Exodus: Gods and Kings
A man in front of rising waves
Theatrical release poster
Directed byRidley Scott
Written by
Based onBook of Exodus
from the Bible
Produced by
Starring
CinematographyDariusz Wolski
Edited byBilly Rich
Music byAlberto Iglesias
Production
companies
Distributed by20th Century Fox
Release date
  • December 12, 2014 (2014-12-12) (United States)
Running time
150 minutes[1]
Countries
  • United States
  • United Kingdom
  • France[2]
LanguageEnglish
Budget$140–200 million[3][4]
Box office$268.2 million[3]

Exodus: Gods and Kings is a 2014 biblical epic film directed and produced by Ridley Scott, and written by Adam Cooper, Bill Collage, Jeffrey Caine, and Steven Zaillian. The film stars Christian Bale, Joel Edgerton, John Turturro, Aaron Paul, Ben Mendelsohn, Sigourney Weaver, and Ben Kingsley. It is inspired by the biblical episode of the Exodus of the Hebrews from Egypt led by Moses and related in the Book of Exodus. Development on the film was first announced by Scott in June 2012. Filming occurred primarily in Spain beginning in October 2013, with additional filming at Pinewood Studios in England.

The film was released on December 12, 2014 by 20th Century Fox, to poor reviews. Critics praised the visual effects and cast performances, but criticized its pacing, screenplay, lack of emotional heft, and inaccuracy to the source material. The film also received accusations of whitewashing for its primarily Caucasian cast, and was banned in Egypt and in the United Arab Emirates for "historical inaccuracies". It was considered a financial disappointment, earning $268 million worldwide on a budget of $140–200 million.

Plot

In 1300 BC, Moses, a general and accepted member of the Egyptian royal family, prepares to attack an encamped Hittite army with Prince Ramesses at Kadesh. A High Priestess divines a prophecy from animal intestines, which she relates to Ramesses's father, Seti I. He tells the two men of the prophecy, in which one (either Moses or Ramesses) will save the other and become a leader. During the battle, Moses saves Ramesses' life, leaving both men troubled. Later, Moses volunteers to go to the city of Pithom in place of his cousin to meet with the Viceroy Hegep, who oversees the Hebrew slaves. Upon his arrival, he encounters the slave Joshua being lashed and is appalled by the conditions of the slaves. Moses meets with the slave elders to see if the slaves are planning on sedition as claimed by the Viceroy. After said meetings, Moses receives a message via Joshua that Nun is looking for him. Moses finds Nun in the prayer house where Nun informs him of his true lineage; he is the child of Hebrew parents who was sent by his sister Miriam to be raised by Pharaoh's daughter (he was born during the extermination of the Jewish heirs). Moses is stunned at the revelation and leaves angrily; during which he is attacked by two guards whom he quickly kills. However, two Hebrews overhear Nun's story and report it to the Viceroy.

Moses returns home where soon after Seti dies, and Ramesses becomes the new Pharaoh (Ramesses II). Hegep reveals Moses's true lineage to Ramesses, but Ramesses is unconvinced. At the urging of Queen Tuya, he interrogates the servant Miriam, who denies being Moses's sister. When Ramesses threatens to cut off her arm, Moses intervenes and confirms he is a Hebrew. Although Tuya wants Moses killed, Ramesses, still unwilling to believe the story, exiles him instead. Before leaving Egypt, Moses meets with his adopted mother and Miriam, who refer to him by his birth name of Moshe. Following a journey into the desert, Moses comes to Midian where he meets Zipporah and her father, Jethro. Moses becomes a shepherd, marries Zipporah, and has a son, Gershom.

