Ali Gaffar Okkan (1952 – January 24, 2001) was a Turkish police chief who was assassinated in an ambush in Diyarbakır, southeastern Turkey.

Early life

Ali Gaffar Okkan was born in Hendek, Sakarya Province in 1952. He was of Georgian descent by his family.^[1] He graduated from Police College on September 30, 1970, and attended the Police Academy in Ankara. He completed his education on September 29, 1973.^[2]

Career

Okkan was commissioned in the rank of Assistant İnspector (Turkish: Komiser yardımcısı) to Izmir Police Directorate, where he served in many posts until he was then promoted to Superintendent (Turkish: Emniyet amiri) with his appointment to Şanlıurfa in 1983. He became Chief superintendent (Turkish: Şube amiri) in 1985. Later in 1986, Okkan was appointed to Eskişehir on the post of the General Directorate of Security. He was promoted to the rank of Assistant Commissioner (Turkish: Emniyet Müdür Yardımcısı or 2. Sınıf Emniyet Müdürü) in 1992.

On December 6, 1993, Okkan was promoted to Commissioner (Turkish: 1. Sınıf Emniyet Müdürü), the second-highest position in the hierarchy of the police organization in Turkey, and was appointed Police Chief in Kars Province, eastern Turkey.^[2]

His next assignment was to Diyarbakır, where there had been a prolonged insurgency by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and Kurdish Hezbollah. The area's population had seen undergone considerable emigration abroad.^[2]

Serving in Diyarbakır

Soon after his arrival in Diyarbakır, a center of conflict with Kurdish separatists and guerillas,^[3][4] he made an announcement on police radio: "From 3310 (Okkan's badge number) to HQ. Since two days, I have been on inspection in the city, and I realize that my colleagues have no sense of duty. This is my first and last warning." This announcement was a sign of what he was not, the sort of his predecessor police chiefs. One of his first official activities before assuming office was to unblock the street in front of the police headquarters, which was barred to civilians for security reasons.^[2] He soon also lifted the security roadblocks within the city^[5] and installed surveillance cameras covering critical locations in the city for crime prevention. Okkan used to observe the streets of Diyarbakır on the giant monitor in his office during the evening.^[2]

In the chaotic atmosphere of Diyarbakır, police officers preferred to stay in the office for so-called "desk duties", since going out on the streets was seen as very risky. Okkan sent all police officers, male and female, out on the streets, asking them: "What are we afraid of?" He instructed his subordinates to treat the town's citizens with kindness and affection.^[2]

Assassination

On January 24, 2001, Gaffar Okkan left his office at the headquarters for a meeting with the Province Governor Cemil Serhadlı. Around 17:40 local time, as he was underway in his official car escorted by police cars, the convoy was ambushed by unidentified gunmen in a distance of less than 1 km (1,100 yd) from the headquarters^[10][11] in downtown at Sezai Karakoç Boulevard between the Meat & Fish Corp. (Turkish: Et ve Balık Kurumu) building and Eflatun Park.^[2] The assailants opened fire with long-barrel rifles and killed Okkan.^[9][11][12] Three police officers were killed at the spot, two other officers died in a hospital.^[5] Four officers were wounded during the attack.^{[3][4][8][10][11]} The gunmen opened also the door of Okkan's car, and fired a couple of times at point-blank range in order to be sure of his death.^[2] There was no mobile phone communication between the assailants, who fled rapidly.^[11]

Almost 20 bullets hit the police chief’s head.^[11] The names of the officers died in the attack were given as Sabri Gün, Mehmet Sepetçi, Atilla Durmuş, Selahattin Baysoy, Mehmet Kamalı and of the officers wounded as Nuri Bozkurt, Mustafa Dince, Veli Göktepe and Fatih Gökçek.^[7]

It was reported that one of the assailants was apparently injured in the following shootout with police.^[9] 469 empty Kalashnikov cartridges were found at the crime scene, fired from 16 different rifles.^[11] Police searched the area extensively for perpetrator,^[10][11] and detained several suspects.^[9][13] No militant group claimed responsibility for the assassination.^{[3][4][9][10][13][14]} However, the attack was attributed to the Hezbollah, as the main suspect, from which Okkan had received death threats.^{[3][5][6][8][9][10][15]}

