Turin Auto Show | |
---|---|
Status | Active |
Genre | Auto show |
Frequency | Annual |
Country | Italy |
Years active | 1900–2000 2015–2019 |
Inaugurated | 21 April 1900 |
Previous event | 19 June 2019 – 23 June 2019 |
Next event | 17 June 2020 – 21 June 2020 (Cancelled) |
Attendance | 350.000 (2015) 650.000 (2016) 700.000 (2017) |
Website | http://www.parcovalentino.com/salone-auto-torino |
The Turin Motor Show (Italian: Salone dell'Automobile di Torino) was an auto show held annually in Turin, Italy. The first official show took place between 21 and 24 April 1900, at the Castle of Valentino, becoming a permanent fixture in Turin from 1938 having shared it with Milan and Rome until that time. From 1972, the show was held biannually and in 1984, it moved into Fiat's shuttered Lingotto factory.[1]
In 2000, it was announced that the show was to be moved to April, starting in 2002.[2] However, the event was last held in Turin in June 2000, and cancelled from 2002, resulting in the Bologna Motor Show taking over the role of Italy's International Motor Show.[3] From 2015 to 2019, Turin again held a Motor Show, albeit as an open air festival to keep exhibitors' costs down, and provide free access to the public.[4] It is held in the precinct of the Parco del Valentino.
Major vehicle introductions
1900s
1902
- Adami Rondini
1904
- Motoruota Garavaglia
1906
- Aquila Italiana Cappa
1907
- SPA 28/40HP
1908
1910s
1913
1919
- Isotta Fraschini Tipo 8
- Fiat 501 (civilian version)
1920s
1923
- OM 665 "Superba"
- Fiat 519
- Itala 56
- Chiribiri Monza
1925
1940s
1947
1948
- Ferrari 166 MM
- Lancia Ardea
- Maserati A6 cabriolet
- Fiat 500 Giardinetta Belvedere
1949
1950s
1950
1951
1952
1953
- Alfa Romeo BAT 5 concept
- Lancia Appia
1954
The 1954 36th Salone dell'Automobile was inaugurated by Italian President Luigi Einaudi on 21 April[6] and closed on 2 May. The exhibitors were 450 from 11 countries, including 66 car manufacturers and 22 coachbuilders.[7]
Production cars
Concept cars and prototypes
- Alfa Romeo BAT 7 by Bertone[8]
- Fiat Turbina[8]
- Fibreglass-bodied Fiat 8V[9]
- At least 30 vehicle models from different manufacturers designed by Michelotti
1955
1956
Italian President Giovanni Gronchi, escorted by a troop of Corazzieri, inaugurated the 38th Salone Internazionale dell'Automobile on 21 April 1956.[10] The motor show closed on 2 May.[11] The exhibitors were 450 from 13 countries, including 64 car manufacturers, 35 truck and bus manufacturers, and 18 coachbuilders.[11]
Production cars
Concept cars and prototypes
1957
Production cars
Concept cars and prototypes
- Lancia Florida II by Pinin Farina
- Ferrari 4.9 Superfast by Pinin Farina[15] (second prototype in the Superfast series that spawned the 1964 Ferrari 500 Superfast)
1958
Production cars
- Abarth 750 GT Bialbero
- Lancia Appia GTE
- Lancia Appia Lusso
- Triumph Italia Prototype Design by Michelotti. Built by and shown on the Vignale Stand.
1959
The 1959 41st Salone dell'Automobile was inaugurated by President of the Italian Republic Giovanni Gronchi on 31 October and closed on 11 November.[16] There were 490 exhibitors from 12 countries, including 65 car manufacturers.[17]
Production cars
- Abarth 700S
- Fiat Abarth 2200 Coupé and Spider Allemano (Fiat 2100-derived)
- Chrysler Valiant (European première)
- Lancia Appia Giardinetta Viotti (station wagon)
- Maserati 5000 GT "Shah of Persia"[18]
- Triumph Italia show car Vignale Two cars displayed. One on the Triumph stand and one on the Vignale stand (Italia show car differs slightly from production)
Concept cars and prototypes
1960s
1960
The 42nd edition of the Turin Salon was held from 3 until 13 November 1960.
