Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
UseCivil and state flag Small  vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagSmall  vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flagReverse side is mirror image of obverse side
Proportion27:37 (both 2:3 and 3:5 in use)
AdoptedJune 13, 1907 (1907-06-13)
DesignA state coat of arms on a blue field

The flag of Pennsylvania consists of a blue field on which the state coat of arms is displayed.

Design

The flag of Pennsylvania is a blue field (by law, the same blue as the flag of the United States) charged with the state coat of arms.

History

A painting of the Pennsylvania flag, featuring the state coat of arms with white horses, and other various adornments around the coat of arms, on a field of blue.
The flag as it appears in an 1819 painting titled Independence Day Celebration in Centre Square, Philadelphia
The Pennsylvanian state flag depicted on an image from page 7 of The government of the people of the state of Pennsylvania (1902),[1] depicting a white scroll instead of the red one used today.
The Pennsylvanian state flag depicted on a cigarette advertisement from 1888, using a white scroll instead of the red one used today.
A Pennsylvanian state flag from 1863, featuring a ring of stars around the coat of arms. It was made in November 1863 by a Philadelphian flag manufacturer for Governor Curtin's use during the Gettysburg National Cemetery's dedication on November 19, 1863.[2]
A Pennsylvanian state flag used by a National Guard unit during World War I, depicting a white scroll instead of the red one used today.

On April 9, 1799, the Pennsylvania General Assembly authorized the use of the state coat of arms on flags for the state militia.[3] These flags took various forms, most commonly featuring the coat of arms either replacing the field of stars in the union of the US flag, or being placed alone on a field of blue. The depiction of the coat of arms would also vary from flag to flag, as the colors in the escutcheon of the arms were changed in 1809, and the color of the horses was not standardized until 1875.[4]

The legislature eventually chose to create a standardized flag for general use, featuring a now-standardized coat of arms alone on a plain field of blue mandated to be the "same color as the blue field in the flag of the United States".[5] This new flag was enacted by law on June 13, 1907.[6]

Criticism and attempts to change the flag

The Pennsylvania flag has been criticized for the complexity of its design, and its inability to stand out from other similar state flags across the US. Several attempts have been made by the Pennsylvania legislature and the public to address these criticisms by changing or altering the flag.

2001 NAVA Survey

In 2001, the North American Vexillological Association surveyed 100 of its members and 337 members of the general public on the designs of the 72 U.S. state, U.S. territorial and Canadian provincial flags. The survey ranked Pennsylvania's flag 57th out of the 72, with a score of 3.69 on a scale of 0 to 10.[7] Its low ranking was attributed to both the complexity of the coat of arms on its design, and its inability to stand out among a sea of similar “seal on a bedsheet” designs common to more than half of U.S. state flags.[8]

Attempts to add "Pennsylvania" to the flag (2004–2014)

Between 2004 and 2014, several attempts were made to add the word "Pennsylvania" to the state flag. According to former State Representative Tim Solobay (who introduced the first set of bills), this was intended to make Pennsylvania's flag more unique and identifiable.[9]

While the bill failed to leave committee in the first two sessions it was introduced,[10][11] a 2006 survey offered by Solobay's office[12] to help refine the defined design may have swayed legislators to act on the bill, which was amended on May 7, 2007.[13] On June 11, 2007, The Pennsylvania House of Representatives voted in favor of the bill, 164–31.[9] The Senate State Government Committee never considered the bill, which died at the end of the Pennsylvania General Assembly's two-year session.

The bill was reintroduced by Solobay in 2009,[14] and on the next session day, a second similar bill was introduced by former State Representative Gary Haluska with a competing definition of the design.[15] Neither bill was raised in committee that session. Haluska's proposal was reintroduced alone in both the 2011–12[16] and 2013–14 sessions,[17] and died in committee both times.

2023 effort

On June 16, 2023, Pennsylvania State Representative Joe Webster released a memorandum proposing a commission to "study the history of the state flag, solicit design submissions for a new state flag, and recommend changes to the state flag."[18] To this end, House Resolution 163 was introduced on June 27, 2023.[19]

Flags associated with Pennsylvania

See also

References

  1. Thorpe, Francis Newton (1902). The government of the people of the state of Pennsylvania. The Library of Congress. Philadelphia, Eldridge & brother.
  2. http://www.repmiller.com/Display/SiteFiles/172/TeacherPDFs/PA%20State%20Flag_Our%20Flag.pdf
  3. Smith, Whitney. "flag of Pennsylvania". Encyclopedia Britannica, 27 Jul. 2011, https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Pennsylvania . Accessed 24 February 2023.
  4. "Pennsylvania (U.S.)". www.fotw.info. Retrieved 2023-02-24.
  5. "Act of Jun. 13, 1907, P.L. 560, No. 373 Cl. 38 – FLAG OF PENNSYLVANIA DESIGNATED". www.legis.state.pa.us. Retrieved 2022-09-18.
  6. "Status of the Pennsylvania Flag". 2007-09-12. Archived from the original on 2007-10-12. Retrieved 2007-10-26.
  7. "2001 State/Provincial Flag Survey - NAVA.org" (PDF). nava.org.
  8. Kaye, Edward B. (2001). "Good Flag, Bad Flag, and the Great NAVA Flag Survey of 2001" (PDF). Raven: A Journal of Vexillology. 8: 11–38. doi:10.5840/raven200182 via Philosophy Documentation Center.
  9. 1 2 "House passes Solobay bill adding 'Pennsylvania' to state flag". Office of State Rep. Tim Solobay. Archived from the original on 2007-08-10. Retrieved 2007-10-26.
  10. 1 2 "Pennsylvania Regular Session 2003–2004 House Bill 2808". www.legis.state.pa.us. Retrieved 2022-09-18.
  11. 1 2 "Pennsylvania Regular Session 2005–2006 House Bill 149". www.legis.state.pa.us. Retrieved 2022-09-18.
  12. "Pennsylvania (U.S.) 'Proposal for change to the flag'". www.fotw.info. Retrieved 2022-09-21.
  13. 1 2 "Pennsylvania Regular Session 2007–2008 House Bill 179". www.legis.state.pa.us. Retrieved 2022-09-18.
  14. 1 2 "Pennsylvania Regular Session 2009–2010 House Bill 143". www.legis.state.pa.us. Retrieved 2022-09-18.
  15. 1 2 "Pennsylvania Regular Session 2009–2010 House Bill 179". www.legis.state.pa.us. Retrieved 2022-09-18.
  16. 1 2 "Pennsylvania Regular Session 2011–2012 House Bill 722". www.legis.state.pa.us. Retrieved 2022-09-18.
  17. 1 2 "Pennsylvania Regular Session 2013–2014 House Bill 578". www.legis.state.pa.us. Retrieved 2022-09-18.
  18. "House Co-Sponsorship Memoranda". The official website for the Pennsylvania General Assembly. Retrieved 2023-06-16.
  19. "Bill Information – House Resolution 163; Regular Session 2023–2024". The official website for the Pennsylvania General Assembly. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
  20. Allen, Francis Olcott (1894). "The Provincial or Colonial Flag of Pennsylvania". The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. 18 (2): 249–252. ISSN 0031-4587. JSTOR 20083598.
  21. "Pennsylvania Colonial/Revolutionary War Flags (U.S.)". www.fotw.info. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
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