Years later, Moses is injured in a rockslide. He encounters a burning bush and a boy, a messenger of the God of Abraham. While recovering, Moses reveals his past to Zipporah and reveals what God has asked him to do. This drives a wedge between the couple, but Moses leaves anyway. In Egypt, Moses reunites with Nun and Joshua, and meets his brother Aaron for the first time. Moses confronts Ramesses, demanding the Hebrews be released from servitude. Ramesses refuses to listen, insisting that freeing them is economically impossible. Upon Moses threatening Ramesses's life, Ramesses orders Moses's death, and the killing of random Hebrew families until Moses is found. Using his military skills, Moses trains the slaves and leads them in an insurgency, prompting Ramesses to retaliate harshly. God's messenger appears to Moses and explains that ten plagues will affect Egypt. The first nine plagues deal massive damage to Egypt and its people, but Ramesses does not back down, even oppressing his own people to maintain his position. Moses is horrified to learn from God that the tenth plague will be the death of all firstborn children but follows through with the plan, instructing the Hebrews to protect themselves by covering their doors with lambs' blood. That night, all of Egypt's firstborn children die, including Ramesses's infant son. Ramesses, devastated, surrenders, allowing the Hebrews to leave.

During the Exodus, the Hebrews follow Moses's original path through the desert towards the Red Sea. Still grieving his son, Ramesses assembles his army and gives chase. After making their way through a dangerous mountain pass, Moses and the Hebrews arrive at the edge of the sea, uncertain about what to do. In despair, Moses flings his sword into the sea, which recedes and clears a path to the opposite side. Ramesses and his army continue the pursuit, but Moses stays behind to confront them. The Red Sea reverts, drowning the majority of the Egyptians who are still crossing. Moses survives and rejoins the Hebrews. Ramesses also survives, distraught over the destruction of his army. Moses leads the Hebrews back to Midian, where he reunites with Zipporah and Gershom. At Mount Sinai, Moses transcribes the Ten Commandments. Years later, an elderly Moses riding with the Ark of the Covenant sees God's messenger walking with the Hebrews through the desert.

Cast

Anton Alexander has a small role as the Israelite Dathan, while Kevork Malikyan appears as Zipporah's father, Jethro.

Production

Development and writing

In June 2012, Ridley Scott announced that he was developing an adaptation of the Book of Exodus, tentatively titled Moses.[5][6] On March 27, 2014, the studio changed the title of the film from Exodus to Exodus: Gods and Kings.[7]

Some controversy and criticism arose concerning biblical accuracy of the script and its portrayal. Ridley Scott publicly stated that he would be looking to natural causes for the miracles, including drainage from a tsunami for the parting of the Red Sea.[8] According to Scott, the parting of the Red Sea was caused by a tsunami believed to have been triggered by an underwater earthquake off the Italian coast around 3000 BC.[9] Christian Bale said of Moses, whom he portrayed, "I think the man was likely schizophrenic and was one of the most barbaric individuals that I ever read about in my life."[10] Author Brian Godawa responded, "It's accurate to portray Moses as an imperfect hero, so Christians won't take issue with that, but to be so extreme as to call him one of the most barbaric people in history, that sounds like he's going out of his way to distance himself from the very people you’d think he wants to appeal to."[11] The CEO of Faith-Driven Consumer, Chris Stone, criticized Bale's comments, "There's nothing in the biblical history that supports that. It's an indication that there will be a tremendous disconnect between Bale’s interpretation and the expectations of the market"[11] and suggested that Christians would not go to cinemas to see the film.[12]

Coincidentally, in 2011, Warner Bros. Pictures was working on its own Moses film, titled Gods and Kings, with Michael Green and Staurt Hazeldine scribing from a treatment by Matti Lesham, and Dan Lin and Lesham producing; Steven Spielberg was being eyed to direct.[13] The following year, Spielberg was nearing commitment on the project.[14] However, in 2013, Speilberg dropped from the project, with the last update stating Ang Lee was being eyed as replacement.[15]

Casting

The casting of the film, particularly the role of Moses being played by Christian Bale, saw some backlash from critics.

