Fred Upton
Official portrait, 2013
Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from Michigan
In office
January 3, 1987 – January 3, 2023
Preceded byMark D. Siljander
Succeeded byDebbie Dingell (redistricting)
Constituency4th district (1987–1993)
6th district (1993–2023)
Chair of the House Energy and Commerce Committee
In office
January 3, 2011 – January 3, 2017
Preceded byHenry Waxman
Succeeded byGreg Walden
Personal details
Born
Frederick Stephen Upton

(1953-04-23) April 23, 1953
St. Joseph, Michigan, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
Spouse
Amey Rulon-Miller
​
(m. 1983)​
Children2
RelativesEmory Upton (2x great grand-uncle)
Louis Upton (grand-uncle)
Kate Upton (niece)
EducationUniversity of Michigan (BA)

Frederick Stephen Upton (born April 23, 1953) is an American politician who served as a U.S. representative from Michigan from 1987 to 2023, representing the state's 6th congressional district since 1993. He is a member of the Republican Party. His district, numbered as the 4th district from 1987 to 1993, is based in Kalamazoo and stretches along the Michigan-Indiana border in the southwestern part of the state.

A former chairman of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, Upton has played a major role in shaping post-Obamacare health care legislation. He is the only person in American history to vote to impeach two presidents; he voted for the impeachment of Bill Clinton in 1998 and the second impeachment of Donald Trump in 2021, as one of ten Republicans who voted to impeach Trump.[1] After Sander Levin retired at the end of the 115th Congress, Upton became the dean of Michigan's congressional delegation.

Redrawn into the 4th district, Upton did not seek reelection in 2022, and retired from Congress upon his 18th term's expiration in 2023.[2]

Early life, education, and early political career

Upton was born in St. Joseph, Michigan, the son of Elizabeth B. (née Vial) and Stephen Edward Upton (1924–2022[3]).[4] He attended Shattuck-Saint Mary's, graduating in 1971.[5] He earned a B.A. in journalism from the University of Michigan in 1975. He was a member of the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity, Peninsular Chapter, and became a sports editor at The Michigan Daily and thought he might someday cover the Chicago Cubs.[6] He served on the congressional staff of U.S. Representative David Stockman from 1976 to 1980. He was in the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) under Ronald Reagan from 1981 to 1985, while Stockman served as OMB Director.[7]

U.S. House of Representatives

Upton during the 100th Congress
Upton with President Ronald Reagan in 1988
Upton with President George W. Bush in 2001

Elections

1986

Upton ran in Michigan's 4th congressional district against incumbent Mark Siljander, Stockman's successor. Upton won the Republican primary 55%–45%[8] and the general election with 62% of the vote.[9]

1988

Upton won reelection to a second term with 71% of the vote.[10]

1990

Upton defeated Ed Fredricks in the Republican primary, 63%–37%.[11] In the general election, he was reelected to a third term with 58% of the vote.[12]

2000

After redistricting, Upton decided to run in the newly redrawn Michigan's 6th congressional district, winning reelection to a fourth term with 62% of the vote.[13]

2002

After redistricting, Upton faced a primary challenge from State Senator Dale Shugars. Upton defeated Shugars 66%–32%.[14] He won the general election with 69% of the vote.[15]

2004

Upton defeated Democratic nominee Scott Elliott, an art gallery owner, 65%–32%.[16]

2006

Upton defeated Democratic nominee Kim Clark, 61%–38%.[17]

2008

Upton defeated Democratic nominee Don Cooney, a Kalamazoo City Commissioner, 59%–39%.[18]

2010

Upton defeated former State Representative Jack Hoogendyk in the Republican primary, 57%–43%.[19] In the general election, he defeated Cooney, 62%–34%.[20]

2012

In 2011, Hoogendyk met with the Club for Growth, a conservative 501(c)4 organization, about running against Upton again.[21] Upton had been criticized for not being conservative enough by Rush Limbaugh, Glenn Beck, FreedomWorks, Right to Life of Michigan, and the Southwest Michigan Tea Party Patriots.[22] On January 17, 2012, Hoogendyk announced that he would challenge Upton in the primary, the winner of which would face the Democratic nominee, former marine and businessman Mike O'Brien.[23][24]

Initial polls showed Upton with a sizable lead over O'Brien, but an October poll showed Upton and O'Brien in a dead heat heading into the final stretch of the campaign.[25][26]

2014

Upton won with 55.9% of the vote, defeating Democrat Paul Clements, Libertarian Erwin Haas, and Green Party candidate John Lawrence.

