Francisco Martínez de la Rosa
Prime Minister of Spain
In office
10 January 1834  7 June 1835
MonarchIsabella II
Preceded byFrancisco Cea Bermúdez
Succeeded byJosé María Queipo de Llano
In office
28 February 1822  5 August 1822
MonarchFerdinand VII
Preceded byRamón López Pelegrín (acting)
Succeeded byEvaristo Fernández San Miguel y Valledor (acting)
Seat C of the Real Academia Española
In office
4 January 1821  7 February 1862
Preceded byManuel de Lardizábal y Uribe
Succeeded byLuis González Bravo
Director of the Real Academia Española
In office
21 November 1839  7 February 1862
Preceded byJosé Gabriel de Silva-Bazán
Succeeded byÁngel de Saavedra
Personal details
Born
Francisco de Paula Martínez de la Rosa y Cornejo

(1787-03-10)10 March 1787
Granada, Spain
Died7 February 1862(1862-02-07) (aged 74)
Madrid, Spain
Resting placePantheon of Illustrious Men
Political partyRealista Moderado
Alma materUniversity of Granada
Signature
Tombstone of Martínez de la Rosa and other five Spanish Liberal politicians of the 19th century at the Panteón de Hombres Ilustres, Atocha, Madrid, Spain

Francisco de Paula Martínez de la Rosa y Cornejo (March 10, 1787 – February 7, 1862) was a Spanish statesman and dramatist and the first prime minister of Spain to receive the title of President of the Council of Ministers.

He became Prime Minister in the opening months of the First Carlist War and his liberal government oversaw the promulgation of a new Spanish constitution: the Spanish Royal Statute of 1834.

Biography

He was born at Granada, and educated at the university there.[1]

He won popularity with a series of epigrams on local celebrities published under the title of El Cementerio de momo. During the struggle against Napoleon he took the patriotic side, was elected deputy, and at Cadiz produced his first play, Lo que puede un empleo, a prose comedy in the manner of the younger Leandro Fernández de Moratín. La Viuda de Padilia (1814), a tragedy modelled upon Alfieri, was less acceptable to the Spanish public.[1]

Meanwhile, the author became more and more engulfed in politics, and in 1814 was banished to Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera on the Barbary Coast,[2] where he remained until 1820, when he was suddenly recalled and appointed prime minister. During the next three years he was the most unpopular man in Spain; denounced as a revolutionist by the Conservatives and as a reactionary by the Liberals, he alienated the sympathies of all parties, and his rhetoric earned for him the contemptuous nickname of Rosita la Pastelera (Rosie the compromiser/cake maker).[1]

Exiled in 1823, he took refuge in Paris, where he issued his Obras literarias (1827), including his Arte poética, in which he exaggerated the literary theories already promulgated by Luzán.[1]

Returning to Spain in 1831, he became prime minister on the death of Ferdinand VII, but proved incapable of coping with the insurrectionary movement and resigned in 1834.[1] It is worth noting that, before retiring, Martinez de la Rosa, as President of the Cabinet, approved the royal decree that finally abolished the Spanish Inquisition.

He was ambassador at Paris in 1839-1840 and at Rome in 1842–1843, joined the Conservative party, held many important offices, and was president of congress and director of the Royal Spanish Academy at the time of his death, which took place at Madrid on the 7th of February 1862.[1]

As a statesman, Martinez de la Rosa never rose above mediocrity. It was his misfortune to be in place without real power, to struggle against a turbulent pseudo-democratic movement promoted by unscrupulous soldiers, and to contend with the intrigues of the king, the court camarilla and the clergy. But circumstances which hampered him in politics favoured his career in literature. He was not a great natural force; his early plays and poems are influenced by Leandro Moratín or by Juan Meléndez Valdés; his Espíritu del siglo (1835) is a summary of all the commonplaces concerning the philosophy of history; his Doña Isabel de Solís (1837–1846) is an imitation of Walter Scott's historical novels.[1]

Francisco de Paula Martínez de la Rosa

Through the accident of his exile at Paris he was thrown into relations with the leaders of the French Romantic Movement, and was so far impressed with the innovations of the new school as to write in French a romantic piece entitled Abén Humeya (1830), which was played at the Porte Saint-Martin. On his return to Madrid Martinez de la Rosa produced La Conjuracíon de Venecia (April 23, 1834), which entitles him to be called the pioneer of the romantic drama in Spain.[1]

Orders

Kingdom of Spain

Foreign

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Chisholm 1911.
  2. Appletons' annual cyclopaedia and register of important events of the year: 1862. New York: D. Appleton & Company. 1863. p. 684.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Española, Real Academia (1852). Diccionario de la lengua castellana (in Spanish). Imprenta Nacional.
  4. Española, Real Academia (1852). Diccionario de la lengua castellana (in Spanish). Imprenta Nacional.
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