Gale Sondergaard
Sondergaard in 1940
Born
Edith Holm Sondergaard

(1899-02-15)February 15, 1899
Litchfield, Minnesota, U.S.
DiedAugust 14, 1985(1985-08-14) (aged 86)
Woodland Hills, California, U.S.
OccupationActress
Years active1936–1983
Spouses
Neill O'Malley
​
​
(m. 1922; div. 1930)​
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1930; died 1971)​
    Children2

    Gale Sondergaard (born Edith Holm Sondergaard; February 15, 1899 – August 14, 1985) was an American actress.

    Sondergaard began her acting career in theater and progressed to films in 1936. She was the first recipient of the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her film debut in Anthony Adverse (1936). She regularly had supporting roles in films during the late 1930s and 1940s, including The Cat and the Canary (1939), The Mark of Zorro (1940) and The Letter (1940). For her role in Anna and the King of Siam (1946), she was nominated for her second Best Supporting Actress Academy Award. After the late 1940s, her screen work came to an abrupt end for the next 20 years.

    Married to director Herbert Biberman, Sondergaard supported him when he was accused of communism and named as one of the Hollywood Ten in the early 1950s. She moved with Biberman to New York City and worked in theatre, and acted in film and television occasionally from the late 1960s. She moved back to Los Angeles, where she died from cerebrovascular thrombosis.

    Early life

    Sondergaard was born in Litchfield, Minnesota, to Danish immigrants, Hans Sondergaard (born Hans Tjellesen Schmidt Søndergaard) and Anna Kirstine Søndergaard (née Holm). Her father taught at the University of Minnesota, where she was a drama student.[1]

    Stage and film career

    Until the late 1940s

    Sondergaard studied acting at the Minneapolis School of Dramatic Arts before joining the John Keller Shakespeare Company. She later toured North America in productions of Hamlet, Julius Caesar, The Merchant of Venice and Macbeth. After joining the Theatre Guild, she began performing on the New York stage.[2]

    in the trailer for Dramatic School (1938)

    She made her first film appearance in Anthony Adverse (1936) as Faith Paleologus, for which she received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.[1][3] Her career flourished during the 1930s, including a role with Paul Muni in The Life of Emile Zola (1937).[4]

    in the trailer for The Letter (1940)

    During pre-production of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's classic The Wizard of Oz (1939), an early idea was to have the Wicked Witch of the West portrayed as a slinky, glamorous villainess in a black, sequined costume, inspired by the Evil Queen in Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937).[1] Sondergaard was cast as the witch and photographed for two wardrobe tests, both of which survive—one as a glamorous witch, and another as a conventionally ugly one. After the decision was made to have an ugly witch, Sondergaard, reluctant to wear the disfiguring makeup and fearing it could damage her career, withdrew from the role, and it went to veteran character actress Margaret Hamilton.[5]

    Sondergaard was cast as the sultry and slinky Tylette, a magically humanized but devious cat, in The Blue Bird (1940),[6] and played the exotic, sinister Eurasian wife in The Letter (1940) starring Bette Davis.[1] She had a supporting role in The Spider Woman (aka Sherlock Holmes and the Spider Woman, 1943),[7] part of the Universal cycle, followed by the non-canonical The Spider Woman Strikes Back (1946), also for Universal.

    She received a second Academy Award nomination as Best Supporting Actress for her role as the king's principal wife in Anna and the King of Siam (1946).[8]

    House Un-American Activities Committee

    Sondergaard's career suffered irreparable damage during the United States Congressional HUAC Red Scare of the early 1950s when her husband was accused of being a communist and named as one of the Hollywood Ten.[9] With her career stalled, she supported her husband during the production of Salt of the Earth (1954).[10][11] They sold their home in Hollywood shortly after they completed Salt of the Earth and moved to New York where Sondergaard was able to work in theatre.[9]

    Later career

    In 1969, she appeared in an off-Broadway one-woman show, Woman. She resumed her career in film and television around the same time.[7] Her revived career extended into the early 1980s.