On March 15, 2013, Deadline Hollywood reported Scott wanted Christian Bale to star in the film;[16] in August he confirmed the role to be Moses.[17] On the same day, Joel Edgerton joined the cast to play Ramses after Oscar Isaac turned down the role.[18][19] The studio announced the casting calls in Spain's Almería and Pechina for 3,000 to 4,000 extras, and on the island of Fuerteventura for another 1,000 to 2,000 extras.[20] On August 27, Aaron Paul joined the film to play Joshua.[21] Sigourney Weaver, Ben Kingsley, and John Turturro were then still negotiating about joining the cast.[22]

The Sydney Morning Herald and Christian Today reported that the casting of white actors in the lead roles was being criticized.[23][24] Four white actors were cast to play the Hebrew and Egyptian lead characters: Christian Bale as Moses, Joel Edgerton as Ramses II, Sigourney Weaver as Queen Tuya, and Aaron Paul as Joshua. The Sydney Morning Herald also reported the online community's observations that the film gives a European profile to the Great Sphinx of Giza.[23] Christian Today reported that an online petition was underway. It also compared Exodus to the 1956 film The Ten Commandments with its all-white cast and said, "The racial climate, number of black actors, and opportunities provided to them were very different in 1956, however."[24] Some Twitter users called for a boycott of the film.[25][26]

More so, Forbes' Scott Mendelson said that the film did not need to be "whitewashed" and stated that "Even if we accept the argument that Moses had to be played by a world-renowned movie star and that in all likelihood that meant a white actor, I do not accept the idea that the rest of the main cast needed to be filled out with Caucasian actors of varying recognizability."[27]

Scott responded that without the casting of big-name actors, the film would never have been approved by the studio. He said, "I can't mount a film of this budget...and say that my lead actor is Mohammad so-and-so from such-and-such...I'm just not going to get financed,"[28][29] and that those seeking to boycott the film on such grounds should "get a life".[30] Bale also defended the casting of the film, suggesting audiences need to support big budgeted films starring people of color and stating, "The change will come from independent filmmaking, but audiences have to be there. Because once that happens, financiers of bigger and bigger budget films will say, 'We can actually do business here.'"[31]

Filming and post-production

Exodus set in Pechina, Andalusia, Spain

Shooting of the film began in October 2013 in Almería, Spain.[32] Additional filming was scheduled at Pinewood Studios, England.[33] Shooting began on October 22 in Tabernas as the first and main location was Ouarzazate (Morocco), and in Sierra Alhamilla.[34] The Red Sea scene was filmed at a beach on Fuerteventura, one of the Canary Islands off the northwest coast of Africa.[35] Shooting lasted 74 days.[9]

VFX supervisor Peter Chiang supervised the film's visual effects.[35] He said that "Ridley wanted to convey the sense that everything could be natural phenomenon, like an eclipse or tsunami, not just someone waving a stick at the sea."[36]

More than 1,500 visual effects shots were created to digitally bolster the ranks of the Hebrews and to help authentically render plagues of hail, locusts, and frogs,[9] although 400 live frogs were used on the set.[35] There were 400,000 humans depicted in total, with 30 to 40 people accompanying Bale while crossing the Red Sea and the rest being computer generated. CGI produced the 180-foot wave, the horses, and the chariots.[35] In close-up shots of people fleeing across the sea bed, the filmmakers used the beach's real waters.[35] For the hailstorm scene, the special effects team built 30 special cannons that would fire polymer balls to bounce and shatter with the same characteristics as an ice ball. The distant hail is a computer simulation.[35]

In an interview for Access Hollywood, Scott claimed there is a "final" version of the film 4 hours long.[37]

Music

On July 8, 2014, it was announced that Alberto Iglesias would be scoring the music for the film with additional music by Harry Gregson-Williams.[38]

Release

The film was released on the first weekend of December 4 and 5 on 6,462 screens and in markets such as South Korea, Mexico, Hong Kong, India.[39] Nationwide release in North America was on December 12 in 3,503 theaters.[40] It was released in the United Kingdom on December 26. It was released in 2D, 3D, and IMAX 3D.[41]

