Saint

Eustathius of Antioch
Bishop of Antioch
In officeCirca 320 A.D.
PredecessorPhilogonius
SuccessorPaulinus I
Personal details
Born
Side, Roman Empire
(modern-day Side, Turkey)
DiedCirca 360 A.D.
Traianopolis, Roman Empire
(modern-day Alexandroupoli, Greece)
Sainthood
Feast day16 July in the Roman Catholic Church
21 February in Eastern Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy
Venerated inCatholic Church
Eastern Orthodox Church
AttributesBishop

Eustathius of Antioch, sometimes surnamed the Great, was a Christian bishop and archbishop of Antioch in the 4th century. His feast day in the Eastern Orthodox Church is February 21.

Life

He was a native of Side in Pamphylia. About 320 he was bishop of Beroea, and he became patriarch of Antioch shortly before the Council of Nicaea in 325. In that assembly he distinguished himself zealously against the Arians, though the Allocutio ad Imperatorem with which he has been credited is probably not by him.[1]

His anti-Arian polemic against Eusebius of Nicomedia made him unpopular among his fellow bishops in the East, and a synod convened at Antioch in 330 deposed him for adultery,[2] which was confirmed by the emperor.[1]

In the dispute with Eustathius of Antioch, who opposed the growing influence of Origen and his practice of an allegorical exegesis of scripture, seeing in his theology the roots of Arianism, Eusebius, an admirer of Origen, was reproached by Eustathius for deviating from the Nicene faith, who was charged in turn with Sabellianism. Eustathius was accused, condemned, and deposed at a synod in Antioch. The people of Antioch rebelled against this action,[3] while the anti-Eustathians proposed Eusebius as the new bishop, but he declined. He was banished to Trajanopolis in Thrace, where he died, probably about 337, though possibly not until 370.[4]

The people of Antioch, who loved and revered their patriarch, became indignant at the injustice done to him and were ready to take up arms in his defence. But Eustathius kept them in check, exhorted them to remain true to the orthodox faith and humbly left for his place of exile, accompanied by a large body of his clergy. His adherents in Antioch formed a separate community by the name of "Eustathians" and refused to acknowledge the bishops set over them by the Arians. When, after the death of Eustathius, Meletius became Bishop of Antioch in 360 by the united vote of the Arians and the orthodox, the Eustathians would not recognize him, even after his election was approved by the Synod of Alexandria in 362. Their intransigent attitude gave rise to two factions among the orthodox, the so-called Meletian schism, which lasted till the second decade of the fifth century.[5]

The only complete work by Eustathius is the De Engastrimytho contra Origenem.[6]

The Commentary on the Hexameron attributed to him in the manuscripts is too late to be authentic.

References

  1. 1 2 One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Eustathius, of Antioch". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 957.
  2. ↑ Philostorgius, in Photius, Epitome of the Ecclesiastical History of Philostorgius, book 2, chapter 7.
  3. ↑ Eusebius 'Life of Constantine' III.49
  4. ↑ Socrates Scholasticus. "Ecclesiastical History".
  5. ↑ Ott, Michael. "St. Eustathius." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 29 July 2018 Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  6. ↑ Comprehensive critical edition of Eustathius's oeuvre in Eustathius Antiochenus, Opera omnia. J.H. Declerck (ed.), Turnhout: Brepols, 2002 (Corpus Christianorum Series Graeca, 51), CDLXII+288 p., 155 x 245 mm, 2002 ISBN 978-2-503-40511-7
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