1966 FIFA World Cup
Tournament details
Host countryEngland
Dates11–30 July
Teams16 (from 4 confederations)
Venue(s)8 (in 7 host cities)
Final positions
Champions England (1st title)
Runners-up West Germany
Third place Portugal
Fourth place Soviet Union
Tournament statistics
Matches played32
Goals scored89 (2.78 per match)
Attendance1,563,135 (48,848 per match)
Top scorer(s)Portugal Eusébio (9 goals)

The 1966 FIFA World Cup was the eighth FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial football tournament for men's senior national teams. It was played in England from 11 July to 30 July 1966. England defeated West Germany 4–2 in the final to win their first ever World Cup title. The final was level at 2–2 after 90 minutes and went to extra time, when Geoff Hurst scored two goals to complete his hat-trick, the first to be scored in a men's World Cup final. England were the fifth nation to win the event, and the third host nation to win after Uruguay in 1930 and Italy in 1934. Two time Reigning champions Brazil failed to get past the group stages as they were defeated by Hungary and Portugal. It was the first time that defending champions were eliminated in the group stages after Italy in 1950. This would not occur again until 36 years later.

Two debut teams performed well at the competition – North Korea beat Italy 1–0 on the way to reaching the quarter-finals, where they lost to Portugal 5–3 after leading 3–0. Portugal themselves finished third, losing 2–1 to England in the semi-final. Portuguese striker Eusébio was the tournament's top scorer, with nine goals clinching the golden boot with three goals more than second placed Helmut Haller.

The 1966 World Cup was the first FIFA World Cup held in the English-speaking world. Matches were played at eight stadiums across England, with the final being held at Wembley Stadium, which had a capacity of 98,600.

All 15 African nations who entered the qualifying later boycotted the tournament in protest after FIFA, citing competitive and logistical issues, ruled that there would be no direct qualification for any African team. Prior to the tournament, the Jules Rimet trophy was stolen, but was recovered by a dog named Pickles four months before the tournament began. It was the first World Cup to have selected matches broadcast via satellite to countries on other continents.[1] The final, which was broadcast locally by the BBC, was the last to be shown entirely in black and white.

Background

England was chosen as host of the 1966 World Cup in Rome, Italy on 22 August 1960, over rival bids from West Germany and Spain. This was the first tournament to be held in a country that was affected directly by World War II, as the four previous tournaments were either held in countries out of war theatres or in neutral countries.[2][3]

Qualification

Despite the Africans' absence, there was another new record number of entries for the qualifying tournament, with 70 nations taking part. After all the arguments, FIFA finally ruled that ten teams from Europe would qualify, along with four from South America, one from Asia and one from North and Central America.[4]

Portugal and North Korea qualified for the first time. Portugal would not qualify again until 1986, while North Korea's next appearance was at the 2010 tournament. This was also Switzerland's last World Cup finals until 1994. Notable absentees from this tournament included 1962 runners-up Czechoslovakia and semi-finalists Yugoslavia.[4][5]

Qualified teams

The following 16 teams qualified for the final tournament.[4]

Mascot and match ball

Official match ball for the 1966 FIFA World Cup produced by Slazenger

The mascot for the 1966 competition was "World Cup Willie", a lion wearing a Union Jack jersey emblazoned with the words "WORLD CUP". This was the first World Cup mascot, and one of the first mascots to be associated with a major sporting competition. Willie was designed by freelance children's book illustrator Reg Hoye.[6][7] The official match ball was produced by Slazenger for the tournament.[8]

Controversies

African boycott

Thirty-one African nations boycotted the tournament to protest a 1964 FIFA ruling that required the three second-round winners from the African zone to enter a play-off round against the winners of the Asian zone in order to qualify for the World Cup, as they felt winning their zone was enough in itself to merit qualification. The Confederation of African Football (CAF) felt that the representation of African nations in the World Cup was unfair, and so they demanded that FIFA guarantee at least one African nation a spot in the finals of the following tournament. They also protested against the readmission of South Africa to FIFA in 1963, despite its expulsion from the CAF due to the Apartheid regime in 1958.[9][10] As a result of this boycott, FIFA fined CAF 5,000 Swiss francs. Yidnekatchew Tessema, then president of the CAF, responded to this punishment by saying, "FIFA has adopted a relentless attitude against the African Associations and its decisions resemble methods of intimidation and repression designed to discourage any further impulses of a similar nature. In our opinion, the African National Associations ... really deserved a gesture of respect rather than a fine."[11]