Exodus was banned in Egypt. The Egyptian culture minister described it as "a Zionist film", and said it was banned because of "historical inaccuracies", such as creating a false impression that Moses and the Jews built the pyramids.[42][43][44]

In Morocco, the state-run Moroccan Cinema Centre (CCM) initially approved the film's screening, but officials banned it on the day before its premiere because of the personification of the voice of God. After some of the film's dialogue had been edited, the film was subsequently approved for screening.[45]

The film was also denied release in the United Arab Emirates. Authorities said they had found "many mistakes" in the story. The director of Media Content Tracking at the National Media Council explained: "This movie is under our review and we found that there are many mistakes not only about Islam but other religions too. So, we will not release it in the UAE."[46]

The film was dedicated to director Ridley Scott's brother Tony Scott, who died on August 19, 2012.

Reception

Box office

Exodus: Gods and Kings grossed $65 million in the U.S. and Canada and $203 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $268.2 million.[3] The film earned $8.7 million on its opening day (including previews) in the United States.[47][48] The film topped the box office during its opening weekend with $24.1 million.[49]

Outside North America, the film was released in 10 markets on December 4–5 and earned $23.1 million from 6,462 screens on its opening weekend.[39] The following week it earned $17.8 million from 27 international markets, coming at second place at the box office behind The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies.[50] The film was number one in 13 markets.[51] In its third week, the film added $30.9 million from 39 markets and was still halted at number two behind The Battle of the Five Armies.[52]

The highest openings came from Russia ($8 million),[53] Brazil ($6.68 million), South Korea ($6.2 million), Mexico ($5.4 million), France ($5.35 million), the UK ($4.25 million), Spain ($3.7 million), and Germany ($3.64 million).[52][54][55] At the end of its theatrical run, Spain proved to be the most successful country with $18.1 million followed by Russia, Brazil, France, and the UK.[56]

Critical response

Exodus: Gods and Kings received poor reviews from critics.[57] They praised its acting performances and technical achievements, but criticized its pacing, thin screenwriting, and lack of character development.[58] The film veered creatively from the Bible, and Scott's honesty about his own atheism did not help its potential appeal to a religious audience.[59] On Rotten Tomatoes the film holds an approval rating of 30% based on 210 reviews, with an average rating of 5/10. The critic's consensus reads: "While sporadically stirring, and suitably epic in its ambitions, Exodus: Gods and Kings can't quite live up to its classic source material."[60] Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 52 out of 100, based on 42 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[61] Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade "B−" on scale of A to F.[62]

Stephen Farber of The Hollywood Reporter gave a positive review and said, "Scott did a great job reviving the Roman sand-and-sandals epic when he made the Oscar-winning Gladiator. This Egyptian saga is not quite in the same league, but it confirms the director's flair for widescreen imagery. Exodus has the added kick of 3D technology, and it has enough eye-popping set pieces to please adventure fans."[63] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone was positive toward the film and said, "Exodus is a biblical epic that comes at you at maximum velocity but stays stirringly, inspiringly human."[64] Reagan Gavin Rasquinha of The Times of India gave the film 4 out of 5 stars and said, "Exodus: Gods and Kings is 'spectacle' with a capital 'S' and in more ways than one, definitely epic."[65] Catherine Shoard of The Guardian gave 3 out of 5 stars and said, "It’s impossible not to feel some awe at the spectacle, but more shocks would have helped see you through the two-and-a-half hour running time."[66] Phillips Hawker of The Sydney Morning Herald gave a mixed review and awarded the film 3 out of 5 stars, saying, "Exodus: Gods And Kings... lacks Gladiator's full-on intensity and committed central performances, however; it's a mixture of the grand and the bland, and when it's not spectacular it's a little plodding."[67] Justin Chang of Variety said, "Some may well desire a purer, fuller version of the story, one more faithful to the text and less clearly shaped by the demands of the Hollywood blockbuster. But on its own grand, imperfect terms, Exodus: Gods and Kings is undeniably transporting, marked by a free-flowing visual splendor that plays to its creator's unique strengths: Given how many faith-based movies are content to tell their audiences what to think or feel, it's satisfying to see one whose images alone are enough to compel awestruck belief."[68] Jim Vejvoda of IGN said, "Director Ridley Scott gets lost in the desert at times in Exodus: Gods and Kings, his epic, but not entirely effective take on the story of Moses's journey from an Egyptian Royal to Hebrew leader."[69]