2016

Upton was reelected, defeating Democratic nominee Paul Clements, a political science professor at Western Michigan University, 58.5%–36.4%.

2018

Upton was reelected with 50.2% of the vote against Democratic nominee Matt Longjohn (45.75%) and U.S. Taxpayers Party candidate Stephen Young (4.1%).[27]

2020

Upton was reelected with 55.9% of the vote against Democratic nominee Jon Hoadley (40.2%), Libertarian Party nominee Jeff Depoy (2.75%), and Green Party candidate John Lawrence (1.2%).[28]

Tenure

Upton in 2019

Upton has been a member of moderate Republican factions The Tuesday Group and the Republican Main Street Partnership.[29] On February 4, 2021, he joined 10 other Republican House members voting with all voting Democrats to strip Marjorie Taylor Greene of her House Education and Labor Committee and House Budget Committee assignments in response to controversial political statements she had made.[30]

Health care

Upton voted against passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and has since voted in favor of its complete repeal. In November 2013, in response to Americans losing their health insurance coverage because of the ACA, Upton proposed a bill that would allow them to retain it.[31] The essence of his bill was to allow insurance companies to maintain their individual insurance market policies according to state insurance rules that were in effect as of 2013.[32] In 2017, Upton played an important role advancing Republican Party efforts to repeal the ACA.[33]

In 2013, Upton introduced a bill that would grant the Food and Drug Administration more power to regulate drug compounding in the wake of the New England Compounding Center meningitis outbreak.[34] In 2016, Obama signed the 21st Century Cures Act[35] into law, a bill Upton co-sponsored. The act establishes funds for biomedical research and to develop and implement a strategic plan for biomedical research.[36] In 2018, Upton and Representative Debbie Dingell worked together on legislation designed to combat opioid addiction. Among other things, it would allocate funding for research into new, non-addictive pain relievers.[37]

Environment and energy

In 2007 Upton co-sponsored the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007, which, among other things, mandated phased-in energy efficiency standards for most light bulbs.[38] At the time, he noted that the legislation, ultimately signed into law by President George W. Bush, would "help preserve energy resources and reduce harmful emissions, all while saving American families billions of dollars on their electric bills."[39] Glenn Beck called Upton "all socialist" for supporting the bill.[40]

In April 2009, Upton said that "climate change is a serious problem that necessitates serious solutions. Everything must be on the table."[41] But "Upton has gradually retreated from his moderate stance on climate change and carbon emissions."[42] He led a failed effort to stop the Obama administration from enforcing the new energy standards.[39]

Upton's website once stated: "I strongly believe that everything must be on the table as we seek to reduce carbon emissions."[42] In late 2010, he co-authored a Wall Street Journal opinion piece saying he was "not convinced" that "carbon is a problem in need of regulation" and urging Congress to overturn Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency.[43]

Upton and Ed Whitfield co-sponsored H.R. 910, the Energy Tax Prevention Act of 2011.[44] Due to his environmental policies, The Los Angeles Times wrote in 2011 that Upton "represents one of the biggest threats to planet Earth on planet Earth."[45]

In 2012, Upton, as chair of the House Energy and Commerce Committee, said that Congress's refusal to set greenhouse gas limits "constituted a decision and that lawmakers should act now to reverse the EPA emissions rules." Carbon regulation, he said, "threatens to drive energy prices higher, destroy jobs and hamstring our economic recovery."[46]

On October 22, 2013, Upton introduced the North American Energy Infrastructure Act (H.R. 3301; 113th Congress), a bill that would make changes to permitting requirements for pipelines and other energy infrastructure at international borders.[47][48] He said the bill "is a sincere effort to focus a targeted solution to lessons learned from the Keystone Pipeline... No one can rightly argue that the current presidential permit process as the State Department is not broken, no matter what side of the climate debate you're on."[49] Upton added, "we're creating a fair and transparent approval process for cross-border energy projects, putting them all on a level playing field for the benefit of North American energy security, lower energy prices, and jobs."[50]