South Africa was subsequently assigned to the Asia and Oceania qualifying group before being disqualified after being suspended again due to pressure from other African nations in October 1964.[12] Despite this, after FIFA refused to change the qualifying format, the African teams decided anyway to pull out of the World Cup until at least one African team had an automatic place assured in the World Cup, something which was put in place for the 1970 FIFA World Cup and all subsequent World Cup finals.[9] The Portuguese African colonies of Angola and Mozambique participated for Portugal.[9][12]

North Korea–United Kingdom relations

The United Kingdom, which had fought for South Korea in the Korean War, was concerned over the entry of North Korea in the tournament. The UK did not recognise North Korea and feared that its presence would strain relations with South Korea and the United States. FIFA told England's Football Association that the tournament would be moved if any qualified team were to be refused entry.[13][14]

On the suggestion of the British Foreign Office, the playing of national anthems, and meetings between players and state figures such as Queen Elizabeth II, would only take place in two games: the opener and the final. North Korea was not scheduled for the former, and was considered unlikely to reach the latter. A Foreign Office suggestion for flags outside stadiums to be removed after each team's elimination, in the expectation of an early North Korean exit, was vetoed by the Department of Education and Science.[13][14]

Trophy incident

The 1966 World Cup had a rather unusual hero off the field, a dog called Pickles.[15] In the build-up to the tournament, the Jules Rimet trophy was stolen from an exhibition display. A nationwide hunt for the icon ensued. It was later discovered wrapped in newspaper as the dog sniffed under some bushes in London.[16] The FA commissioned a replica cup in case the original cup was not found in time. This replica, as well as Pickles' collar, is held at the National Football Museum in Manchester, where it is on display.[17]

Doping

West Germany encouraged and covered up a culture of doping across many sports for decades.[18] A 2013 report by researchers at Berlin's Humboldt University on behalf of the German Olympic Sports Confederation, titled "Doping in Germany from 1950 to today", linked the West Germany national team of 1966, which reached the World Cup final, with doping.[19]

Format

The format of the 1966 competition remained the same as 1962: 16 qualified teams were divided into four groups of four. Each group played a round-robin format.[20] Two points were awarded for a win and one point for a draw, with goal average and eventually drawing lots used to separate teams equal on points.[20] The top two teams in each group advanced to the knockout stage.[20]

In the knockout games, if the teams were tied after 90 minutes, 30 minutes of extra time were played. For any match other than the final, if the teams were still tied after extra time, lots would be drawn to determine the winner. The final would have been replayed if tied after extra time; but if still tied after the replay, the champion would have been decided by drawing lots. In the event, no replays or drawing of lots were necessary.

The draw for the final tournament, taking place on 6 January 1966 at the Royal Garden Hotel in London was the first ever to be televised, with England, West Germany, Brazil and Italy as seeds.[21]

Venues

Eight venues were used for this World Cup. The newest and biggest venue used was Wembley Stadium in north west London, which was 43 years old in 1966. As was often the case in the World Cup, group matches were played in two venues close to each other. Group 1 matches (which included the hosts) were all played in London: five at Wembley, which was England's national stadium and was considered to be the most important football venue in the world; and one at White City Stadium in west London, which was used as a temporary replacement for nearby Wembley. The group stage match between Uruguay and France played at White City Stadium (originally built for the 1908 Summer Olympics) was scheduled for a Friday, the same day as regularly scheduled greyhound racing at Wembley. Because Wembley's owner refused to cancel this, the game had to be moved to the alternative venue in London. Group 2's matches were played at Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield and Villa Park in Birmingham; Group 3's matches were played at Old Trafford in Manchester and Goodison Park in Liverpool; and Group 4's matches were played at Ayresome Park in Middlesbrough and Roker Park in Sunderland. The stadium construction cost are estimated to be today's equivalent of £9.2 million, additional to £36.22 million for tournament organisation.[22]

The most used venue was Wembley, which was used for nine matches, including all six featuring England, the final and the third-place match. Goodison Park was used for five matches, Roker Park and Hillsborough both hosted four, while Old Trafford, Villa Park and Ayresome Park each hosted three matches and did not host any knockout round matches.