On the negative side, Scott Mendelson of Forbes criticized the film for being too "dark" and "gritty", saying that the film lacked in humor and excitement, offering little nuance and little artistic interpretation beyond hitting the expected goal posts. He added, "Ridley Scott’s Exodus: Gods and Kings is a terrible film. It is a badly acted and badly written melodrama that takes what should be a passionate and emotionally wrenching story and drains it of all life and all dramatic interest."[70] Pete Hammond of Deadline Hollywood said, "Ridley Scott [can] do a plague well, and here, he gets to do 10 of them. But is this oh-so-familiar tale still fresh enough to get people into theaters in the droves needed to make back the very high production values that we see on screen?"[71] Alonso Duralde of The Wrap also gave a negative review and said, "If you're going into Exodus: Gods and Kings thinking that director Ridley Scott is going to give the Moses story anything we didn't already get from Cecil B. DeMille in two versions of The Ten Commandments, prepare to be disappointed."[72]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "EXODUS: GODS AND KINGS [2D] (12A)". British Board of Film Classification. November 21, 2014. Archived from the original on April 5, 2015. Retrieved November 21, 2014.
  2. ↑ "Exodus Gods and Kings (2014)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on June 27, 2015. Retrieved December 15, 2014.
  3. 1 2 3 "Exodus: Gods and Kings (2014)". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on May 7, 2016. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
  4. ↑ FilmL.A. (May 2015). "2014 Feature Film Study" (PDF). FilmL.A. Feature Film Study. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 12, 2017. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
  5. ↑ Ridley Scott (June 4, 2012). "Q+A: Ridley Scott's Star Wars". Esquire (Interview). Interviewed by Eric Spitznagel. Hearst Corporation. Archived from the original on March 19, 2015. Retrieved April 18, 2015. I've got something else in the works. I'm already doing it. It's called Moses...Seriously, seriously. It's going to happen.
  6. ↑ Chitwood, Adam (June 4, 2012). "Ridley Scott Says He's Working on the Biblical Adaptation MOSES". Collider. Archived from the original on March 21, 2015. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
  7. ↑ Tapley, Kristopher (March 27, 2014). "Ridley Scott's 'Exodus' with Christian Bale gets a title change". hitfix.com. Archived from the original on March 28, 2014. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
  8. ↑ Vilkomerson, Sara (October 23, 2014). "How Ridley Scott looked to science -- not miracles -- to part the Red Sea in 'Exodus: Gods and Kings'". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on November 10, 2014. Retrieved November 19, 2014.
  9. 1 2 3 Gina Mcintyre (December 4, 2014). "Ridley Scott's 'Exodus' casts a wide net of spectacle and family". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 7, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2014.
  10. ↑ Kumar, Anugrah (October 26, 2014). "Moses was 'Barbaric, Schizophrenic,' Says 'Exodus: Gods and Kings' Actor Christian Bale". The Christian Post. Archived from the original on November 12, 2014. Retrieved November 19, 2014.
  11. 1 2 Bond, Paul (October 25, 2014). "Christian Bale Calls Moses "Barbaric," "Schizophrenic" Ahead of 'Exodus' Release". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on November 11, 2014. Retrieved November 19, 2014.
  12. ↑ Herman, Barbara (October 28, 2014). "'Exodus' Controversies: Christian Bale's 'Barbaric' Moses And All-White Cast Stir Up Critics". International Business Times. Archived from the original on December 5, 2014. Retrieved November 19, 2014.
