750 Gran Turismo / Berlina

Appearing in early 1956, Abarth's 750 Gran Turismo Derivazione was the first Abarth product to use the standard Fiat bodywork. Fiat delivered these cars incomplete, to make it easier and more cost effective for Abarth to carry out their performance modifications. Rather than the 633 cc (38.6 cu in) original or Abarth's own 710 cc (43 cu in) model, the engine now displaced 747 cc (45.6 cu in) thanks to a one millimetre wider bore and a stroke increased by four millimetres (0.04 and 0.16 in respectively). Sharper cams, lighter flywheel, a bigger carburetor, and myriad other traditional tuning tricks were employed; as a result power nearly doubled, up from 21.5 to 40 CV (16 to 29 kW). Claimed top speed was 80 mph (129 km/h).^[3]

750 Zagato

Originally the aerodynamic 750 Zagato "double bubble" had a single-cam engine. This was first presented at the 1955 Turin Motor Show. The original model was also offered in a more luxurious variant for export (called "America", as it was almost strictly meant for the United States) and a stripped down model with lower, uncovered headlamps and smaller taillights for the domestic Italian market. The "America" also has a different layout around the rear license plate.^[4] The all-aluminium bodywork has Zagato's famous "double-bubble" design and Abarth's tuned derivazione engine with 43 CV (32 kW; 42 hp). Aside from the floorpan, not much of the Fiat 600 remains in use for these cars. By the time of the appearance of the Abarth Zagato Record Monza 750 Bialbero, the bodywork had been unified into a separate model with a rather large hump on the engine lid, made necessary by the taller twin-cam motor. There were then three distinct models: 750 "Double Bubble," 750 Record Monza, and 750 "Sestriere." The Sestriere had a single cam pushrod engine, and the majority were built with a steel body, a very small number of alloy cars, and there is one aluminium car known to exist today. The Sestriere had upright headlights, and two very large air intakes on the engine lid, much wider than a double bubble. (The Sestriere was believed to be the last model produced for Abarth by Zagato, due to disagreements between Abarth and Zagato.)^[5][6]

The 750 GT Bialbero model appeared at the 1958 Turin Auto Show; along with various alterations to the bodywork it has the new twin-cam engine with 57 CV (42 kW; 56 hp) at 7000 rpm. The Fiat 600 engine presented certain challenges for Gioacchino Colombo in designing a twin-cam head: an engine mount on the rear face of the engine blocked the natural routing for the cam chain, while other restrictions made it impossible to use a classic crossflow design; instead, the carburetors were mounted between the camshafts, on top of the engine, rotated about 45 degrees to provide access to the spark plugs.^[7] This location no longer worked as the carburetors and inlets grew larger, and Abarth developed a distinctive banana-shaped intake manifold which allowed for two carburetors to be perched to either side above the engine. This, by necessity, made the Bialbero engine quite tall, necessitating sizable bulges and bumps in the bodywork on lower designs like the Zagato or various Spiders.^[8]

The first Bialbero series constituted 100 cars, enough to homologate the car for the Gran Turismo competition category.^[9] 750 Bialbero-equipped Fiat-Abarth Zagato Record Monzas featured a lower roof with no bubbles and one single centered air scoop on the engine lid. "The Record Monza" was the most successful racing Abarth in the USA with the Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr Racing team, (Abarth cars winning over 700 races worldwide), including both Sebring with the 750 cc (46 cu in) Bialbero engine and Daytona under-1,000 cc (61 cu in) races in 1959 widely believed to have had the first 982 cc (59.9 cu in) Bialbero engine.

There was also a very rare Zagato Spyder version produced, only between two and four examples are believed to have been built.^[10] This model was first shown at the 1957 Turin Auto Show, and it was then shown again the next year.^[10] The design has the usual sleek Zagato front end, with distinct fins at the rear. The bump on the engine lid came in for some period critique for disfiguring the overall design.^[11] Max power from Abarth's 747 cc (45.6 cu in) engine is 44 CV (32 kW; 43 hp), enough for a top speed of 153 km/h (95 mph) in a period road test or 145 km/h (90 mph) according to Abarth themselves.^[10][11][12] The Spyder's list price in Italy was the same as for the berlinetta Zagato, 1,535,000 Lira in 1958.^[4] The 1958 Turin Show car had the twin cam engine, with similar performance to the berlinetta, although the "little castle" disfiguring the engine lid was even larger on this model.^[13]

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  1956 Fiat-Abarth 750 GT Zagato "Aerodinamico"
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  Rear of a 1959 750 GT Zagato, showing the double-bubble roof and the distinct engine lid necessary to clear the pushrod engine's upright carburetor and air cleaner
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  Front of a 1959 Fiat-Abarth 750 GT Zagato
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  One of possibly two Zagato-bodied Fiat-Abarth 750 Spyders
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  The distinctive manifold on later, Weber 40DCOE-equipped Bialbero engine

Abarth 700S

To suit newly reshuffled Gran Turismo racing categories, a 698 cc (42.6 cu in) version was introduced at the 1959 Turin Auto Show. The Twin Cam ("Bialbero") model produces 64 CV (47 kW; 63 hp) at 7,100 rpm.^[14] One of these, with Zagato-style bodywork, did start at the 1960 Le Mans but it only managed 31 laps. This model may have remained a single example, while the 850 and 1000 models which arrived around the same time went on to be built for many more years.