As of 2017, Upton has received more than $2 million in campaign donations from oil and gas companies and electric utilities over the course of his political career.[51] In 2018, he joined the Climate Solutions Caucus.[52]

Technology and infrastructure

Upton introduced legislation to reverse the FCC's ruling on net neutrality in 2015.[53][54] On November 5, 2021, Upton was one of 13 House Republicans to break with their party and vote with a majority of Democrats in favor of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act.[55]

Guns

In 2019, Upton supported a bill that requires background checks for private firearm sales.[56] He has called for Congress to pass a bipartisan red flag law.[57]

In March 2021, Upton was one of eight Republicans to join the House majority in passing the Bipartisan Background Checks Act of 2021.[58]

LGBT rights

In 2004 and 2006, Upton voted for a constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage.[59] In 2019, he voted against the Equality Act, which would extend existing civil rights legislation to protect LGBT individuals from discrimination.[59]

In 2013, Upton condemned controversial anti-gay remarks by Republican National Committeeman David Agema.[60]

In 2021, Upton was one of 29 Republicans to vote to reauthorize the Violence Against Women Act.[61] This bill expanded legal protections for transgender people, and contained provisions allowing transgender women to use women's shelters and serve time in prisons matching their gender identity.[62]

In 2021, Upton was one of 33 Republicans to vote for the LGBTQ Business Equal Credit Enforcement and Investment Act.[63]

In 2021, Upton co-sponsored the Fairness for All Act, the Republican alternative to the Equality Act.[64] The bill would prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity, and protect the free exercise of religion.

On July 19, 2022, Upton and 46 other Republican Representatives voted for the Respect for Marriage Act, which would codify the right to same-sex marriage in federal law.[65]

Economy

In 2019, during the 116th Congress, Upton broke with his party, one of seven Republicans to side with Democrats by voting for legislation that would fund government services and end a shutdown.[66]

In February 2021, Upton voted against a $1.9 trillion COVID relief bill that provided $10 billion in federal aid to Michigan.[67]

Donald Trump

During Trump's presidency, Upton voted in line with Trump's stated position 78.6% of the time.[68]

In July 2019, Upton was one of four Republican House members to vote in support of a motion to condemn comments Trump made on Twitter calling on four Democratic Congresswomen, three of whom were born in the U.S., to "go back and help fix the totally broken and crime infested places from which they came."[69][70]

On December 18, 2019, Upton voted against both articles of impeachment against Trump.[71]

On January 12, 2021, Upton announced he would vote to impeach Trump in the pending vote on a second impeachment, claiming Trump incited the January 6 United States Capitol attack, becoming the fourth House Republican to say they would vote to impeach.[72][73] He ultimately did so alongside nine other Republicans on January 13.[74] On January 21, 2021, the Allegan County Republican Party censured Upton for his vote to impeach Trump.[75] He was later censured by the Cass County Republican Party for voting to remove Marjorie Taylor Greene from the House Education Committee.[76]

On May 19, 2021, Upton was one of 35 Republicans who joined all Democrats in voting to approve legislation to establish the January 6 commission meant to investigate the Capitol attack.[77] Before the vote, he was one of few Republican lawmakers to openly express support for the commission.[78]

Iraq

In June 2021, Upton was one of 49 House Republicans to vote to repeal the AUMF against Iraq.[79][80]

Steve Bannon

On October 21, 2021, Upton was one of nine House Republicans who voted to hold Steve Bannon in contempt of Congress.[81]

Immigration

Upton supports DACA.[82]

Upton voted for the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2020 which authorizes DHS to nearly double the available H-2B visas for the remainder of FY 2020.[83][84]

Upton voted for the Consolidated Appropriations Act (H.R. 1158),[85] which effectively prohibits ICE from cooperating with Health and Human Services to detain or remove illegal alien sponsors of unaccompanied alien children (UACs).