- Pininfarina X concept
- Lancia Flavia
- Triumph Italia (Production version)
1961
- Triumph Italia Shown on the Triumph stand (Production version)
1962
- Alfa Romeo Giulia TZ 1 (Tubolare Zagato)
- Iso Rivolta IR 300
1963
The 1963 45th Salone dell'Automobile was inaugurated by Italian President Antonio Segni on 30 October and closed on 10 November.[19] The exhibitors were 524 from 13 countries, including 72 car manufacturers and 21 coachbuilders.[20]
Production cars
Concept cars and prototypes
- Ghia-Fiat G230S Due Posti[22] (coupé based on the Fiat 2300)
- Daihatsu Sport Vignale (based on the Daihatsu Compagno)
- De Tomaso Vallelunga
- Fiat 2300 S Lausanne (Pininfarina)
- Lamborghini 350GTV
- Lancia Flaminia Coupé Speciale (Pininfarina)
- OSI 1200 S Spider (based on the Fiat 1100 D)[21]
1965
1966
- Fiat 124 Spider
- Fiat 500 Ferves Ranger
- Dino Berlinetta GT concept
- Lamborghini Flying Star II concept
- Maserati Ghibli (AM115) prototype
1967
The 49th Salone dell'Automobile was held between 1 and 12 November 1967. It saw the presence of 580 exhibitors from 15 countries, including 70 car manufacturers and 13 coachbuilders.[23]
1968
The 50th Salone dell'Automobile was held between 30 October and 10 November 1968; there were 496 exhibitors from 14 countries, including 73 car manufacturers and 13 coachbuilders.[24]
Production cars
- Lancia Fulvia Berlina GTE, Coupé 1.3 S, Sport 1.3 S and Coupé 1.6 HF[25]
- Fiat 124 Special and 125 Special[26]
- Lamborghini Miura S
Concept cars and prototypes
- Autobianchi coupé prototype[26]
- Alfa Romeo P33 Roadster Pininfarina[27]
- Bandini Saloncino
- Bizzarrini Manta (first work by Italdesign)[27][28]
- Ferrari P6 Berlinetta Speciale Pininfarina[27]
- Fiat 850 City Taxi[26]
- LMX Sirex (unofficial show exhibit)
- Maserati Simun by Ghia[27]
- Maserati Indy prototype by Vignale[27]
1969
The 51st Salone dell'Automobile was held between 29 October and 9 November 1969; the exhibitors were 550 from 14 countries, including 64 car manufacturers and 14 coachbuilders.[29]
Production cars
- Autobianchi A112
- Alfa Romeo Spider series II
- Alfa Romeo Junior Z
- Fiat 124 Sport Coupé and Sport Spider 1600 (series II)
- Fiat 128 Familiare (3-door station wagon)
- Fiat Dino 2400 Coupé and Spider
- Lancia Fulvia Berlina series II[30]
Concept cars and prototypes
- Alfa Romeo Iguana by Italdesign (33 Stradale-based)
- Autobianchi A112 Runabout by Bertone (roadster with A112 drivetrain)[31]
- Caprera LEM (Fiat 500-based coupé)[31]
- Ferrari 512 S Speciale by Pininfarina[31]
- Fiat 128 Coupé by Bertone[32]
- Fiat 128 coupé and roadster by Moretti[32]
- Fiat 128 Teenager by Pininfarina (beach car)[32]
- Fissore Mongo (Fiat 500-based coupé, design by Aldo Sessano)[31]
- Ikenga GT (designed by David Gittens, coachwork by Charles Williams of Williams & Pritchard)
- Lancia Marica by Ghia (Flaminia-based GT)[31]
- Volvo GTZ by Zagato[31]
1970s
1970
The 52nd Salone dell'Automobile was held between 28 October and 8 November 1970; the exhibitors were 540 from 15 countries, including 71 car manufacturers and 14 coachbuilders.[33]
Production cars
- Alfa Romeo Giulia 1300 Super
- De Tomaso Deauville
- Fiat 124 familiare, 124 S and 124 Special T
- Fiat 125 Special
- Lamborghini Urraco
- Lancia Fulvia Berlina series II
- Maserati Ghibli and Maserati Indy series II
- Opel Ascona A[34]
Concept cars and prototypes
