Geranium viscosissimum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Geraniales
Family: Geraniaceae
Genus: Geranium
Species:
G. viscosissimum
Binomial name
Geranium viscosissimum
Fisch. & C.A. Mey. ex C.A. Mey.
Synonyms

Geranium attenuilobum G.N. & F.F. Jones

Geranium viscosissimum, commonly known as the sticky purple geranium, is a perennial in the flowering plant family Geraniaceae.[1] It is thought to be a protocarnivorous plant.

Distribution

This herbaceous perennial plant is native to the Northwestern United States, California, and Nevada, including in the Great Basin and Rocky Mountains regions; and to Western Canada, including in the Canadian Rockies.

Habitats it is found in include ponderosa pine forest, northern juniper woodland, lowland to higher elevation meadows, and wetland-riparian zones; from 3,300–8,200 feet (1,000–2,500 m) in elevation.

Description

Microscopic image of anther and pollen of a Geranium viscosissimum from Yellowstone park

Geranium viscosissimum is a large, clumped 0.5–3 feet (0.15–0.91 m) tall perennial wild geranium. The stem, leaves, and flower stalks are covered with sticky hairs.[2] The right-green leaves are dissected, many-toothed, and deeply-lobed.

Its bloom period is April to September, depending on elevation and latitude. It has saucer-shaped, pink-to-purple flowers[2] measuring 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) with reddish-purple lines on the petals. They occur in an open cluster near the top of strong, branching and leafy flower stalks,[2] which are 1–2 feet (0.30–0.61 m) tall.

Carnivorous syndrome

In his 1999 journal article, G. G. Spomer tested several plants in the Pacific Northwest for the carnivorous syndrome, using the digestion of proteins as the diagnostic tool to determine which plants appeared to produce protease enzymes capable of breaking down potential prey. Geranium viscosissimum displayed a capability to digest and absorb the 14C-labeled algal protein placed on the sticky trichomes that the plant possesses. However, it is not known whether the digestive enzymes were produced by the plant itself or surface microbes.[3] Additionally, some definitions of carnivory require the plant to gain some tangible benefit in capturing and digesting prey, such as increased seed yield or growth. Such an experiment has not been done with this species.

Uses

The flowers and leaves of this species are edible, but reported to be astringent. The flowers can be added to salads or used as a garnish.[4]

Medicinal

Blackfeet Indians used an infusion from this plant to treat diarrhea and gastric upset and urinary irritations. The root of this plant is astringent and was dried and powdered and used by Native Americans to stop external bleeding.[5][6]

An infusion of the leaves has also been used to treat colds and sore throats. The leaves and roots have been made into a poultice and used to treat sore eyes via an infusion.[4]

Cultivation

Geranium viscosissimum is cultivated as an ornamental plant by specialty plant nurseries, for use in native plant and wildlife gardens.[7][8] The plant attracts butterflies.[9]

See also

References

  1. ↑ USDA Plants Database
  2. 1 2 3 Taylor, Ronald J. (1994) [1992]. Sagebrush Country: A Wildflower Sanctuary (rev. ed.). Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Pub. Co. p. 62. ISBN 0-87842-280-3. OCLC 25708726.
  3. ↑ Spomer, G.G. (1999). Evidence of protocarnivorous capabilities in Geranium viscosissimum and Potentilla arguta and other sticky plants. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 160(1): 98-101.
  4. 1 2 Fisch. & C. A. Mey. "Geranium viscosissimum Sticky Geranium, Sticky purple geranium". PFAF Plant Database. Retrieved 2021-11-15.
  5. ↑ Native American Ethnobotany Database.org: Geranium viscosissimum
  6. ↑ Edible and Medicinal Plants of the West, Gregory L. Tilford, ISBN 0-87842-359-1
  7. ↑ Calscape.org: Geranium viscosissimum
  8. ↑ Las Pilitas Nursery Horticulture Database: Geranium viscosissimum (Sticky Geranium, Klamath Geranium)
  9. ↑ Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Native Plant Information Network−NPIN: Geranium viscosissimum (Sticky purple geranium, Sticky wild geranium) — horticulture info.
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