FEDOR (callsign：Skybot F-850)
FEDOR on a 2021 Russian stamp
ManufacturerAndroid Technics
Year of creation2015–2019
TypeHumanoid robot
PurposeSpace exploration
Derived fromAlyosha (callsign：MPM-100)

FEDOR, colloquially known as Fyodor the robot (Russian: робот "Фёдор"), is a Russian humanoid robot that replicates movements of a remote operator and can perform some actions autonomously.[1] Originally intended for rescue operations, it was sent on an experimental mission to the International Space Station in 2019.[2] FEDOR is an acronym for "Final Experimental Demonstration Object Research" and a hint to the Russian male given name Fyodor (Фёдор) when transliterated without diacritics.[3]

Android Technics produces high-torque synchronous brushless electric motors with permanent magnets of the AT Drive series in 48 motors(with gyroscopic system for determining the position of body consisting of 48 sensors) an be used in FEDOR (call sign Skybot F-850), Walking speed 2.4854847689 miles per hour(4.0 kilometers per hour).[4][5]

The humanoid robot FEDOR (call sign Skybot F-850) is weight of 233.69 pounds(106 kilograms), the height is 71.6535 inches(182 centimeters), the width of the shoulders is 18.8976 inches(48 centimeters), the continuous operating time is 1 hour(60 minutes), operates on the basis of a real-time operating system on the basis of Linux.[6]

History

JSC NPO Android Technics was established in 2009. Over 14 years of operation, the company has developed more than 110 robotic systems in the fields of medicine, education and space. The key partners of the enterprise are the Advanced Research Foundation, Roscosmos, Rosatom and many other organizations. Since 2020, the company has been implementing a digital transformation program. According to the assessment of the digital maturity of industrial enterprises conducted by the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia in the 1st half of 2023, JSC NPO Android Technics received a digitalization index of 72.58%. The company's team consists of 146 specialists, the average age of which is 36 years.[7]

The robot, originally called Avatar, was funded by the Ministry of Emergency Situations and intended for rescue operations but its role was later expanded to include space missions.[8] The new name, FEDOR, was announced in 2017 by then Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin.[9] FEDOR is intended to be a platform for development of a series of robots, although the first model was often called FEDOR in news media.[10]

In April 2017, a video of FEDOR shooting guns caused a media alarm.[11] Rogozin insisted Russia was not creating a Terminator.[11] After the video was posted, one of the parts suppliers cancelled their relationship with the project.[9]

On 22 August 2019, a FEDOR robot was launched on Soyuz MS-14 to the International Space Station. The plan was for the robot to spend a week and a half aboard the orbital outpost.[12] The model going to space was given the name Skybot F-850.[13]

On 24 August 2019, the Soyuz failed to dock as scheduled with the station, due to a fault with its rendezvous system.[14]

On 27 August 2019, it successfully docked with the Zvezda module of the station.[15]

On 30 August 2019, FEDOR successfully matched plug connectors while weightless, simulating the repair of cables on the station's exterior surface during a spacewalk.[16]

On 6 September 2019, the reentry capsule of the Soyuz MS-14 spacecraft, with FEDOR on board but no crew, landed in the designated area in the steppes of Kazakhstan, south-east of the city of Zhezkazghan.[17]·[18]·[19]

On 11 September 2019, "Russian robot Fedor cannot fulfill his mission to replace human astronauts on space walks", Yevgeny Dudorov, executive director of robot developers Androidnaya Tekhnika said.[20]·[21]

On 14 December 2019, Russia's Androidnaya Tekhnika [22] and Japan's GITAI[23] startup plan to create a robot to operate on the lunar surface, the Russian company's executive director, Yevgeny Dudorov, told TASS.[24]