- Bertone Shake (dune buggy on a Simca 1200 S chassis)
- Cadillac NART (mid-engined prototype with an Eldorado drivetrain, by Zagato)
- De Tomaso City Car (by Vignale)
- Eurostyle Porsche 914
- Hondina Youngstar (Honda N360-based beach car by Zagato)
- Lancia Stratos Zero (by Bertone)
- Moretti Dragster (2+2 coupé previewing the Fiat 128 Moretti)
- OTAS A112 KL (A112-based coupé designed by Aldo Sessano, built by Fissore)
- Porsche 914/6 Tapiro (by Italdesign)[35]
- Volkswagen 1600 SS (coupé by Francis Lombardi on a VW 1500 chassis)[36][37]
1971
The 53rd Salone dell'Automobile was held between 3 and 14 November 1971; the exhibitors were 540 from 11 countries, including 64 car manufacturers and 15 coachbuilders.[38]
Production cars
- Alfa Romeo 2000 Berlina with automatic transmission
- Alfa Romeo Alfasud
- Autobianchi A112 Abarth
- Fiat 128 Sport Coupé
- Lancia 2000 Coupé HF[39]
Concept cars and prototypes
- Alfa Romeo Caimano by Italdesign
- De Tomaso 1600 Spider by Ghia
- Dunja 1.6 HF by Coggiola
- Ferrari 3Z Spider by Zagato (one-off, 250 California Spyder #2491GT)[40]
- Ferrari Berlinetta Boxer prototype by Pininfarina
- Fiat 127 Coupé by Coriasco
- Fiat 127 Familiare by Coriasco (3-door station wagon)
- Fiat 127 Coupé, saloon and off-roader by Moretti
- Fiat 127 beach car by Savio
- Ford GT70 by Ghia
- Francis Lombardi 127 Lucciola (four-door 127)
- Francis Lombardi Gipsy (Fiat 127-based off-roader)
- NSU Ro80 2+2-door by Pininfarina
- Lancia Stratos HF prototype by Bertone
1972
- Fiat X1/23 "City Car" electric concept
- Fiat 126
- Iso Varedo
- Maserati Khamsin concept
- Maserati Boomerang concept by Italdesign[41]
- Lotus Esprit concept
- De Tomaso Longchamp
1974
- Innocenti Mini[42]
- Hyundai Pony
- Fiat 131
- Lamborghini Bravo concept
- Maserati Medici I concept
- Porsche 930 Turbo?
1975
- Alfa Romeo Eagle concept
1976
- Alfa Romeo Alfasud Sprint[43]
- Fiat 126 Cavalletta concept
- Innocenti Mini De Tomaso
1977
1978
- Fiat Ritmo
- Ghia Microsport concept
- Lamborghini Faena concept
- Lancia Megagamma concept
- Lancia Sibilo concept
1980s
1980
- Ferrari Pinin concept
- Lancia Beta Trevi
- Lancia Medusa concept
1982
- Italdesign Orca concept
- Lancia Rally 037
- Lancia Delta Turbo 4x4
- Ferrari 208 GTB Turbo
- Maserati Biturbo Emba Cabriolet
1984
1986
- Alfa Romeo Vivace concept (previewing the design of the 164 saloon of 1987 and the 916 series GTV and Spider of 1993)[44]
- Citroën Zabrus concept
- Italdesign Machimoto concept
- Lancia Delta HF 4WD
- Lancia Prisma (second series, including 4WD variant)
- Lancia Thema 8.32
- Lamborghini LM002
- Maserati 228
- Volkswagen Orbit concept[45]
1988
Production cars
- Fiat Croma Turbo D i.d. (first production diesel direct injection engine)[46]
- Maserati 222[46]
Concept cars and prototypes
- Bertone Genesis
- Italdesign Asgard
- Italdesign Aspid
- Italdesign Aztec
- Lancia ECV 2 experimental racing car
- Pininfarina HIT[47]
1990–2000
1990
This 63rd Turin Motor Show coincided with Italy hosting the 1990 FIFA World Cup (Italia 90) hence the presentation by Fiat of limited edition models related to that international event.
Production cars
- Alfa Romeo 75 upgrades - 1.8i Turbo Quadrifoglio Verde & 3.0l V6
- Fiat Panda Italia 90
- Fiat Tempra station wagon
- Fiat Tipo Italia 90
- Fiat Uno Italia 90
- Ford Fiesta XR2i Turbo
- Honda NS-X
- Hyunday S-coupe
- Lancia Thema with electronic suspension control
- Maserati 4.24v.