Abortion

Upton was one of three Republicans to vote for H.R. 8297: Ensuring Access to Abortion Act of 2022.[86]

Upton voted for H.R. 8373: The Right to Contraception Act. This bill was designed to protect access to contraceptives and health care providers' ability to provide contraceptives and information related to contraception.[87] The bill would also fund Planned Parenthood.[88]

Big Tech

In 2022, Upton was one of 39 Republicans to vote for the Merger Filing Fee Modernization Act of 2022, an antitrust package that would crack down on corporations for anti-competitive behavior.[89][90]

Committee assignments

Caucus memberships

Personal life

Upton's grandfather and eponym, Frederick Upton, served as vice-president of appliance manufacturer and marketer Whirlpool Corporation, headquartered in Benton Harbor, which was founded by his brother Louis Upton. He and his wife have two children.[99] Upton's niece is supermodel Kate Upton.[100][101] Open Secrets reported that Upton had a net worth of $78 million in 2018, making him one of Congress's richest members.[102]

Upton is a supporter of Michigan Wolverines athletics, as well as an enthusiastic Chicago Cubs baseball fan.[6] He is a member of the Emil Verban Society.[99]

Upton is a Congregationalist.[103]

Electoral history

See also

References

  1. ↑ Coleman, Justine (January 13, 2021). "Upton becomes first member of Congress to vote to impeach two presidents". The Hill. Retrieved November 11, 2021.
  2. ↑ Nann Burke, Melissa; LeBlanc, Beth (April 5, 2022). "'This is it for me': Upton plans to retire from U.S. House, won't face Huizenga in primary". The Detroit News. Retrieved April 5, 2022.
  3. ↑ Staff (December 28, 2022). "Stephen Upton Obituary". The Herald-Palladium. Retrieved December 28, 2022.
  4. ↑ "Frederick Stephen Upton". rootsweb.ancestry.com. Archived from the original on October 19, 2015. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  5. ↑ "Fred Upton". Archived from the original on August 23, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
  6. 1 2 Will, George F. (January 9, 2011). "Fred Upton, Rust Belt revolutionary". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 18, 2017. Retrieved September 20, 2017.
  7. ↑ "David Stockman, former southwest Michigan congressman and Reagan aide, offers dire view of U.S. economy". mlive. April 1, 2013. Retrieved July 6, 2023.
  8. ↑ "MI District 4 – R Primary Race". Our Campaigns. August 5, 1986. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  9. ↑ "MI District 4 Race". Our Campaigns. November 4, 1986. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  10. ↑ "MI District 4 Race". Our Campaigns. November 8, 1988. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  11. ↑ "MI District 4 – R Primary Race". Our Campaigns. August 7, 1990. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  12. ↑ "MI District 4 Race". Our Campaigns. November 6, 1990. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  13. ↑ "MI District 6 Race". Our Campaigns. November 3, 1992. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  14. ↑ "MI District 6 – R Primary Race". Our Campaigns. August 6, 2002. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  15. ↑ "MI District 6 Race". Our Campaigns. November 5, 2002. Archived from the original on October 24, 2014. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  16. ↑ "MI – District 06 Race". Our Campaigns. November 2, 2004. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  17. ↑ "MI – District 06 Race". Our Campaigns. November 7, 2006. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  18. ↑ "MI – District 06 Race". Our Campaigns. November 4, 2008. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  19. ↑ "MI District 06 – R Primary Race". Our Campaigns. August 3, 2010. Archived from the original on June 16, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  20. ↑ "MI – District 06 Race". Our Campaigns. November 2, 2010. Archived from the original on June 14, 2011. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  21. ↑ Toeplitz, Shira (November 2, 2011). "Club for Growth Encouraging Upton Primary Challenger". Roll Call. Archived from the original on February 2, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  22. ↑ Samuelsohn, Darren; Dobias, Matt (January 11, 2012). "Fred Upton still faces arrows from the right". Politico. Archived from the original on February 29, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  23. ↑ Klug, Fritz (January 17, 2012). "Jack Hoogendyk to challenge U.S. Rep. Fred Upton again for seat in Congress". Kalamazoo Gazette. Archived from the original on July 17, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  24. ↑ Coeman, Zak. "Democrat Campaigns for House". Western Herald. Archived from the original on May 11, 2012. Retrieved June 4, 2012.