London London
Wembley Stadium White City Stadium
Capacity: 98,600 Capacity: 76,567
Manchester Birmingham
Old Trafford Villa Park
Capacity: 58,000 Capacity: 52,000
Liverpool Sheffield
Goodison Park Hillsborough Stadium
Capacity: 50,151 Capacity: 42,730
Sunderland Middlesbrough
Roker Park Ayresome Park
Capacity: 40,310 Capacity: 40,000

Tournament summary

The opening match took place on Monday 11 July. With the exception of the first tournament, which commenced on 13 July 1930, every other tournament (up to 2018) has commenced in May or June. Before the tournament began, eventual winners England were 9/2 second favourites with bookmakers behind Brazil (9/4), while beaten finalists West Germany were 25/1 outsiders.[23] The final took place on Saturday, 30 July 1966, the 36th anniversary of the first final. Until 2022, this was the latest date that any tournament had concluded. The reason for the unusually late scheduling of the tournament appears to lie with the outside broadcast commitments of the BBC, which also had commitments to cover Wimbledon (which ran between 20 June and 2 July) and the Open Golf Championship (6 to 9 July).

Group stage

Wolfgang Weber (left) and Luis Artime during the match between West Germany and Argentina in Birmingham

1966 was a World Cup with few goals as the teams began to play much more tactically and defensively. This was exemplified by Alf Ramsey's England as they finished top of Group 1 with only four goals, but having none scored against them. They also became the first World Cup winning team not to win its first game in the tournament. Uruguay were the other team to qualify from that group at the expense of both Mexico and France. All the group's matches were played at Wembley Stadium apart from the match between Uruguay and France which took place at White City Stadium.

In Group 2, West Germany and Argentina qualified with ease as they both finished the group with 5 points, Spain managed 2, while Switzerland left the competition after losing all three group matches. FIFA cautioned Argentina for its violent style in the group games, particularly in the scoreless draw with West Germany, which saw Argentinean Rafael Albrecht get sent off and suspended for the next match.[24][25]

In the northwest of England, Old Trafford and Goodison Park played host to Group 3 which saw the two-time defending champions Brazil finish in third place behind Portugal and Hungary, and be eliminated along with Bulgaria. Brazil were defeated 3–1 by Hungary in a classic encounter before falling by the same scoreline to Portugal in a controversial game. Portugal appeared in the finals for the first time, and made quite an impact. They won all three of their games in the group stage, with a lot of help from their outstanding striker Eusébio, whose nine goals made him the tournament's top scorer.

Group 4, however, provided the biggest upset when North Korea beat Italy 1–0 at Ayresome Park, Middlesbrough and finished above them, thus earning qualification to the next round along with the Soviet Union. This was the first time that a nation from outside Europe or the Americas had progressed from the first stage of a World Cup: the next would be Morocco in 1986.

Knock-out stages

The quarter-finals provided a controversial victory for West Germany as they cruised past Uruguay 4–0; the South Americans claimed that this occurred only after the referee (who was Jim Finney, from England) had not recognised a handball by Schnellinger on the goal line and then had sent off two players from Uruguay: Horacio Troche and Héctor Silva.[26] It appeared as though the surprise package North Korea would claim another major upset in their match against Portugal at Goodison Park, when after 22 minutes they led 3–0. It fell to one of the greatest stars of the tournament, Eusébio, to change that. He scored four goals in the game and José Augusto added a fifth in the 78th minute to earn Portugal a 5–3 win.

Meanwhile, in the other two games, Ferenc Bene's late goal for Hungary against the Soviet Union, who were led by Lev Yashin's stellar goalkeeping, proved little more than a consolation as they crashed out 2–1, and the only goal between Argentina and England came courtesy of England's Geoff Hurst. During that controversial game (for more details see Argentina and England football rivalry), Argentina's Antonio Rattín became the first player to be sent off in a senior international football match at Wembley.[27] Rattín at first refused to leave the field and eventually had to be escorted by several policemen. Scoreless when Rattin was dismissed, the game was decided by Hurst's headed goal twelve minutes from the end of normal time. This game is called el robo del siglo (the robbery of the century) in Argentina.[28]

All semi-finalists were from Europe. Bobby Charlton scored both goals in England's win, with Portugal's goal coming from a penalty in the 82nd minute after a handball by Jack Charlton on the goal line.[29][30] The other semi-final also finished 2–1: Franz Beckenbauer scoring the winning goal with a left foot shot from the edge of the area for West Germany as they beat the Soviet Union.[31]

Portugal went on to beat the Soviet Union 2–1 to take third place. Portugal's third place was the best finish by a team making its World Cup debut since 1934. It was equalled by Croatia in 1998.