  13. ↑ Fleming, Mike Jr. (September 28, 2011). "Warner Bros Goes To The Mountaintop For Moses Epic". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved November 23, 2023.
  14. ↑ Flenke, Nikki; Fleming Jr., Mike (January 25, 2012). "Steven Spielberg Near Commitment To Direct Moses Epic For Warner Bros". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved November 23, 2023.
  15. ↑ Fleming, Mike Jr. (March 14, 2023). "Tom Hooper, Ang Lee, David Fincher And Steven Spielberg Eye Intriguing Movies". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Media Corporation. Retrieved November 23, 2023.
  16. ↑ "Christian Bale Eyeing Moses?". deadline.com. March 14, 2013. Archived from the original on September 23, 2013. Retrieved September 16, 2013.
  17. ↑ "'EXODUS' Confirms Christian Bale as Moses, Casting Joel Edgerton as Ramses". screencrush.com. August 13, 2013. Archived from the original on September 16, 2013. Retrieved September 16, 2013.
  18. ↑ "Joel Edgerton to Battle Christian Bale in 'Exodus'". variety.com. August 13, 2013. Archived from the original on June 28, 2017. Retrieved September 16, 2013.
  19. ↑ Oscar Isaac, J.C. Chandor Team Up for ‘A Most Violent Year’ (Exclusive)
  20. ↑ "'Moses' Calls For Extras In Spain; Masses Flock". deadline.com. August 20, 2013. Archived from the original on September 23, 2013. Retrieved September 16, 2013.
  21. ↑ "'Breaking Bad' Star Aaron Paul Joins Christian Bale in Moses Biblical Drama 'Exodus'". variety.com. August 27, 2013. Archived from the original on September 26, 2013. Retrieved September 16, 2013.
  22. ↑ "Ridley Scott In 'Exodus' Talks With Ben Kingsley, John Turturro, Sigourney Weaver, Aaron Paul". deadline.com. August 27, 2013. Archived from the original on September 23, 2013. Retrieved September 16, 2013.
  23. 1 2 Begley, Patrick (July 29, 2014). "Ridley Scott's Exodus film cops complaints about 'racist' casting of Joel Edgerton and Sigourney Weaver". Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on July 29, 2014. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
  24. 1 2 Marie, Brownie (July 21, 2014). "'Exodus: Gods and Kings' faces boycott calls over all-white lead cast". Christian Today. Archived from the original on July 25, 2014. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
  25. ↑ Dickerson, Jessica (July 8, 2014). "'Exodus: Gods And Kings' Film Sparks Backlash For Whitewashing Characters". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on August 9, 2014. Retrieved August 10, 2014.
  26. ↑ Diaz, Evelyn (August 8, 2014). "Ridley Scott's Exodus Accused of Racism – Biblical epic features only white heroes, Black slaves and villains". Black Entertainment Television. Archived from the original on August 11, 2014. Retrieved August 10, 2014.
  27. ↑ Mendelson, Scott (December 15, 2014). "Why 'Exodus' Didn't Need to Be Whitewashed". Forbes. Retrieved December 16, 2014.
  28. ↑ Scott Foundas (November 25, 2014). "'Exodus: Gods and Kings': Ridley Scott on Walking in Moses' Sandels – Variety". Variety. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved December 9, 2017.
  29. ↑ "BBC One – Film 2014, Episode 13". BBC. Archived from the original on January 1, 2015. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
  30. ↑ "Scott, Bale defend 'Exodus' casting". Associated Press. December 8, 2014. Archived from the original on December 27, 2014. Retrieved December 28, 2014.
  31. ↑ Lee, Ashley (December 8, 2014). "Christian Bale Defends 'Exodus' Casting, A New Kind of Moses and Epic Special Effects". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved June 13, 2020.
  32. ↑ Vilkomerson, Sara (July 1, 2014). "First look: Christian Bale as Moses in Ridley Scott's 'Exodus'". ew.com. Archived from the original on July 1, 2014. Retrieved July 2, 2014.
  33. ↑ "Exodus". Pinewood Studios. Archived from the original on June 10, 2020. Retrieved June 10, 2020.