    Personal life

    Her younger sister Hester Sondergaard was also an actress who featured in Seeds of Freedom (1943), The Naked City (1948), Jigsaw (1949) and The Big Break (1953).[12]

    Sondergaard married actor Neill O'Malley in 1922; they divorced in 1930. On May 15, 1930, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, she married director Herbert Biberman, who was then associated with the Theatre Guild Acting Company. He became a film director and died in 1971.[13] They adopted two children, Joan Kirstine Biberman (married name Campos, 1940) and Daniel Hans Biberman.[1]

    Following several strokes, Sondergaard died from cerebral vascular thrombosis in the Motion Picture and Television Hospital in Woodland Hills, California in 1985, aged 86. She had been admitted to the hospital in 1982.[1][7]

    Acting credits

    Stage

    Opening date Closing date Title Role Theatre Refs
    Oct 08, 1928 Nov 1928 Faust The Witch Guild Theatre [14]
    Nov 19, 1928 Jan 1929 Major Barbara Sarah Undershaft, Lady Britomart's daughter Guild Theatre [15]
    Oct 7, 1929 Nov 1929 Karl and Anna Marie's sister Guild Theatre [16]
    Dec 17, 1929 Feb 1930 Red Rust Nina Martin Beck Theatre [17]
    May 11, 1931 May 23, 1931 Alison's House Elsa - Replacement Ritz Theatre [18]
    Feb 21, 1933 March 1933 American Dream Lydia Kimball, The First Play, 1650 Guild Theatre [19]
    May 17, 1934 Jul 1934 Invitation to a Murder Lorinda Channing Theatre Masque [20]
    Nov 6, 1933 Nov 1933 Doctor Monica Anna Playhouse Theatre [21]
    Dec 19, 1940 Dec 28, 1940 Cue for Passion Frances Chapman Royale Theatre [22]
    Apr 02, 1980 April 26, 1980 Goodbye Fidel Prudencia Ambassador Theatre [23]

    Film and television

    Year Title Role Notes Refs
    1936 Anthony Adverse Faith Paleologus first winner of Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress [4]
    1937 Maid of Salem Martha Harding [4]
    Seventh Heaven Nana, Diane's Sister [4]
    The Life of Emile Zola Lucie Dreyfus [4]
    1938 Lord Jeff Doris Clandon [4]
    Dramatic School Madame Therese Charlot [4]
    1939 Never Say Die Juno Marko [4]
    Juarez Empress Eugenie [4]
    Sons of Liberty Rachel Salomon short [24]
    The Cat and the Canary Miss Lu [4]
    The Llano Kid Lora Travers [4]
    1940 The Blue Bird Tylette (the cat) [4]
    The Mark of Zorro Inez Quintero [4]
    The Letter Mrs. Hammond [4]
    1941 The Black Cat Abigail Doone [4]
    Paris Calling Colette [4]
    1942 My Favorite Blonde Madame Stephanie Runick [4]
    Enemy Agents Meet Ellery Queen Mrs. Van Dorn [4]
    1943 A Night to Remember Mrs. Devoe [4]
    Appointment in Berlin Gretta Van Leyden [4]
    Isle of Forgotten Sins Marge Willison [4]
    The Strange Death of Adolf Hitler Anna Huber [4]
    Crazy House Herself uncredited [4]
    1944 The Spider Woman Adrea Spedding aka Sherlock Holmes and the Spider Woman [4]
    Follow the Boys Herself uncredited [4]
    The Invisible Man's Revenge Lady Irene Herrick [4]
    Christmas Holiday Mrs. Monette [4]
    Gypsy Wildcat Rhoda [4]
    The Climax Luise [4]
    Enter Arsène Lupin Bessie Seagrave [4]
    1946 The Spider Woman Strikes Back Zenobia Dollard [4]
    Night in Paradise Queen Attossa [4]
    Anna and the King of Siam Lady Thiang nominated — Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress [4]
    The Time of Their Lives Emily [4]
    1947 Pirates of Monterey Señorita De Sola [4]
    Road to Rio Catherine Vail [4]
    1949 East Side, West Side Nora Kernan [4]
    1969 Slaves New Orleans lady [4]
    It Takes a Thief Madame Olga Millard episode: "The Scorpio Drop"
    1970 Get Smart Hester Van Hooten episode: "Rebecca of Funny-Folk Farm"
    Tango TV movie
    The Best of Everything Amanda Key 2 episodes
    Savage Intruder Leslie [25]
    1971 Night Gallery Abigail Moore episode: "The Dark Boy" [26]
    The Bold Ones: The Lawyers Mrs. Marley episode: "The Letter of the Law"
    1973 The Cat Creature Hester Black TV movie [27]
    1974 Medical Center Myra episode: "Adults Only"
    Nakia Bert episode: "The Quarry"
    Police Story Marge White episode: "A World Full of Hurt"
    1976 Ryan's Hope Marguerite Beaulac 6 episodes
    The Return of a Man Called Horse Elk Woman [4]
    Pleasantville Ora
    Hollywood on Trial Herself documentary [4]
    1977 Visions Ora Drummond Episode: "Pleasantville" [28]
    1978 Centennial Aunt Augusta TV miniseries
    1981 The Fall Guy Mrs. Jackson episode: "The Human Torch"
    1983 Echoes Mrs. Edmunds [4]