Final

London's Wembley Stadium was the venue for the final, and 98,000 people attended. After 12 minutes 32 seconds Helmut Haller put West Germany ahead, but the score was levelled by Geoff Hurst four minutes later. Martin Peters put England in the lead in the 78th minute; England looked set to claim the title when the referee awarded a free kick to West Germany with one minute left. The ball was launched goalward and Wolfgang Weber scored, with England appealing in vain for handball as the ball came through the crowded penalty area.[32]

Elizabeth II presents the Jules Rimet Trophy to England's team captain Bobby Moore.

With the score level at 2–2 at the end of 90 minutes, the game went to extra time. In the 98th minute, Hurst found himself on the scoresheet again; his shot hit the crossbar, bounced down onto the goal line, and was awarded as a goal. Debate has long raged over whether the ball crossed the line, with the goal becoming part of World Cup history.[33] England's final goal was scored by Hurst again, as a celebratory pitch invasion began. This made Geoff Hurst the first player to have scored three times in a single World Cup final.[32] BBC commentator Kenneth Wolstenholme's description of the match's closing moments has gone down in history: "Some people are on the pitch. They think it's all over ... [Hurst scores] It is now!"[34]

England's total of eleven goals scored in six games set a new record low for average goals per game scored by a World Cup winning team. The record stood until 1982, when it was surpassed by Italy's 12 goals in seven games; in 2010 this record was lowered again by Spain, winning the Cup with eight goals in seven games. England's total of three goals conceded also constituted a record low for average goals per game conceded by a World Cup winning team. That record stood until 1994, when it was surpassed by Brazil's three goals in seven games. France again lowered the record to two goals in seven during the 1998 tournament, a record that has since been equalled by Italy at the 2006 tournament and by Spain's two goals conceded during the 2010 tournament.

England received the recovered Jules Rimet trophy from Queen Elizabeth II and were crowned World Cup winners for the first time.[32]

In this World Cup, the national anthems were played only in the final. They were not played in the earlier matches because the organisers (FIFA and the FA) feared that North Korea's presence – a socialist country that was not recognised by the United Kingdom – in the World Cup would cause problems with South Korea. A memo from the Foreign Office months before the finals began stated that the solution would be "denying the visas to North Korean players".[35] The final, held at Wembley Stadium, was the last to be broadcast in black and white.[36]

Match officials

A total of 26 match referees and other officials featured at the event. Despite the event being a worldwide tournament, the majority of the officials were from Europe. Gottfried Dienst refereed the final between England and West Germany.[37]

Africa

Asia

South America

Europe

Draw

Pot 1: South American Pot 2: European Pot 3: Latin European Pot 4: Rest of the World

Squads

Group stage

Group 1

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GR Pts Qualification
1  England 3 2 1 0 4 0 — 5 Advance to knockout stage
2  Uruguay 3 1 2 0 2 1 2.000 4
3  Mexico 3 0 2 1 1 3 0.333 2
4  France 3 0 1 2 2 5 0.400 1
Source: FIFA
England 0–0 Uruguay
Report
Attendance: 87,148
France 1–1 Mexico
Hausser 62' Report Borja 48'
Attendance: 69,237
Uruguay 2–1 France
Rocha 26'
Cortés 31'		 Report De Bourgoing 15' (pen.)
Attendance: 45,662
England 2–0 Mexico
B. Charlton 37'
Hunt 75'		 Report
Attendance: 92,570
Mexico 0–0 Uruguay
Report
Attendance: 61,112
Referee: Bertil Lööw (Sweden)
England 2–0 France
Hunt 38', 75' Report
Attendance: 98,270