Following a state memorial in Diyarbakır,^[5] where he was appointed three years ago,^[9] Okkan's corpse was transferred to his hometown, and laid to rest in Hendek. He was survived by his wife Zerrin Okkan and daughter Sezin Okkan.^[15]

Aftermath

Okkan's death caused deep sorrow among the citizens of Diyarbakır.^[7] A condolence book was placed in the police headquarters. A marketplace salesman wrote in the book "For the first time in our life, we witnessed a police chief gave his mobile phone's number. Can you imagine I felt myself also as a police chief, so comfortable when I visited him in his office without any cause?"^[2]

The next day, thousands of mourning Turks and Kurds gathered for an apparently spontaneous mass demonstration in the city to protest the assassination, chanting slogans condemning the attack.^[5][13][14] The people marched to the governor's office building, where they held a moment of silence, paying their tribute before the coffins of the murdered police officers draped in Turkish flag.^[5]

In a press meeting held in Konak Square, Izmir, the People's Democracy Party (HADEP), a Kurdish nationalist political party, condemned the assassination, demanded immediate capture of the attackers, and insisted the parliament set up an investigative committee.^[16]

During the Ergenekon trials in August 2008, a former member of PKK, who became a turned-informant, claimed that JİTEM (for Gendarmerie Intelligence and Counter-Terrorism), a secret illegal unit formed under the gendarmerie, had carried out the 2001 assassination. He gave the rationale that JİTEM could operate in the region easily before Okkan's appointment. He added that Kurdish Hezbollah had never attacked a state official before, even though they had been investigated by Okkan.^[12] In 2011, a police officer, who was wounded in the 2001 attack as one of Okkan's guards, also suspected JİTEM of staging the assassination.^[8]

The investigation culminated with the apprehension of two suspects who were later tried before Diyarbakır's 5th High Criminal Court and, in 2010, found guilty of involvement in the assassination. The court further stated that the attack was prepared a long time before by professional killers and that the planners as well as their connection abroad could not be traced back.^[11]

Legacy

Following the assassination, many families in Diyarbakır named their newborn sons Ali Gaffar or Gaffar Okkan, after their city's much-beloved public figure.^[6][8] In 2011, 101 namesake boys from Diyarbakır visited Okkan's grave in Hendek to pay respect to him in a memorial ceremony in presence of Okkan's wife and daughter on the 10th anniversary of his death as part of a project called "Journey of Hearts: Martyr Ali Gaffar Okkan, A Story of Brotherhood".^[6][8]

Educational institutions named after him across the country are primary schools in Yüreğir, Adana,^[17] Odunpazarı, Eskişehir,^[18] and Hendek, Sakarya,^[19] a highschool in Yenişehir, Diyarbakır^[20] and a police college also in Diyarbakır.^[21] Many streets bear his name, including in Büyükçekmece, Istanbul,^[22] Başakşehir, Istanbul,^[23] Esentepe, Istanbul,^[24] Gölbaşı, Ankara,^[25] Buca, Izmir,^[26] Ceyhan, Adana,^[27] Gürsu, Bursa,^[28] Tepebaşı, Eskişehir,^[29] Balıkesir,^[30] Gebze, Kocaeli,^[31] Derince, Kocaeli,^[32] Hendek, Sakarya,^[33] Turgutlu, Manisa,^[34] Atakum, Samsun,^[35] Fethiye, Muğla,^[36] Çiftlikköy, Yalova,^[37] Kars,^[38] Siirt^[39] and further a neighborhood in Salihli, Manisa.^[40] Public parks with his name are found in Küçükçekmece, Istanbul^[41] and Kartal, Istanbul.^[42] A police station in Odunpazarı, Eskişehir^[43] and a sports complex in Kars^[44] are named also in his honor.

See also

• List of unsolved murders

References