  25. ↑ "House Race Ratings". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 4, 2012. Retrieved October 13, 2012.
  26. ↑ Klug, Fritz (October 13, 2012). "Southwest Michigan Politics: Mike O'Brien poll shows challenger in 'dead heat' with Congressman Fred Upton". MLive. Archived from the original on October 12, 2013. Retrieved October 13, 2012.
  27. ↑ "Michigan Election Results: Sixth House District". Archived from the original on November 13, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
  28. ↑
    2018 election
    Upton won reelection with 50.2% of the vote against Democratic candidate Matt Longjohn (45.75%) and U.S. Taxpayers Party candidate Stephen Young (4.1%).
  29. ↑ "Members". Republican Mains Street Partnership. Archived from the original on August 26, 2018. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
  30. ↑ Clare Foran, Daniella Diaz and Annie Grayer (February 4, 2021). "House votes to remove Marjorie Taylor Greene from committee assignments". CNN. Retrieved February 5, 2021.
  31. ↑ Parker, Ashley; Shear, Michael D. (November 13, 2013). "With Enrollment Slow, Some Democrats Back Change in Health Law". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 9, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2013. In addition, a vote is scheduled Friday in the Republican-controlled House on a bill that would allow Americans to keep their existing health coverage through 2014 without penalties. The measure, drafted by Representative Fred Upton, the Michigan Republican who is the chairman of the Energy and Commerce Committee, is opposed by the White House, which argues that it would severely undermine the Affordable Care Act by allowing insurance companies to continue to sell health coverage that does not meet the higher standard of Mr. Obama's health care law.
  32. ↑ Capretta, James C. (November 13, 2013). "The Upton Bill Is No Small Matter". The Weekly Standard. Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on November 2, 2013. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
  33. ↑ Scott, Dylan (November 5, 2018). "The 2 House Republicans who put it all on the line for Obamacare repeal could lose Tuesday". Vox. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  34. ↑ Cox, Ramsey (November 14, 2013). "Senate inches toward passing drug bill". The Hill. Archived from the original on November 15, 2013. Retrieved November 15, 2013.
  35. ↑ "21st Century Cures Signed into Law". Upton.house.gov. December 13, 2016. Archived from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
  36. ↑ "21st Century Cures Act: Health care bill passed by Congress would fund research on cancer, Alzheimer's, opioid addiction and more - CBS News". www.cbsnews.com. December 8, 2016. Retrieved July 6, 2023.
  37. ↑ Today, Detroit (May 24, 2018). "Rep. Fred Upton and Rep. Debbie Dingell Team Up to Battle Opioid Addiction". WDET 101.9 FM. Retrieved July 6, 2023.
  38. ↑ Fred Upton on Energy & Oil Archived November 10, 2018, at the Wayback Machine On the Issues, Accessed September 4, 2018
  39. 1 2 Grunwald, Michael "Long Live the Lightbulb. Big Government has made it better" Archived June 8, 2013, at the Wayback Machine Time magazine, May 20, 2013, p. Business-6, Accessed September 4, 2018
  40. ↑ "Fred Upton to revisit light bulb ban" Archived January 15, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Politico, November 18, 2010, Accessed September 4, 2018
  41. ↑ Upton hails KVCC wind energy program as Congress debates climate change bill Archived January 2, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, River Country Journal (April 24, 2009)
  42. 1 2 Sheppard, Kate (January 4, 2011) Fred Upton's Climate Changeup Archived January 5, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Mother Jones access-date September 4, 2018
  43. ↑ Upton, Fred; Phillips, Tim (December 28, 2010). "How Congress Can Stop the EPA's Power Grab". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on April 9, 2018. Retrieved August 3, 2017.
  44. ↑ Hawkins, Dave (February 9, 2011). "Dirty Air Extremism". Switchboard. Natural Resources Defense Council. Archived from the original on February 3, 2012. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  45. ↑ "Year in Review: Congress' 10 biggest enemies of the Earth". Los Angeles Times. December 14, 2011. Archived from the original on April 9, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
  46. ↑ Matthew L. Wald (June 26, 2012). "Court Backs E.P.A. Over Emissions Limits Intended to Reduce Global Warming". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 26, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
  47. ↑ "CBO – H.R. 3301". Congressional Budget Office. May 29, 2014. Archived from the original on July 13, 2014. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