Group 2

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GR Pts Qualification
1  West Germany 3 2 1 0 7 1 7.000 5[lower-alpha 1] Advance to knockout stage
2  Argentina 3 2 1 0 4 1 4.000 5[lower-alpha 1]
3  Spain 3 1 0 2 4 5 0.800 2
4   Switzerland 3 0 0 3 1 9 0.111 0
Source: FIFA
Notes:
  1. 1 2 West Germany were placed first due to superior goal average.
West Germany 5–0  Switzerland
Held 16'
Haller 21', 77' (pen.)
Beckenbauer 40', 52'		 Report
Attendance: 36,127
Referee: Hugh Phillips (Scotland)
Argentina 2–1 Spain
Artime 65', 79' Report Pirri 71' [38]
Attendance: 42,738
Referee: Dimitar Rumenchev (Bulgaria)
Spain 2–1  Switzerland
Sanchís 57'
Amancio 75'		 Report Quentin 31'
Attendance: 32,028
Argentina 0–0 West Germany
Report
Attendance: 46,587
Referee: Konstantin Zečević (Yugoslavia)
Argentina 2–0  Switzerland
Artime 52'
Onega 79'		 Report
Attendance: 32,127
Referee: Joaquim Campos (Portugal)
West Germany 2–1 Spain
Emmerich 39'
Seeler 84'		 Report Fusté 23'
Attendance: 42,187

Group 3

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GR Pts Qualification
1  Portugal 3 3 0 0 9 2 4.500 6 Advance to knockout stage
2  Hungary 3 2 0 1 7 5 1.400 4
3  Brazil 3 1 0 2 4 6 0.667 2
4  Bulgaria 3 0 0 3 1 8 0.125 0
Source: FIFA
Brazil 2–0 Bulgaria
Pelé 15'
Garrincha 63'		 Report
Attendance: 47,308
Portugal 3–1 Hungary
José Augusto 2', 67'
Torres 90'		 Report Bene 60'
Attendance: 29,886
Referee: Leo Callaghan (Wales)
Hungary 3–1 Brazil
Bene 2'
Farkas 64'
Mészöly 73' (pen.)		 Report Tostão 14'
Attendance: 51,387
Referee: Ken Dagnall (England)
Portugal 3–0 Bulgaria
Vutsov 7' (o.g.)
Eusébio 38'
Torres 81'		 Report
Attendance: 25,438
Referee: José María Codensal (Uruguay)
Portugal 3–1 Brazil
Simões 15'
Eusébio 27', 85'		 Report Rildo 73'
Attendance: 58,479
Hungary 3–1 Bulgaria
Davidov 43' (o.g.) [39]
Mészöly 45'
Bene 54'		 Report Asparuhov 15'
Attendance: 24,129
Referee: Roberto Goicoechea (Argentina)

Group 4

Pos Team Pld W D L GF GA GR Pts Qualification
1  Soviet Union 3 3 0 0 6 1 6.000 6 Advance to knockout stage
2  North Korea 3 1 1 1 2 4 0.500 3
3  Italy 3 1 0 2 2 2 1.000 2
4  Chile 3 0 1 2 2 5 0.400 1
Source: FIFA
Soviet Union 3–0 North Korea
Malofeyev 31', 88'
Banishevskiy 33'		 Report
Attendance: 23,006
Italy 2–0 Chile
Mazzola 8'
Barison 88'		 Report
Attendance: 27,199
Chile 1–1 North Korea
Marcos 26' (pen.) Report Pak Seung-zin 88'
Attendance: 13,792
Soviet Union 1–0 Italy
Chislenko 57' Report
Attendance: 27,793
North Korea 1–0 Italy
Pak Doo-ik 42' Report
Attendance: 17,829
Referee: Pierre Schwinte (France)
Soviet Union 2–1 Chile
Porkuyan 28', 85' Report Marcos 32'
Attendance: 16,027
Referee: John Adair (Northern Ireland)

Knockout stage

Bracket

 
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
          
 
23 July – London (Wembley)
 
 
 England1
 
26 July – London (Wembley)
 
 Argentina0
 
 England2
 
23 July – Liverpool
 
 Portugal1
 
 Portugal5
 
30 July – London (Wembley)
 
 North Korea3
 
 England (a.e.t.)4
 
23 July – Sheffield (Hillsborough)
 
 West Germany2
 
 West Germany4
 
25 July – Liverpool
 
 Uruguay0
 
 West Germany2
 
23 July – Sunderland
 
 Soviet Union1 Third place play-off
 
 Soviet Union2
 
28 July – London (Wembley)
 
 Hungary1
 
 Portugal2
 
 
 Soviet Union1
 

Quarter-finals

England 1–0 Argentina
Hurst 78' Report
Attendance: 90,584
West Germany 4–0 Uruguay
Haller 11', 83'
Beckenbauer 70'
Seeler 75'		 Report
Attendance: 40,007
Referee: Jim Finney (England)
Soviet Union 2–1 Hungary
Chislenko 5'
Porkuyan 46'		 Report Bene 57'
Attendance: 26,844
Portugal 5–3 North Korea
Eusébio 27', 43' (pen.), 56', 59' (pen.)
José Augusto 80'		 Report Pak Seung-zin 1'
Li Dong-woon 22'
Yang Seung-kook 25'
Attendance: 40,248

