Republic of Latvia

Use	Civil and state flag, civil ensign
Proportion	1:2
Adopted	15 June 1921 Restored on 27 February 1990
Design	A carmine red field bisected by a narrow white stripe (one-fifth the width of the flag)
Designed by	Ansis Cīrulis
Use	Naval ensign
Proportion	2:3
Adopted	1991
Design	White field with Saint George's cross voided in the colors of the State Flag (the width of the arms of the cross is 1/5 of the flag width).
Use	Naval jack
Proportion	2:3

The national flag of Latvia (Latvian: Latvijas karogs) was used by independent Latvia from 1918 until the country was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940. Its use was suppressed during Soviet rule. On 27 February 1990, shortly before the country regained its independence, the Latvian government re-adopted the traditional red-white-red flag.

Though officially adopted in 1921, the Latvian flag was in use as early as the 13th century. The red colour is sometimes described as symbolizing the readiness of the Latvians to give the blood from their hearts for freedom and their willingness to defend their sovereignty. An alternative interpretation, according to the Rhymed Chronicle of Livonia, is that a Latgalian leader was wounded in battle, and sheet on which he was laid on were stained by his blood with only the centre stripe of the sheet being left unstained. This story is similar to the legend of the origins of the flag of Austria.

History

Stamp commemorating the centenary of Latvia, with Ansis Cīrulis holding his design for the Latvian flag.

The red-white-red Latvian flag is first mentioned in the medieval Rhymed Chronicle of Livonia (Livländische Reimchronik),^[1] which covers the period from 1180 to 1343, and is thus among the oldest flags in the world. The chronicle tells of a battle that took place around 1279, in which ancient Latgalian tribes from Cēsis, a city in the northern part of modern-day Latvia, went to war, bearing a red flag with a white stripe.^[2]

Legend recounts the story of the mortally wounded chief of Latgalians who was wrapped in a white sheet. The part of the sheet on which he was lying remained white, but the two edges were stained in his blood. During the next battle the bloodstained sheet was used as a flag. According to the legend this time the Latgalian warriors were successful and drove the enemy away. Ever since then Latgalian tribes have used these colours.

Based on the aforementioned historical record, some nationalist individuals and organisations started to use such flags in the 19th century. In 1917, a red-white-red flag was used in several events aimed at uniting Latvian regions, the debate about the visual appearance of the Latvian flag was raised, a sketch by artist Ansis Cīrulis in May of the year gained the most popularity. The Latvian national flag, together with the national coat of arms was affirmed in this format by a decree of the Constitutional Assembly of Latvia passed on 15 June 1921.^[3][4]

Occupation

Main article: Flag of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic

A variation appeared in Anti-Soviet demonstrations.^[5]

During the Soviet period by the Soviet Union (and briefly during occupation by Nazi Germany), the red-white-red Latvian flag was rendered unusable from 1940 to 1941 and 1944 to 1991. Any production and public display of the nationalist Latvian flag was considered anti-state crime and punishable by law. The first flag of Soviet Latvia was a red flag with the gold hammer and sickle in the top-left corner, with the Latin characters LPSR (Latvijas Padomju Sociālistiskā Republika) above them in gold in a serif font. In 1953, the final version of the flag was adopted. It depicts the Soviet flag with six 1/3 blue wavy bands representing the sea on the bottom.

Colours and proportions

Per Latvian law, The Latvian national flag is carmine red with a white horizontal stripe. (Latvian: tumši sarkana (karmin))^[7] The colour on the flag is sometimes referred to as Latvian red. The red colour of the Latvian flag is a particularly dark shade, which is composed of brown and purple. The flag's colour proportions are 2:1:2 (the upper and lower red bands each being twice as wide as the central white band), and the ratio of the height of the flag to its width is fixed at 1:2.

Flag colors

Proportions and colours of the flag in Pantone
	White	Red	Red (Fabric)
Pantone	White	201 C[8]	19-1629 TPX or 19-1629 TC
RGB	Red = 255 Green = 255 Blue = 255 Hex = #FFFFFF	Red = 157 Green = 34 Blue = 53 Hex = #9D2235	Red = 119 Green = 53 Blue = 61 Hex = #77353D
CMYK	Cyan = 0% Magenta = 0% Yellow = 0% Black = 0%	Cyan = 0% Magenta = 78% Yellow = 66% Black = 38%	Cyan = 37% Magenta = 83% Yellow = 63% Black = 36%

Display of the flag

Flagpole

Latvian law states that the flag and national colours can be displayed and used as an ornament if proper respect to the flag is guaranteed. Destruction, disrespectful treatment or incorrect display of the flag is punishable by law.

The flag shall be placed at least 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in) above the ground and properly secured to the flagstaff. The flagstaff shall be longer than the longest side of the flag, straight, painted white, and preferably made of wood. The finial at the tip of the flagstaff shall be wider than the flagstaff. Where the flag is not displayed continuously, it shall be raised at sunrise and lowered at sunset. If flown for a festival or funeral, it shall be raised before and lowered after the end of the occasion.

If the flag is flown from a flagpole in mourning, it shall be raised to half-staff. If fixed to a flagstaff, a black ribbon whose width is 1⁄20 the width of the flag shall be secured to the flagstaff above the flag; the ribbon shall be of sufficient length to span the width of the flag.

Flag days

• 25 March (in mourning) — In memory of victims of communist genocide
• 1 May — Constitution Day, Labour Day
• 4 May — Restoration of Independence (1990)
• 14 June (in mourning) — In memory of victims of communist genocide
• 17 June (in mourning) — Beginning of the Soviet occupation in Latvia
• 4 July (in mourning) — In memory of victims of the Holocaust (See: The Holocaust in Latvia)
• 11 November — Lāčplēsis Day
• 18 November — Independence Day (1918)
• First Sunday in December (in mourning) — In memory of victims of communist genocide

Official standards

Presidential standard of Latvia

Latvian presidential standard at the presidential chancellery, House of the Blackheads.

The standard of the president is white with the rectangular cross in the colour proportions of the national flag. The centre of the cross covering a white rectangular panel bearing the coat of arms of Latvia. The height of the coat of arms is 1⁄3 of the width of the Standard, the centre of the sun depicted on the shield of the coat of arms is in the centre of the Standard. The proportion between the width of the national colours and that of the Standard is 1:5. The proportion between the length and width of the Standard is 3:2.

See also

• List of flags of Latvia
• Coat of arms of Latvia
• National Anthem of Latvia

References

• "Statute of 1994 regarding the National Flag of Latvia" (in Latvian). Archived from the original on 2 March 2009.
• "Statute of 2009 regarding the National Flag of Latvia" (in Latvian). Archived from the original on 27 November 2010.
• The Rhyme Chronicle of Livonia (Ditleb’s von Alnpeke Livländische Reimchronik) (in Latvian, German, and Russian)
• Law regarding Official standards (in Latvian)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to National flag of Latvia.

• The Latvian Flag fact sheet at the Latvian Institute Web site
• Flags and pendants of Latvian Naval Forces
• Latvia at Flags of the World
• VEXILLOGRAPHIA - Флаги Латвии