- Mazda 323
- Mazda RX-7
- Mercedes Benz 190 1.8l
- Nissan 300ZX
- Subaru Legacy
- Suzuki Swift GTi
- Toyota Corolla RV wagon
- Toyota Land Cruiser LJ-70
- Volvo 480 ES convertible
Concept cars and prototypes
- Bertone Nivola
- Ghia Zig
- Ghia Zag
- Jaguar Kensington by Italdesign Giugiaro (design later adapted for the Daewoo Leganza)
- SEAT Proto TL by Italdesign Giugiaro
- Bugatti ID 90 by Italdesign Giugiaro[48]
1992
Production cars
Concept cars and prototypes
- Bertone Blitz concept
- Fiat Cinquecento 4x4 Pick-up by Pininfarina
- Fiat Cinquecento Birba by Maggiora
- Fiat Cinquecento by Boneschi
- Fiat Cinquecento Cita by Stola
- Fiat Cinquecento Fionda by Coggiola[49]
- Fiat Cinquecento ID by Italdesign
- Fiat Cinquecento Rush by Bertone[50]
- Fiat Panda Destriero by Stola
- Ford Ghia Focus concept[51]
- I.DE.A Grigua
- Italdesign Biga
- Italdesign Columbus[52]
- Lancia Magia by IAD
- Pininfarina Ethos (powered by an orbital engine)
1994
Production cars
Concept cars and prototypes
- Fiat Firepoint (ItalDesign)[54]
- Fiat Lampo by I.DE.A
- Fiat Punto 4x4 TL by Giannini
- Fiat Punto Doblone by Boneschi
- Fiat Punto Monomille by Zagato
- Fiat Punto Racer by Bertone
- Fiat Punto Surf by Coggiola
- Fiat Spunto by Pininfarina
- Fiat Scia by Maggiora
- Fioravanti Sensiva
- Mercedes-Benz SLK I Concept
- Pininfarina Ethos 3
1996
- Fiat Barchetta Coupé by Maggiora
1998
The 67th Turin Motor Show was held from 24 April to 3 May.
Production cars
Concept cars and prototypes
- Alfa Romeo Dardo by Pininfarina
- Covini C36
- Lancia Diàlogos
- Stola Abarth Monotipo
2000
The 68th Turin Motor Show held in June 2000 was the last edition, as in 2002, the event was cancelled and never held again. The change in date was to avoid clashing with the Geneva Motor Show.[55] The show first requested for a June date in March 1998.
Production cars
Concept cars and prototypes
- Ferrari Rossa by Pininfarina
- Ford Streetka Concept[57]
2015–2019
2015
From 2015, the Turin Motor Show returned, however no longer based on a large and costly static exhibition format. Instead, it became a free public festival, held at the historical Parco del Valentino, and featured demonstrations along the route used for various motorsport grands prix between 1935 and 1954.[58][59]
Production cars
- Alfa Romeo 4C
- Alfa Romeo 4C Spider
- Alfa Romeo Giulietta
- Alfa Romeo Mito
- Audi R8
- BMW M3
- Ferrari 488 GTB
- Ferrari California T
- Fiat 500 vintage '57
- Lamborghini Aventador SV
- Lamborghini Huracán
- Maserati Quattroporte
- Maserati Ghibli
- Mercedes-Benz Mercedes-AMG GT
- Pagani Zonda Revolución
- Porsche 911 GT3
- Porsche Cayman GT4
Concept cars and prototypes
- Ferrari FXX-K (13)
- Italdesign Giugiaro Gea
- Pininfarina Sergio
- Pininfarina Cambiano
- Umberto Palermo Design Mole Costruzione artigianale modello 001
- Umberto Palermo Design Lucrezia
- Umberto Palermo Design Vittoria
2016
Production cars
- Abarth 595
- Alfa Romeo Giulia
- Ferrari GTC4Lusso
- Fiat 500 S
- Pagani Huayra BC
Concept cars and prototypes
- Mazzanti Evantra Millecavalli
- Mole Valentino
- Frangivento Asfanè
- Model 5 Genesi
- Mole Luce
2017
Production cars
- Abarth 695 XSR
- Abarth 124 Spider
- Alpine A110
- Fiat 500L Cross
- Fiat Fullback Cross
- Fiat 500 60th
- Jeep Compass
- Jeep Wrangler
- Alfa Romeo Giulia
- Alfa Romeo Stelvio
- Maserati Levante
- Maserati Ghibli
- Ferrari 488 Spider special green (25)
- Ferrari GTC4LussoT
- BMW 4 Series Cabrio
- BMW 4 Series Gran Coupé ICONIC 4 EDITION
- BMW M4 CS
Concept cars and prototypes
2018
Production cars
Concept cars and prototypes
Umberto Palermo Alfa Romeo 4C Mole Costruzione Artigianale 001
2019
Production cars
Concept cars and prototypes
- Alfa Romeo Tonale
- Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio Ocra
- Fiat Centoventi
- Nissan Leaf Nismo Rc
- Mole Costruzione Artigianale Almas
2020
The following vehicles were to be presented at the show in 2020:
- Alfa Romeo Giulia (upgrade)
- Alfa Romeo Giulia GTA
- Alfa Romeo Giulia GTAm
- Alfa Romeo Stelvio (upgrade)
- Ferrari Roma
Cancelled and transferred to Milan.