Semi-finals

West Germany 2–1 Soviet Union
Haller 43'
Beckenbauer 67'		 Report Porkuyan 88'
Attendance: 38,273
England 2–1 Portugal
B. Charlton 30', 80' Report Eusébio 82' (pen.)
Attendance: 94,493
Referee: Pierre Schwinte (France)

Third place play-off

Portugal 2–1 Soviet Union
Eusébio 12' (pen.)
Torres 89'		 Report Malofeyev 43' [40]
Attendance: 87,696
Referee: Ken Dagnall (England)

Final

England 4–2 (a.e.t.) West Germany
 Report
Attendance: 96,924

Goalscorers

With nine goals, Eusébio was the top scorer in the tournament. In total, 89 goals were scored by 47 players, with two of them credited as own goals.[41]

9 goals

6 goals

4 goals

3 goals

2 goals

1 goal

1 own goal

All-star team

Goalkeeper Defenders Midfielders Forwards

England Gordon Banks

England George Cohen
England Bobby Moore
Portugal Vicente
Argentina Silvio Marzolini

Germany Franz Beckenbauer
Portugal Mário Coluna
England Bobby Charlton

Hungary Flórián Albert
England Geoff Hurst
Portugal Eusébio

Source:[42]

Final standings

Results of 1966 FIFA World Cup
World map showing results of participants of the 1966 soccer world cup
  Champion   Runner-up   3rd place   4th place   1/4-finals   Group stage

Angola and Mozambique represented Portugal.

In 1986, FIFA published a report that ranked all teams in each World Cup up to and including 1986, based on progress in the competition, overall results and quality of the opposition.[43][44] The rankings for the 1966 tournament were as follows:

R Team G P W D L GF GA GD Pts.
1 England16510113+811
2 West Germany26411156+99
3 Portugal36501178+910
4 Soviet Union46402106+48
Eliminated in the quarter-finals
5 Argentina2421142+25
6 Hungary3420287+14
7 Uruguay1412125−34
8 North Korea4411259−43
Eliminated in the group stage
9 Italy431022202
10 Spain2310245−12
11 Brazil3310246−22
12 Mexico1302113−22
13 Chile4301225−31
 France1301225−31
15 Bulgaria3300318−70
16  Switzerland2300319−80