  34. ↑ "'Exodus': Filmmaker Ridley Scott begins filming in Almeria, Spain". digitaljournal.com. October 24, 2013. Archived from the original on October 27, 2013. Retrieved October 25, 2013.
  35. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Don Steinberg (November 16, 2015). "Special Effects Enliven 'Exodus' Epic". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on March 28, 2015. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
  36. ↑ Scott Bowles (November 25, 2015). "Noah and Exodus: Gods and Kings presented VFX challenges of biblical proportions". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on March 25, 2015. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
  37. ↑ "Christian Bale & Ridley Scott: The Role CGI Plays In 'Exodus'". accesshollywood.com. December 1, 2014. Archived from the original on March 6, 2015. Retrieved December 8, 2014.
  38. ↑ "Alberto Iglesias to Score Ridley Scott's 'Exodus: Gods and Kings'". filmmusicreporter.com. July 8, 2014. Archived from the original on July 13, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  39. 1 2 Pamela McClintock (December 8, 2014). "Global Box Office: 'Exodus: Gods and Kings' Delivers $23 Million in Early Foreign Launch". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on December 8, 2014. Retrieved December 8, 2014.
  40. ↑ Ray Subers (December 11, 2014). "Forecast: 'Exodus' to Reign Supreme at the Box Office This Weekend". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on December 13, 2014. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
  41. ↑ "Exodus: Gods and Kings An IMAX 3D Experience". imax.com. Archived from the original on December 17, 2014. Retrieved December 16, 2014.
  42. ↑ "Egypt bans 'Zionist' film Exodus and cites 'historical inaccuracies'". The Guardian. December 26, 2014. Archived from the original on November 15, 2016. Retrieved December 11, 2016.
  43. ↑ "Egypt Reported to Ban Latest U.S. 'Exodus' Film". The New York Times. December 26, 2014. Archived from the original on December 31, 2014. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
  44. ↑ "Egypt bans 'inaccurate' Exodus film". December 26, 2014. Archived from the original on January 24, 2015. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
  45. ↑ Nancy Tartaglione (January 7, 2015). "Morocco Clears 'Exodus: Gods And Kings' For Release, With Tweaks (Report)". Deadline.com. Archived from the original on January 10, 2015. Retrieved January 7, 2015.
  46. ↑ Radhakrishnan, Manjusha (December 27, 2014). "'Exodus' will not release in the UAE". Gulf News. Archived from the original on December 30, 2014. Retrieved January 10, 2015.
  47. ↑ Anthony D'Alessandro (December 12, 2014). "Exodus', 'Top Five' Kickstart Weekend With Thursday Shows — UPDATE". Deadline.com. Archived from the original on December 15, 2014. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  48. ↑ Anthony D'Alessandro (December 13, 2014). "Moses Battles Plague Of Holiday Shoppers On Friday – Box Office". Deadline.com. Archived from the original on December 14, 2014. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  49. ↑ Ray Subers (December 14, 2014). "Weekend Report: 'Exodus' is Weak 'King'". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on December 31, 2014. Retrieved December 29, 2014.
  50. ↑ Ray Subers (December 14, 2014). "Around-the-World Roundup: 'Hobbit' Finale Opens to $122 Million Overseas". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on December 15, 2014. Retrieved December 15, 2014.
  51. ↑ Nancy Tartaglione (December 14, 2014). "Footloose 'Hobbit' Grows; 'Mockingjay' Tempers 'Fire': Intl Box Office Final". Deadline.com. Archived from the original on December 15, 2014. Retrieved December 15, 2014.
  52. 1 2 Nancy Tartaglione (December 29, 2014). "'Hobbit', 'Exodus' Lead XMas Frame; Euro, Korea Pics Boom Locally: Intl BO Update". Deadline.com. Archived from the original on December 29, 2014. Retrieved December 29, 2014.