850 Allemano

1961 Abarth 850 Allemano coupé

1961 Abarth Cisitalia Spider

The Abarth 850 Spider has bodywork by Allemano and was first shown in the spring of 1960.^[15] The engine is a Fiat-based 850 single-cam unit which develops 52 CV (38 kW; 51 hp) CUNA at 6,000 rpm. Overall length is 3,600 mm (140 in), overall width is 1,420 mm (56 in), height is 1,200 mm (47 in), and the weight is 610 kg (1,345 lb). The claimed top speed is 154 km/h (96 mph).^[15] A coupé model was also later developed, more elegant and comfortable than Zagato's version but heavier and less sporting.

Allemano's bodywork was later also made available with the larger 1000 engine. This bodywork was also used by Cisitalia's Argentinian daughter company, who built the car in a variety of models with 760, 800, or 850 cc engines.

850TC Berlina

Fiat-Abarth 850TC Berlina

The Fiat-Abarth 850TC Berlina (Turismo Competizione, or "touring competition") was introduced towards the end of 1960. It uses the Fiat 600 bodywork with some modifications, most notably a boxlike structure ahead of the front bumper which held the engine's oil cooler. The rear fenders were usually blistered, so as to accommodate larger wheels. The engine is a four-cylinder model based on a Fiat unit, with 847 cc capacity and 52 CV (38 kW; 51 hp) CUNA rating. Overall length is 3,090 mm (122 in), overall width is 1,400 mm (55 in), height is 1,380 mm (54 in), wheelbase is 2,000 mm (80 in), and its front and rear track are 1,160 mm (46 in). The fuel tank holds 5.9 imperial gallons, and its empty weight was 793 kg (1,748 lb). The 850TC remained in the price lists until 1966.

In 1962 the 850TC Nürburgring was introduced, with 55 CV (40 kW) at 6500 rpm. The name was intended to celebrate the class victory of an Abarth 850TC at the 1961 Nürburgring 500 km race.^[16] There followed the 850TC/SS with two more horsepower; this was renamed the 850TC Nürburgring Corsa towards the end of the year.

Between 1962 and 1971 the 850cc and 1,000cc class cars won hundreds of races all over the World and were commonly called "Giant Killers" due to their superior performance over much larger cars. This culminated in a famous dispute with SCCA authorities in the USA when Alfred Cosentino (FAZA) was banned from running his 1970 Fiat Abarth Berlina Corsa 1000 TCR "Radiale" engine because his car was faster (mainly in wet conditions) than many of its V8-powered contemporaries. The SCCA authorities dictated FAZA and Cosentino be forced to use an earlier, non-Radiale, engine design from the 1962 model in their cars. They still achieved 51 victories from 53 races, the most victories in SCCA racing history, thereby cementing the superiority of the Fiat Abarth Berlina Corsa over larger and more powerful cars.

1000 Zagato

1961 Fiat-Abarth 1000 Bialbero Zagato

The first Fiat 600-based Abarth to be fitted with the larger 982 cc development of the 600 engine was the Zagato-bodied Berlinetta, similar in appearance to the 750 and 850 Monza models. It was first shown at the October 1960 Paris Motor Show and produces 91 CV (67 kW; 90 hp) at 7,100 rpm.^[17] Twin Weber carburetors and a 9.3 to 1 compression ratio help reach this considerable output for a one-litre engine. Claimed top speed is 205 km/h (127 mph).^[17] A bewildering variety of slightly different bodystyle elements appeared over the years, with covered and uncovered headlights, different engine lids, taillights, and window arrangements, as well as a later long-tailed design which also received a longer nosecone. Since these cars were largely handbuilt and often to order, it is hard to say what is original and what may have been modified after many years of competition.

Monomille

1963 Abarth Monomille

The Monomille also has the pushrod 982 cc motor and was sold alongside the twin-cam Bialbero as a lower-priced, less complicated alternative. Bodywork was in the style of Zagato's, although it was executed by Abarth themselves. The cars carry a "Carrozzeria Abarth" badge.

1000 TC/TCR Berlina

It may seem strange that a 1000 cc economy car with 85 bhp can be considered a racing car, but in its day, the Abarth 1000 TC and all its variants were fierce racing machines with international success and acclaim. The Abarth story is long and full of racing victories in various events, across the post-war years. Carlo Abarth made his name tuning and racing Fiat models in smaller classes and in Le Mans, but the 1000 TC was maybe the most famous and versatile of all of his creations.