References

  1. ↑ "World Cup 1966". ITV Football 1955-1968. Retrieved 7 August 2020.
  2. ↑ Belam, Martin (28 July 2016). "9 surprising facts about the 1966 World Cup in England". The mirror. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
  3. ↑ ""1966 and all that..." - Contrasting England's 1966 and 2018 World Cup bids". currybetdotnet. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
  4. 1 2 3 "History of the FIFA World Cup Preliminary Competition (by year)" (PDF). FIFA.com. 27 July 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
  5. ↑ "UEFA Qualifiers for the World Cup 1966". Score Shelf. Archived from the original on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
  6. ↑ Kasprzak, Emma (15 June 2012). "World Cup Willie's sporting mascot legacy". BBC News. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  7. ↑ "World Cup Willie". footballandmusic.co.uk. 2007–2014. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  8. ↑ "The Footballs during the FIFA World Cup". Football Facts. FIFA. Archived from the original on 28 November 2013. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
  9. 1 2 3 "Why Africa boycotted the 1966 World Cup". BBC News. 12 July 2016.
  10. ↑ "This Time for Africa: The 1966 World Cup Boycott". Pundit Arena. 10 June 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
  11. ↑ Alegi, Peter (2010). "Chapter Four: Nationhood, Pan-Africanism, and Football after Independence; African Football Arrives on the World Stage". African Soccerscapes: How a Continent Changed the World's Game. Ohio University Press. p. 75.
  12. 1 2 "World Cup Tales: Boycott! When Africa & Asia Said 'Enough', 1966". twohundredpercent.net. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
  13. 1 2 "World Cup fears over North Korea in 1966". BBC News. 13 June 2010. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  14. 1 2 Southern, James (29 July 2016). "They Think it's all Diplomacy: North Korea, the Foreign Office and the 1966 World Cup". gov.uk. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  15. ↑ "1966: Football's World Cup stolen". BBC. 20 March 1966. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
  16. ↑ The Sunday Times Illustrated History of Football Reed International Books Limited. 1996. p.133 ISBN 1-85613-341-9
  17. ↑ Atherton, Martin (2008). The Theft of the Jules Rimet Trophy: The Hidden History of the 1966 World Cup. Meyer & Meyer Verlag. p. 93. ISBN 9781841262277. Retrieved 15 September 2010 – via Google Books.
  18. ↑ "Report exposes decades of West German doping". France 24. 5 August 2013.
  19. ↑ "Report: West Germany systematically doped athletes". USA Today. 3 August 2013.
  20. 1 2 3 "1966 FIFA World Cup England - Groups - FIFA.com". FIFA.com. Archived from the original on 6 April 2015. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
  21. ↑ "History of the World Cup Final Draw" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 June 2010. Retrieved 3 June 2010.
  22. ↑ Fett, Matthias (2 July 2020). "The game has changed – a systematic approach to classify FIFA World Cups". International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics. 12 (3): 455–470. doi:10.1080/19406940.2020.1784978. ISSN 1940-6940. S2CID 221714908.
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  25. ↑ Alsos, Jan. "1966 – Story of England '66". Planet World Cup. Archived from the original on 12 June 2010. Retrieved 3 June 2010.
  26. ↑ "Mundial de Inglaterra 1966 – SIGUEN LOS CHOREOS A SUDAMÉRICA". Todoslosmundiales.com.ar. Archived from the original on 3 July 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2010.
  27. ↑ Hackett, Robin (7 April 2011). "Blue is the colour". ESPNFC. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
  28. ↑ "Mundial de Inglaterra 1966 – EL ROBO DEL SIGLO". Todoslosmundiales.com.ar. Archived from the original on 5 June 2010. Retrieved 3 June 2010.
  29. ↑ "England's 2–1 win brings first final". Montreal Gazette. 27 July 1966. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  30. ↑ "ENGLAND PORTUGAL 1/2 FINAL WORLD CUP 1966". YouTube. 27 December 2007. Archived from the original on 13 March 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
  31. ↑ "West Germany Nips 10 Russians 2–1". Montreal Gazette. 26 July 1966. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  32. 1 2 3 McIlvanney, Hugh (30 July 2008). "From the Vault: Hurst's hat-trick wins the World Cup". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 June 2010. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  33. ↑ Reid, Ian; Zisserman, Andrew. "Goal-directed Video Metrology" (PDF). University of Oxford. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 March 2012. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  34. ↑ "Kenneth Wolstenholme". The Daily Telegraph. 27 March 2002. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2010. Kenneth Wolstenholme, who has died aged 81, was the voice of football on the BBC for almost a quarter of a century and the author of arguably the most celebrated words in British sports broadcasting, his commentary on England's last goal in the World Cup Final of 1966: "Some people are on the pitch. They think it's all over – it is now!"
  35. ↑ "World Cup fears over North Korea in 1966". BBC News. 13 June 2010. Retrieved 3 July 2018.
  36. ↑ "1966 FIFA World Cup England – Final". FIFA.com.
  37. ↑ "1966 FIFA World Cup England - Matches - England-Germany FR - FIFA.com". FIFA.com. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  38. ↑ Goal also credited to Roma own goal.
  39. ↑ Also credited to Vutsov own goal."Иван Давидов: 10 години пазих Гунди, с Котков пиех коняк" (in Bulgarian). blitz.bg. 7 September 2006.
  40. ↑ Goal also credited to Banishevskiy.
  41. ↑ "World Cup 1966 England – Top Scorer". worldfootball.net. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
  42. ↑ "All Star Team". football.sporting99.com. Archived from the original on 30 June 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
  43. ↑ "Permanent Table" (PDF). p. 230. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 June 2010. Retrieved 28 June 2014.
  44. ↑ "FIFA World Cup: Milestones, facts & figures. Statistical Kit 7" (PDF). FIFA. 26 March 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2013.
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