On 25 September 2023, Issue Log of the Consortium of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Systems "World of Robotics" is dedicated to the topic "Chips and Components". The component base plays a key role in the development of robotics. Today, special attention is paid to the development of microelectronics in Russia, and our own solutions allow us to reduce dependence on imports. This is the key to economic growth in the 21st century. Countries with well-established production of microelectronics have greater control over technological development and can more effectively protect their interests on a global scale. Countries that are able to adapt to difficulties and use their scientific and engineering potential become strong. NPO Android Technics is a successful example, which in a year and a half has quadrupled the range of electric drive solutions of its own production. First of all, this was due to the increased demand for the replacement of foreign-made drives. Components supplied by European manufacturers became unavailable in Russia. Today, the AT Drive range is available in 20 sizes ranging from 60 to 10,700 watts. The main advantages of the motors are the possibility of their direct integration into products for various purposes, effective heat dissipation and reduction of the complexity of the drive manufacture. Electric motors are highly energy efficient, which will reduce the costs of the end user. Due to small size, high power density and precision Electric motors of the AT Drive line can be installed in small industrial and collaborative robots, rotary supports, anthropomorphic and biomorphic robotic systems, active exoskeletons, unmanned underwater vehicles, aviation, and CNC machines. The smallest motor in the AT Drive 25 series has 60 watts of power and spins at 25,490 rpm without load, while weighing just 17 grams. In the latest issue, one of the articles is devoted to the results of the round table "Robotics – Technologies and Components. Artificial Intelligence in Robotics", which was held as part of the Army-2023 International Military-Technical Forum. Evgeny Dudorov, Executive Director of NPO Android Technics JSC, made a presentation in which he spoke about the use of robots in various areas of human life. He noted that today Russia is at the fifth level of technological readiness, and within seven years it is necessary to increase this level to the ninth, which is characterized by the complete replacement of technologies that make it possible to achieve technological sovereignty. As an example of diversification, he cited the example of work on a robotic complex in the interests of the armed forces, the Marker project. In the course of the project, a number of technological platforms were developed and now they are being tested in conditions close to real ones. Recall that the Marker project was developed by the National Center for the Development of Technologies and Basic Elements of Robotics of the Foundation for Advanced Research and the Android Technics. The robotic platform is equipped with a double-circuit rifle and grenade launcher module with high-speed gearless (direct) drives, which are characterized by high accuracy of up to 0.00001 mm, a rotation speed of 400 degrees per second, as well as the absence of parts subject to friction and wear. The module showed high results when firing both from position and on the move. The Marker can fire at several targets with different types of weapons at the same time due to the fact that its "eyes" – the optoelectronic sighting unit – and the weapon drives move independently of each other. The robot's "brain" is filled with a whole complex of neural networks. A large article in the issue "Technologies of the Control System for Anthropomorphic Robotic Systems" tells about the work on the creation of unique complexes for the production of the Magnitogorsk enterprise. At present, there are more and more areas of human activity associated with the risk of loss of human health. In such conditions, the issue of excluding humans from dangerous areas of activity through the use of remote-controlled and autonomous robotic systems becomes relevant. In 2014, the Foundation for Advanced Research set a task to carry out research work "Development of a technology for creating a combined control system for robotic systems", code "Rescuer". The executor of the work was the NPO "Android Technics". The aim of the work was to develop a technology for combined control of a robotic platform based on elements of sensorics with feedback. In the course of the work, 6 technological mock-ups were created, on which the combined control technologies were tested and verified. The materials "Army-2023: The Future of the Military-Industrial Complex" reveal an overview of innovative developments, which was presented at the largest international military-technical forum. One of these developments