  48. ↑ "H.R. 3301 – Summary". United States Congress. Archived from the original on July 7, 2014. Retrieved June 25, 2014.
  49. ↑ Carna, Timothy (June 24, 2014). "WH threatens veto of House oil pipeline bill". The Hill. Archived from the original on September 5, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
  50. ↑ Passut, Charlie (June 25, 2014). "House Passes Cross-Border Energy Infrastructure Bill". naturalgasintel.com. Natural Gas Intel. Archived from the original on September 5, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
  51. ↑ Coral Davenport and Eric Lipton (June 3, 2017). "How G.O.P. Leaders Came to View Climate Change as Fake Science". NYTimes.com. Archived from the original on September 14, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2018. Mr. Upton, who has received more than $2 million in campaign donations from oil and gas companies and electric utilities over the course of his career, won the chairmanship and has coasted comfortably to re-election since.
  52. ↑ Ben Geman (January 26, 2018) Scoop: Fred Upton joins bipartisan Climate Solutions Caucus Archived July 24, 2018, at the Wayback Machine Axios; Accessed September 4, 2018
  53. ↑ A Legislative Solution For Net Neutrality Is At Hand Archived May 15, 2018, at the Wayback Machine - Forbes
  54. ↑ THE FCC JUST KILLED NET NEUTRALITY. NOW WHAT? Archived May 16, 2018, at the Wayback Machine - Wired
  55. ↑ Annie Grayer (November 6, 2021). "These 6 House Democrats voted against the infrastructure bill. These 13 Republicans voted for it". CNN. Retrieved November 6, 2021.
  56. ↑ Burke, Melissa (January 28, 2019). "Gun background check bill has bipartisan support in Michigan delegation". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on February 7, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  57. ↑ ""Enough Is Enough" – Upton Calls For Red Flag Gun Laws". The Wall Street Journal. August 4, 2019. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
  58. ↑ Juliegrace Brufke (March 11, 2021). "The eight Republicans who voted to tighten background checks on guns". The Hill.
  59. 1 2 "Do homophobic attack ads work? It's complicated". NBC News. November 17, 2020. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  60. ↑ Zipp, Yvonne; Michigan Live; December 12, 2013; Congressman Fred Upton condemns Dave Agema's gay marriage comments Archived July 10, 2018, at the Wayback Machine
  61. ↑ "Roll Call 86 Roll Call 86, Bill Number: H. R. 1620, 117th Congress, 1st Session". Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives. March 17, 2021. Retrieved June 4, 2021.
  62. ↑ Davis, Susan (March 17, 2021). "House Renews Violence Against Women Act, But Senate Hurdles Remain". NPR. Retrieved June 4, 2021.
  63. ↑ "H.R. 1443: LGBTQ Business Equal Credit Enforcement and Investment Act -- House Vote #182 -- Jun 24, 2021".
  64. ↑ "Fairness for All Act (H.R. 1440)".
  65. ↑ Schnell, Mychael (July 19, 2022). "These are the 47 House Republicans who voted for a bill protecting marriage equality". The Hill. Retrieved July 25, 2022.
  66. ↑ "Republicans stand behind Trump on wall; a few cracks emerge". The Seattle Times. January 9, 2019. Archived from the original on January 9, 2019. Retrieved January 9, 2019.
  67. ↑ "Michigan delegation split 7-7 on $1.9T COVID relief bill vote ⋆ Michigan Advance". Michigan Advance. February 27, 2021. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  68. ↑ Bycoffe, Aaron (January 30, 2017). "Tracking Congress In The Age Of Trump". FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on January 2, 2019. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  69. ↑ Sonmez, Felicia; DeBonis, Mike (July 14, 2019). "President Trump tells four liberal congresswomen to 'go back' to their countries, prompting Pelosi to defend them". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 17, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2019.
  70. ↑ LeBlanc, Paul (July 16, 2019). "Here are the 4 Republicans who voted to condemn Trump's racist tweets". CNN.com. Archived from the original on July 17, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2019.
  71. ↑ "Here's how the House voted on Trump's impeachment". Politico. December 18, 2019. Archived from the original on October 9, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  72. ↑ Rieger, J. M. (January 12, 2021). "Analysis | The House Republicans who support impeaching President Trump". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 13, 2021.
  73. ↑ "U.S. Republican Rep. Fred Upton will vote to impeach Trump: spokesman". Reuters. January 13, 2021. Retrieved January 13, 2021.
  74. ↑ "These 10 House Republicans voted to impeach Trump on Wednesday". CNN. January 13, 2021. Retrieved January 13, 2021.
