Tamura

Eriocapitella hupehensis, a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, is native to Asia.[1] The specific epithet hupehensis, which means "from Hupeh (Hupei, Hubei) province, China",[2] refers to a region where the species is known to occur. In Chinese, it is called dǎ pò wǎn huā huā (打破碗花花),[3] which means "broken bowl flower".[4]

Description

Eriocapitella hupehensis is a perennial herbaceous plant with a rhizome-like root structure. It is a clump-forming plant with 3–5 basal leaves, each with a petiole 5 to 35 cm (2 to 14 in) long. The leaf blades are ternate with a central leaflet 4 to 10 cm (1.6 to 3.9 in) long and 3 to 10 cm (1.2 to 3.9 in) wide. The lateral leaflets are similar to but smaller than the central leaflet. The stem is 30 to 100 cm (12 to 39 in) long, occasionally up to 120 cm (47 in) long. A whorl of 3 leaves (technically bracts) wraps around the stem. The stem leaves are similar in appearance to the basal leaves but somewhat smaller. The inflorescence is a cyme with 2 or 3 branches and a primary flower stalk 3 to 10 cm (1.2 to 3.9 in) long. Each flower is approximately 5 cm (2.0 in) across. In its native habitat, the flower usually has 5 sepals (no petals) but cultivated plants have double flowers with around 20 sepals. The sepals may be purple, purple-red, pink or white. In the center of the flower, there are more than 100 pistils each 1.5 mm long, surrounded by prominent yellow stamens approximately 5 mm (0.2 in) long. The fruits are small ovoid achenes with straight styles.[3]

Taxonomy

Eriocapitella hupehensis was described by Maarten J. M. Christenhusz and James W. Byng in 2018.[5] Like other members of genus Eriocapitella, E. hupehensis was formerly a member of genus Anemone. The basionym Anemone japonica var. hupehensis Lemoine was described in 1908.[6]

Distribution

Eriocapitella hupehensis is native to Asia, in the Eastern Himalaya region, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.[3]

The species was introduced into Czechoslovakia, Ecuador, and Germany.[1]

Ecology

Eriocapitella hupehensis along with four other taxa (E. × hybrida, E. japonica, E. tomentosa, and E.  vitifolia) are known as fall-blooming anemones.[7] In its native habitat, E. hupehensis flowers from July to October.[3]

Cultivation

Eriocapitella hupehensis and its cultivars are cultivated worldwide, especially in Asia, Europe, and South America, where naturalized populations are known to exist. In China, E. hupehensis has been cultivated since at least the 17th century, probably dating back to the Tang dynasty (618–907). Hundreds of years ago, a semi-double form of E. hupehensis escaped cultivation and spread across China to Japan and Korea. This descendant of E. hupehensis, now known as E. japonica, is a parent of the artificial hybrid E. × hybrida.[8][7][9]

At the Chicago Botanic Garden, Rudy experimented with 26 cultivars of fall-blooming anemones over a 5-year period beginning in 1998. His experiments included three cultivars of E. hupehensis:[7]

Cultivar Flower color Flower form Height Width Bloom period Bloom length
E. hupehensis 'Hadspen Abundance'[10] pale purple single 27 in. 40 in. mid Sep-early Nov 45.2 days
E. hupehensis 'Praecox'[11] pink single 50 in. 33 in. late Jul-early Oct 51.8 days
E. hupehensis 'Superba'[12] lavender pink semi-double 26 in. 29 in. early Sep-early Nov 47.2 days

As of March 2020, the following cultivars have gained the Award of Garden Merit (AGM) from the Royal Horticultural Society:[13]

  • E. hupehensis 'Bowles's Pink'[14]
  • E. hupehensis 'Hadspen Abundance'

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Eriocapitella hupehensis (É.Lemoine) Christenh. & Byng". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  2. ↑ Gledhill (2008), p. 205.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Wang, Wencai; Ziman, Svetlana N.; Dutton, Bryan E. "Anemone hupehensis". Flora of China. Vol. 6 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  4. ↑ "Chinese-English online translator and dictionary". Yandex Translate. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  5. ↑ "Eriocapitella hupehensis (É.Lemoine) Christenh. & Byng". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 2020-12-23.
  6. ↑ "Anemone japonica var. hupehensis É.Lemoine". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  7. 1 2 3 Rudy (2004).
  8. ↑ Herman (2004).
  9. ↑ Klingaman, Gerald (13 October 2006). "Japanese anemone". University of Arkansas, Division of Agriculture Cooperative Extension Service. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 2010-01-07.
  10. ↑ "Anemone hupehensis 'Hadspen Abundance'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  11. ↑ "Anemone hupehensis 'Praecox'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  12. ↑ "Anemone hupehensis 'Superba'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  13. ↑ "Ornamentals AGM Plants March 2020" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  14. ↑ "Anemone hupehensis 'Bowles's Pink'". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 23 February 2020.

Bibliography

  • Gledhill, David (2008). The Names of Plants (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-86645-3.
  • Herman, Robert (2004). "Fall-blooming anemones". Fine Gardening. 99: 48–52. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
  • RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1-4053-3296-5.
  • Rudy, Mark R. (2004). "Fall-blooming Anemones" (PDF). Plant Evaluation Notes, Issue 25. Chicago Botanic Garden. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
  • Wang, Wei; Lu, An-Ming; Ren, Yi; Endress, Mary E.; Chen, Zhi-Duan (January 2009). "Phylogeny and classification of Ranunculales: Evidence from four molecular loci and morphological data". Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics. 11 (2): 81–110. doi:10.1016/j.ppees.2009.01.001.
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