A gentleman and a lady in smock.
Celebrants in smock during the 2023 World Damba Festival in Germany.
Ghana's former president John Mahama meeting a foreign leader in a smock.
A boy wearing a heavy smock
A man wearing a light smock
A sleeveless smock in display

The Ghanaian Smock or Tani is a fabric worn by both women and men in Ghana.[1] It is the most popular traditional attire in the country. The fabric is called Tani in Dagbani, while the male and female wear are respectively called Bin'gmaa and Bin'mangli. The smock is formally worn with a hat (zipligu), footwear (muɣri), and a trouser (kurugu).[2]

Other names

The smock is also called Bun-nwↃ or Bana by Mamprusis, fugu in Mosi, batakari in the southern regions, dansika in Frafra, and Banaa in Kusaal both in the upper east region.[3] It is worn by Royals and civilians across Dagbon and other northern regions, but popular across Ghana. The smock originated in the northern region of Ghana, during the reign of Yaa Naa Zanjina, but widely used in West Africa and across the world. It is similar to the national attire of Burkina Faso known as faso dan fadi.

The smock and Kente cloth are the national dress of Ghana. Kente cloth originated in the southern region of Ghana.

How it is made

The smock is traditionally made from hand-loomed strips comprising a blend of dyed and undyed cotton yarns. It is intricately sewn together by hand, resulting in a distinctive plaid pattern that characterizes the smock.[4] Some variations showcase additional artistic elements, such as embroidery adorning the neckline.[5]

A significant accessory to the smock is the Zipligu, a hat worn in conjunction with this traditional attire.[6][7] An interesting aspect of the production process is the division of labour: women are traditionally responsible for making the strips, while men take on the task of making the smock itself.

Origin

The smock was introduced in the 1600s during the reign of Yaa Naa Zanjina.[2][8][9] It predates the modern suit.[10] Today, the smock has been adopted widely outside Dagbon.

The smock in the West

Historically, the smock was rarely seen in the West. As recently as the 1990s, immigrants from Ghana were the only individuals seen wearing the smock. All of that changed as the popularity of films produced in Ghana increased among Black Americans and Caribbeans. In recent years people of African descent have started wearing smocks to churches, mosques, African festivals, and Kwanzaa celebrations in major Western cities like New York and Kingston, Jamaica.

A man is seen wearing a smock in the opening scene of the Jackie Aygemang movie, I Knew Nothing Till You Taught Me.

See also






References

  1. ↑ "Northern Ghana Clothing".
  2. 1 2 "Dress aesthetics of smock in northern Ghana: Form, function, and context".
  3. ↑ "CULTURE AND CULTURAL PRACTICES AND THE MOTIVE BEHIND THEM B". Archived from the original on 2009-01-09.
  4. ↑ Folkwear. "Inspiration for the Ghanaian Smock". Folkwear. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
  5. ↑ "Smock Fashion Culture in Ghana's Dress Identity-Making".
  6. ↑ "Ghana Month: Styles and meanings portrayed by wearing of 'fugu' hat - MyJoyOnline". www.myjoyonline.com. 2021-03-11. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
  7. ↑ Quaye, Grace Tsotsoo (2023-03-07). "Ghana Month: Northern Styles Of Wearing A Hat And What They Mean". The Ghana Report. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
  8. ↑ "2–11: Naa Zanjina". www.adrummerstestament.com. Retrieved 2023-12-16.
  9. ↑ "Islam and the Dagbon Traditional Political System: Na Zangina's Reign".
  10. ↑ "Do You Know the History of the Suit?". www.montagio.com.au. Retrieved 2023-12-16.


Media related to Ghanaian smocks at Wikimedia Commons

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.