  75. ↑ "Allegan County Republicans censure Congressman Fred Upton for Trump impeachment vote". January 23, 2021. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
  76. ↑ Mastrangelo, Dominick (February 24, 2021). "Upton censured for vote to remove Marjorie Taylor Greene from Education Committee". The Hill. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
  77. ↑ LeBlanc, Paul (May 19, 2021). "Here are the 35 House Republicans who voted for the January 6 commission". CNN. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
  78. ↑ Grayer, Annie (May 19, 2021). "House sends bill creating January 6 commission to the Senate". CNN. Retrieved May 19, 2021.
  79. ↑ "House votes to repeal 2002 Iraq War authorization". NBC News. June 17, 2021.
  80. ↑ "Final vote results for roll call 172". clerk.house.gov. Retrieved November 23, 2023.
  81. ↑ "These are the 9 House Republicans who voted to hold Steve Bannon in contempt of Congress". CNN. October 21, 2021.
  82. ↑ https://news.wttw.com/sites/default/files/article/file-attachments/2017-12-05-DACA_Letter_1.pdf
  83. ↑ "Text - H.R.1865 - 116th Congress (2019-2020): Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020". December 20, 2019.
  84. ↑ "Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives". Archived from the original on November 18, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2022.
  85. ↑ "H.R. 1158: DHS Cyber Hunt and Incident Response Teams Act … -- House Vote #690 -- Dec 17, 2019".
  86. ↑ "H.R. 8297: Ensuring Access to Abortion Act of 2022 -- House Vote #362 -- Jul 15, 2022".
  87. ↑ "H.R. 8373: To protect a person's ability to access contraceptives … -- House Vote #385 -- Jul 21, 2022".
  88. ↑ "Democrats' contraception bill would force taxpayer funding for Planned Parenthood". July 21, 2022.
  89. ↑ "House passes antitrust bill that hikes M&A fees as larger efforts targeting tech have stalled". CNBC. September 29, 2022.
  90. ↑ "H.R. 3843: Merger Filing Fee Modernization Act of 2022 -- House Vote #460 -- Sep 29, 2022".
  91. ↑ "Congressional Automotive Caucus". Congressman Dale Killdee. Archived from the original on October 16, 2012. Retrieved October 29, 2012.
  92. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Representative Frederick 'Fred' Stephen Upton's Biography". Project Vote Smart. Archived from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved October 29, 2012.
  93. ↑ "Our Members". U.S. House of Representatives International Conservation Caucus. Archived from the original on August 1, 2018. Retrieved August 5, 2018.
  94. ↑ "Members". House Baltic Caucus. Archived from the original on February 21, 2018. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  95. ↑ "Membership". Congressional Arts Caucus. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved March 13, 2018.
  96. ↑ Zwick, Jesse (January 29, 2011). "Tuesday Mourning". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
  97. ↑ "Featured Members". Problem Solvers Caucus. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
  98. ↑ "Members". Republican Mains Street Partnership. Archived from the original on August 26, 2018. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
  99. 1 2 "Representative Frederick 'Fred' Stephen Upton". Project Vote Smart. Archived from the original on October 18, 2011. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
  100. ↑ Leach, Robin (February 14, 2012). "Photos and videos: Kate Upton — from S.I. Rookie of the Year to cover girl". Las Vegas Sun. Archived from the original on February 19, 2012. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
  101. ↑ "Meet Kate Upton's Uncle". Weeklystandard.com. July 30, 2012. Archived from the original on October 19, 2015. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
  102. ↑ "Fred Upton- Net Worth - Personal Finances". OpenSecrets.
  103. ↑ Religious affiliation of members of 116th Congress (PDF) (Report). Pew Research Center. January 3, 2019. Retrieved April 22, 2023.
  104. 1 2 "Office of the House Clerk – Electoral Statistics". Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on July 30, 2008.
  105. 1 2 "Election Results". Federal Election Commission. Archived from the original on September 25, 2013. Retrieved May 4, 2017.
  106. ↑ "Previous Election Information". Michigan Department of State. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
  107. ↑ "2016 Michigan Official General Election Results - 11/08/2016". Miboecfr.nictusa.com. Archived from the original on February 3, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.
  108. ↑ "GOP Rep. Fred Upton has fended off Democrat Jon Hoadley to win Michigan's 6th Congressional District". Business Insider.

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