2022
References
- ↑ "Turin canned: Geneva Motor Show - Telegraph". telegraph.co.uk. 2002-03-16. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- ↑ "After June flop, Turin show will return to April in 2002". europe.autonews.com. 3 July 2000. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
- ↑ "Car manufacturers cause Turin Motor Show to be cancelled". www.grandprix.com. 19 February 2002. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
- ↑ Voci, Maria Chiara (16 October 2014). "Ritorna il Salone dell'auto di Torino: già trovati gli sponsor, attesi 200mila visitatori". Il Sole 24 Ore (in Italian). Retrieved 15 March 2015.
- ↑ Brockhaus Infothek: Porsche - eine Erfolgsgeschichte
- 1 2 Farinelli, Aldo (21 April 1954). "Panorama del mondo in automobile—Prima visita". La Stampa (in Italian). p. 5. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
- ↑ "Le meraviglie del mondo al 36° Salone dell'Auto". Stampa Sera (in Italian). 20 April 1954. p. 5. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
- 1 2 Farinelli, Aldo (25 April 1954). "Carrozzerie e velocità". La Stampa (in Italian). p. 5. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
- ↑ "Velocità, eleganza, la Fiat al Salone di Torino". La Stampa. 28 April 1954. p. 8. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
- ↑ "La visita del Presidente agli stands di Torino Esposizioni". Stampa Sera (in Italian). 21 April 1956. p. 2. Retrieved 13 July 2015.
- 1 2 "Numerose e interessanti le novità del Salone internazionale dell'Auto". La Stampa (in Italian). 19 April 1956. p. 2. Retrieved 13 July 2015.
- 1 2 Farinelli, Aldo (21 April 1956). "Un completo panorama del progresso tecnico". La Stampa (in Italian). p. 5. Retrieved 13 July 2015.
- 1 2 Farinelli, Aldo (22 April 1956). "Una splendida serie di auto italiane". La Stampa (in Italian). p. 7. Retrieved 13 July 2015.
- 1 2 3 "Diciannove automobili presentate in prima mondiale al Valentino" [Nineteen car world premieres at Valentino]. La Stampa (in Italian). 29 October 1957. p. 2. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ↑ Car Styling. "1957 Ferrari 4.9 Superfast (Pininfarina)". Retrieved 15 March 2015.
- ↑ "Taccuino del Salone". La Stampa (in Italian). 31 October 1959. p. 2. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
- ↑ "Una trentina di nuovi modelli presentati al Salone dell'Auto". La Stampa (in Italian). 28 October 1959. p. 2. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
- 1 2 "Novità e tendenze costruttive dei Salone dell'Automobile". La Stampa (in Italian). 31 October 1959. p. 5. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
- ↑ "Il Salone dell'Automobile ospiterà 524 espositori". La Stampa (in Italian). 19 October 1963. p. 4. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
- ↑ "Il salone in cifre". Stampa Sera (in Italian). 29 October 1963. p. 5. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
- 1 2 "Novità e prezzi". La Stampa (in Italian). 30 October 1963. p. 5. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
- ↑ Classic Driver (14 April 2007). "Händlerportrait: BMC MotorClassic GmbH". Retrieved 15 March 2015.
