Concentrated aqueous solution of gold(III) chloride (auric chloride)
Concentrated aqueous solution of gold(III) chloride (auric chloride)

Gold halides are compounds of gold with the halogens.

Monohalides

AuCl, AuBr, and AuI are all crystalline solids with a structure containing alternating linear chains: ..-X-Au-X-Au-X-Au-X-... The X-Au-X angle is less than 180°.[1]

The monomeric AuF molecule has been detected in the gas phase.[2]

Trihalides

Gold triiodide does not exist or is unstable.[3]

Gold(III) fluoride, AuF3, has a unique polymeric helical structure, containing corner-sharing {AuF4} squares.

Pentahalides

Gold(V) fluoride, AuF5, is the only known example of gold in the +5 oxidation state. It most commonly occurs as the dimer Au2F10.

References

  1. ↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  2. ↑ D. Schröder; J. Hrušák; I. C. Tornieporth-Oetting; T. M. Klapötke; H. Schwarz (1994). "Neutral Gold(I) Fluoride Does Indeed Exist". Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 33 (2): 212–214. doi:10.1002/anie.199402121.
  3. ↑ Schulz, A.; Hargittai, M. (2001), "Structural variations and bonding in gold halides: A quantum chemical study of monomeric and dimeric gold monohalide and gold trihalide molecules, AuX, Au2X2, AuX3, and Au2X6 (X = F, Cl, Br, I)", Chemistry - A European Journal, 7 (17): 3657–3670, doi:10.1002/1521-3765(20010903)7:17<3657::aid-chem3657>3.0.co;2-q, PMID 11575767
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