  53. ↑ Nancy Tartaglione (January 4, 2015). "'Hobbit' Passes $500M; 'American Sniper', 'Taken 3′ Skillful: Intl Box Office Update". Deadline.com. Archived from the original on January 5, 2015. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
  54. ↑ Nancy Tartaglione (December 7, 2014). "'Exodus: Gods And Kings' Commands $23.1M In Overseas Debut: Intl Box Office". Deadline.com. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved December 8, 2014.
  55. ↑ Phil Hoad (December 10, 2014). "Global box office: Exodus grapples with Noah for top prophet margins". The Guardian. Archived from the original on December 13, 2014. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
  56. ↑ "Exodus: Gods and Kings". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on March 10, 2015. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
  57. ↑ Faughdner, Ryan (December 12, 2014). "'Exodus: Gods and Kings' rides in with $1.2 million Thursday night". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 12, 2014. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
  58. ↑ Sandy Schaefer (December 2, 2014). "'Exodus: Gods and Kings' Early Reviews: Ridley Scott's Epic Draws Mixed Reaction". Screenrant. Archived from the original on December 3, 2014. Retrieved December 4, 2014.
  59. ↑ Mike Fleming Jr (September 6, 2016). "Mel Gibson On His Venice Festival Comeback Picture 'Hacksaw Ridge' – Q&A". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on September 10, 2016. Retrieved September 11, 2016.
  60. ↑ "Exodus: Gods and Kings (2014)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. Archived from the original on August 19, 2019. Retrieved January 13, 2022.
  61. ↑ "Exodus: Gods and Kings Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  62. ↑ "Cinemascore". Archived from the original on December 20, 2018. Retrieved August 17, 2019.
  63. ↑ Stephen Farber (November 29, 2014). "'Exodus: Gods and Kings': Film Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on December 7, 2014. Retrieved December 7, 2014.
  64. ↑ Peter Travers (December 11, 2014). "Exodus: Gods and Kings". The Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on December 12, 2014. Retrieved December 12, 2014.
  65. ↑ Reagan Gavin Rasquinha (December 4, 2014). "Exodus: Gods and Kings". Times of India. Retrieved December 7, 2014.
  66. ↑ Catherine Shoard (November 29, 2014). "Exodus: Gods and Kings review – holy Moses, wholly acceptable for the devout". The Guardian. Archived from the original on December 8, 2014. Retrieved December 8, 2014.
  67. ↑ Phillipa Hawker (December 5, 2014). "Exodus: Gods and Kings review: Ridley Scott's biblical epic is equally inspired and plagued". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on December 6, 2014. Retrieved December 7, 2014.
  68. ↑ Justin Chang (November 29, 2014). "Film Review: 'Exodus: Gods and Kings'". Variety. Archived from the original on December 2, 2014. Retrieved December 7, 2014.
  69. ↑ Jim Vejvoda (December 3, 2014). "Exodus: Gods and Kings Review". IGN. Archived from the original on December 15, 2014. Retrieved December 7, 2014.
  70. ↑ Scott Mendelson (December 5, 2014). "Review: 'Exodus' Is God-Awful". Forbes. Archived from the original on December 5, 2014. Retrieved December 6, 2014.
  71. ↑ Pete Hammond (December 9, 2014). "'Exodus: Gods And Kings' Review: Pete Hammond On Great Hair And Great Plagues". Deadline.com. Archived from the original on May 7, 2015. Retrieved December 10, 2014.
  72. ↑ Alonso Duralde (November 29, 2014). "'Exodus: Gods and Kings' Review: Christian Bale Makes a Stiff White Moses in Ridley Scott's Stolid Epic". The Wrap. Archived from the original on December 1, 2014. Retrieved December 8, 2014.
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