- ↑ "Questo è il Salone". Stampa Sera (in Italian). 1 November 1967. p. 3. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
- ↑ "Panorama mondiale dell'auto". Stampa Sera (in Italian). 31 October 1968. p. 4. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
- ↑ "Quattro nuove Fulvia per il salone di Torino". La Stampa (in Italian). 26 October 1968. p. 12. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
- 1 2 3 Fenu, Michele (31 October 1968). "Un "city-taxi" e un coupé novità Fiat e Autobianchi". La Stampa (in Italian). p. 5. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Fenu, Michele (29 October 1968). "Molte le novità fra i carrozzieri". La Stampa (in Italian). p. 9. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
- ↑ "Manta". italdesign.it. Italdesign Giugiaro. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
- ↑ "Il ministro dell'Industria inaugura il Salone internazionale dell'auto". La Stampa (in Italian). 29 October 1969. p. 4. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
- ↑ "I nuovi modelli esposti a Torino". La Stampa (in Italian). 29 October 1969. p. I. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "L'evoluzione nello stile e nella forma delle carrozzerie". La Stampa (in Italian). 5 November 1969. p. IV. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
- 1 2 3 Fenu, Michele (30 October 1969). "Le originali soluzioni dei carrozzieri—C'è persino il cruscotto a soffietto". La Stampa (in Italian). p. 9. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
- ↑ "Espositori di 15 paesi". La Stampa (in Italian). 24 October 1970. p. 17. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
- ↑ Fenu, Michele (28 October 1970). "Tre anteprime mondiali al Salone". La Stampa (in Italian). p. 6. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
- ↑ "Tapiro". italdesign.it. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
- ↑ "Carrozzieri, il futuro è vicino". La Stampa (in Italian). 30 October 1970. p. 31. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
- ↑ "La scoperta del "cuneo"" [The discovery of the "wedge"]. Autosprint (in Italian). Bologna: Conti Editore. 1970 (45): 8–10. 9 November 1970.
- ↑ "Il presidente del Consiglio aprirà domani il Salone dell Automobile". La Stampa (in Italian). 2 November 1971. p. 4. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
- ↑ Fenu, Michele (3 November 1971). "Anteprime mondiali al Salone". La Stampa (in Italian). p. I. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
- ↑ "2491GT 61/jul/13, Ferrari 250 GT SWB California Spyder, LHD". barchetta.cc. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
- ↑ "Project: Boomerang - 1972". italdesign.it. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
- ↑ Büschi, Hans-Ulrich, ed. (5 March 1987). Automobil Revue 1987 (in German and French). Vol. 82. Berne, Switzerland: Hallwag AG. p. 327. ISBN 3-444-00458-3.
- ↑ Cinti, Fulvio (10 November 1976). "Le vetture dei giovani". Stampa Sera. p. 10. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
- ↑ "The development of Alfa's 916 GTV & Spider". The Thinker's Garage. 2013-12-27.
- ↑ "Back to the Future with Exclusive ItalDesign Concepts from 1986".
- 1 2 V. B. (23 April 1988). "Le piccole grandi sorprese". La Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved 7 April 2015.
- ↑ Abrate, Piero (23 April 1988). "Tra fantasia e realtà". Stampa Sera (in Italian). Retrieved 14 March 2015.
- ↑ "ItalDesign — ID 90". italdesign.it. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
- ↑ "FIAT Cinquecento Fionda". allcarindex.com.
- ↑ "Fiat Cinquecento Rush". allcarindex.com.
- ↑ "Concept Car of the Week: Ford Ghia Focus (1992)". Car Design News. 30 May 2014. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2014.
- ↑ "Concept Car of the Week: Italdesign Columbus (1992)". Car Design News. Archived from the original on 2014-02-02.
- ↑ G. M. (21 April 1994). "Quattroporte per sognare". La Stampa (in Italian). p. 35. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
- ↑ "1994 Turin Motorshow". carstyling.ru.
- ↑ "Turin asks for June date". Automotive News. 16 March 1998. Retrieved 16 August 2014.
- ↑ "Turin motor show touts designer finesse as foremost". 1 June 2000. Archived from the original on 2014-01-11. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
- ↑ "Ford StreetKa". Car and Driver. September 2002. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
- ↑ "Torna il salone di Torino". La Repubblica (in Italian). 13 December 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
- ↑ "Torino, il ritorno del Salone dell'auto". Il Corriere della Sera - Motori (in Italian). 13 February 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
- ↑ "037hybrid-polito". 037hybrid-polito. Politecnico di Torino. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
- ↑ "Italdesign Automobili Speciali Zerouno". Italdesign. Italdesign. Retrieved 8 September 2017.