    See also

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Nissen, Axel (2007). Actresses of a Certain Character: Forty Familiar Hollywood Faces from the Thirties to the Fifties. McFarland & Company. pp. 196–202. ISBN 978-0-7864-2746-8.
    2. ↑ "Gale Sondergaard". International Broadway Database. The Broadway League. Retrieved August 2, 2014.
    3. ↑ "The 9th Academy Awards". Oscars.org. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
    4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 "Gale Sodergaard". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. American Film Institute. Retrieved August 1, 2014.
    5. ↑ Fricke, John (1990). The Wizard of Oz : the official 50th anniversary pictorial history. Jay Scarfone, William Stillman. New York, NY: Warner Books. ISBN 0-446-39186-7. OCLC 22355530.
    6. ↑ Lev, Peter (March 15, 2013). Twentieth Century-Fox: The Zanuck-Skouras Years, 1935–1965. University of Texas Press. pp. 67–68. ISBN 978-0-292-74447-9.
    7. 1 2 3 Folkart, Burt A. (August 15, 1985). "Gale Sondergaard Dies; Movies' 'Spider Woman'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 24, 2017.
    8. ↑ "1946 19th Oscar nominees". Oscar.org. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
    9. 1 2 Hogan, David J. (June 1, 2014). The Wizard of Oz FAQ: All That's Left to Know About Life, According to Oz. Applause Theatre & Cinema Books. pp. 113–115. ISBN 978-1-4803-9719-4.
    10. ↑ Eagan, Daniel (November 26, 2009). America's Film Legacy: The Authoritative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 483. ISBN 978-1-4411-1647-5.
    11. ↑ Baker, Ellen R. (March 12, 2007). On Strike and on Film: Mexican American Families and Blacklisted Filmmakers in Cold War America. UNC Press Books. p. 106. ISBN 978-1-4696-0654-5.
    12. ↑ "Hester Sodergaard". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. American Film Institute. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
    13. ↑ "A Theatre Guild Wedding: Gale Sondergaard, Actress, Bride of H.J. Biberman, Executive", The New York Times, May 16, 1930.
    14. ↑ "Faust". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
    15. ↑ "MajorBarbara". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
    16. ↑ "Karl and Anna". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
    17. ↑ "Red Rust". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
    18. ↑ "Alison's House". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
    19. ↑ "American Dream". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
    20. ↑ "Invitation to a Murder". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
    21. ↑ "Doctor Monica". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
    22. ↑ "Cue for Passion". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
    23. ↑ "Goodbye Fidel". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
    24. ↑ Clancy Steer, Deirdre (2009). Colonial America. Infobase Publishing. p. 63. ISBN 978-1-4381-2728-6.
    25. ↑ Lenburg, Jeff; Howard Maurer, Joan; Lenburg, Greg (2012). The Three Stooges Scrapbook. Chicago Review Press. p. 353. ISBN 978-1-61374-085-9.
    26. ↑ Skelton, Scott; Benson, Jim (1999). Rod Serling's Night Gallery: An After-hours Tour. Syracuse University Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-8156-2782-1.
    27. ↑ McKenna, Michael (August 22, 2013). The ABC Movie of the Week: Big Movies for the Small Screen. Scarecrow Press. pp. 117–118, 210. ISBN 978-0-8108-9157-9.
    28. ↑ Roberts, Jerry (June 5, 2009). Encyclopedia of Television Film Directors. Scarecrow Press. pp. 345, 455. ISBN 978-0-8108-6378-1.

    Further reading

    • Maltin, Leonard (2015) [First published 1969]. "Gale Sondergaard". The Real Stars : Profiles and Interviews of Hollywood's Unsung Featured Players (softcover) (Sixth / eBook ed.). Great Britain: CreateSpace Independent. pp. 230–246. ISBN 978-1-5116-4485-3.
    • Alistair, Rupert (2018). "Gale Sondergaard". The Name Below the Title : 65 Classic Movie Character Actors from Hollywood's Golden Age (softcover) (First ed.). Great Britain: Independently published. pp. 240–243. ISBN 978-1-7200-3837-5.
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