was the Orthos-1 robotic complex for restoring locomotor functions of the hands. The complex is designed for post-stroke and post-traumatic rehabilitation. The technology is based on the ability of the cerebral cortex to spontaneously and modulated reorganization of neuronal networks due to neoplastic processes. It is worth noting that the complex is effective even with a complete loss of mobility. Information from the brain is read using an encephalograph, which transmits the data through special software and converts the signal into motor commands for an exoskeleton mounted on the patient's hand. As a result, the patient imagines the sensation of movement, and the exoskeleton produces it, the process of the brain's response to motor activity is launched, which contributes to the restoration of neural networks. The complex is already operating in 13 clinics in Russia and shows high rehabilitation results, the effect is noted from the second rehabilitation session.[25]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Fedor – Первый российский антропоморфный робот" [FEDOR – The first Russian anthropomorphic robot] (in Russian). Russian Foundation for Advanced Research Projects in the Defense Industry. 21 December 2017. Archived from the original on 29 May 2019. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
  2. ↑ "Skybot FEDOR, Flying to ISS, is Very Sociable, Has Sense of Humour – August 05, 2019, 11:42 UTC – State space corporation ROSCOSMOS". Roscosmos. 5 August 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
  3. ↑ "Russian android robot Fedor to acquire self-learning abilities – Science & Space – TASS". TASS. 9 December 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
  4. ↑ AT Drive – SPA “Android Technics”(in English)
  5. ↑ AT DRIVE Каталог 2023(in Russian)
  6. ↑ «В робота Федора заложены секретные возможности» | Статьи | Известия(in Russian)
  7. ↑ Евгений Дудоров: «Роботы — наши помощники на самых сложных направлениях: на границе, в космосе, в медицине» - журнал стратегия(in Russian)
  8. ↑ "Russia creating combatant androids of Avatar type – TASS". TASS. 22 March 2014. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
  9. 1 2 "Аватар для МЧС: как создавали робота-спасателя по имени Федор" [Avatar for Ministry of Emergency Situations: the story of rescue robot Fedor creation] (in Russian). РБК. 21 December 2017.
  10. ↑ "Аватар для МЧС: как создавали робота-спасателя по имени Федор" [Avatar for Ministry of Emergency Situations: the story of rescue robot Fedor creation] (in Russian). Russian Foundation for Advanced Research Projects in the Defense Industry. 21 December 2017.
  11. 1 2 Aatif Sulleyman (15 April 2017). "Robot being trained to shoot guns is 'not a Terminator', insists Russian deputy Prime Minister". The Independent (published 14 April 2017).
  12. ↑ "Soyuz MS-14 launched to the ISS – August 22, 2019, 03:48 GMT – State space corporation ROSCOSMOS". Roscosmos. 22 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  13. ↑ Ackerman, Evan (19 August 2019). "Russian Humanoid Robot to Pilot Soyuz Capsule to ISS This Week". IEEE Spectrum. IEEE. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
  14. ↑ "Regarding the Soyuz spacecraft docking – August 25, 2019, 06:00 GMT – State space corporation ROSCOSMOS". Roscosmos. 25 August 2016. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  15. ↑ "Soyuz MS-14 docked to the ISS – August 27, 2019, 03:10 UTC – State space corporation ROSCOSMOS". Roscosmos. 27 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2019.
  16. ↑ "Skybot F-850 at the ISS – August 30, 2019, 15:00 GMT – State space corporation ROSCOSMOS". Roscosmos. 30 August 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
  17. ↑ "Soyuz MS-14 in autonomous flight – September 06, 2019, 18:15 GMT – State space corporation ROSCOSMOS". Roscosmos. 6 September 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
  18. ↑ "Soyuz MS-14 spacecraft returned to Earth – September 06, 2019, 21:35 GMT – State space corporation ROSCOSMOS". Roscosmos. 6 September 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
  19. ↑ "Журнал «Русский космос» (Сентябрь 2019)" [Russian Space Magazine (September 2019)] (PDF) (in Russian). Roscosmos. 13 September 2019.
  20. ↑ "Russia terminates robot Fedor after space odyssey". AFP. 12 September 2019. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  21. ↑ "Журнал «Русский космос» (Октябрь 2019)" [Russian Space Magazine (October 2019)] (PDF) (in Russian). Roscosmos. 25 October 2019.
  22. ↑ SPA «Android Technics»(in English)
  23. ↑ – Robotics Startup for Space Development(in English)
  24. ↑ "Russian, Japanese companies plan to jointly design moon robot – Science & Space – TASS". TASS. 14 December 2019. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
  25. ↑ Мир робототехники №3.pdf 29P-34P/67P(in Russian)
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