Sport Trainer
Great Lakes 2T-1A-1
Role Trainer/Tourer
Manufacturer Great Lakes Aircraft Company,
WACO Classic Aircraft
First flight 1929
Produced 1929–1933, 1973–1982, 2011–

The Great Lakes Sport Trainer is an American biplane trainer and aerobatic aircraft. It was originally produced in large numbers before the company building it went bankrupt in the Great Depression in 1933. Owing to its continuing popularity, however, it was eventually placed back into production in the 1970s and again in 2011 by WACO Classic Aircraft.

Development and design

The Great Lakes Aircraft Corporation of Cleveland, Ohio produced a design for a small two-seat sports/trainer in early 1929, with the first prototype flying in March 1929.[1] The resulting aircraft, designated 2-T-1 was a single bay biplane of mixed, fabric-covered construction and with a tailskid undercarriage. Power was by a single 85 hp (63 kW) Cirrus III inline engine (as the Detroit Aircraft Corporation, the holding company for Great Lakes, also held the American rights to the Cirrus, so all Sports Trainers were originally sold with Cirrus engines).[2] Initial testing showed that the aircraft was tail heavy, so after the first four aircraft were built, the upper wing was swept back.

In January 2011, WACO Classic Aircraft announced that it will put the Great Lakes Model 2T-1A-1/2 model biplane back into production. The aircraft had not been available since 1980. The aircraft will incorporate several changes including metal wing spars. It will be offered in two models, a touring model, with a Lycoming IO-360-B1F6 engine and a higher-performance sport model, with a Lycoming AEIO-360-B1G6 engine. Work on the new production model was completed in June 2013 and the base price announced as US$245,000.[3][4]

Operational history

The aircraft proved very successful, with about 250 built before construction ended. It was highly maneuverable even on the relatively modest power of a Cirrus engine. A 1929 Great Lakes Model 2T1a held for many years the world record for consecutive outside loops, a total of 131, set by Jim Moss flying the Hunt Special which by the early 1930s had been highly modified and re-powered with a Warner Scarab 165 7 cylinder radial engine.[5]

The Great Lakes continued to be popular well after production ended, and many aircraft adopted more powerful engines, particularly the Jacobs radial engines.[5] Eventually, in the 1960s, the rights for the Sport Trainer were acquired by Harvey Swack, who offered plans of the aircraft for sale to homebuilders. In 1972, Swack sold the rights on to Doug Champlin, who set up a reconstituted Great Lakes Aircraft Company to produce a revised version meeting the current airworthiness requirements, powered by modern Lycoming engines and revised materials of construction (including the use of Douglas fir instead of spruce).[2] The first of the new production aircraft, the Model 2T-1A-1, powered by a 140 hp engine was certified in May 1973, with production starting in October that year. A more powerful version, the 2T-1A-2 followed in July 1974.[6] In 1978, production was divided between Wichita, Kansas, and Enid, Oklahoma, with the intent on relocation to Florida.[7]

Rights to the Sport Trainer continued to switch hands, resulting in production moving several times. By 1980, 137 Sport Trainers had been built.[8] Production finally finished in 1985.[9]

Variants

Great Lakes 2T-1A
Model 2T-1
Original production. 85 hp (63 kW) American Cirrus III engine. Small tail. Approximately 40 built.[1]
Model 2T-1A
Revised version with enlarged tail surfaces and 90 hp (67 kW) American Cirrus Ace engine. About 200 built.[1]
Model 2T-1A-1
New production (1973 on) version. Powered by 140 hp (104 kW) Lycoming O-320 engine.
Model 2T-1A-2
More powerful version - powered by 180 hp (134 kW) Lycoming IO-360 engine.
Model 2T-1A-E
Homebuilt Experimental Plans-built [10]
Model 2T-1E
95 hp (71 kW) American Cirrus Ensign engine. About twelve built.[1]
X
A 2T-1E used for aero-engine testing.
Model 2T-1MS
Menasco Pirate powered two-seat version, one example (registration of NC 304Y) airworthy at Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome is fitted with Goodyear "airwheel" low-pressure main gear tires, and was a favorite aircraft of Cole Palen, the museum's founder.[11]
Model 2T-1R
Homebuilt variant with a 200 hp (150 kW) Ranger 6-440-5.[12]
Model 2T-2 Speedster
Racing version of 2T-1-A. Powered by 95 hp (71 kW) Cirrus Hi-Drive and straight top wing. Later rebuilt as Model 2T-1E.[13]
2013 Great Lakes 2T-1A-2
WACO Classic 2T-1A-1/2
New production model starting in 2011. There will be two models, a touring model, with a Lycoming IO-360-B1G6 engine and a higher-performance sport model, with a Lycoming AEIO-360-B1G6 engine[4]

Specifications (Model 2T-1A-2)

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1976-77 [6]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2
  • Length: 20 ft 4 in (6.20 m)
  • Wingspan: 26 ft 8 in (8.13 m)
  • Height: 7 ft 4 in (2.24 m)
  • Wing area: 187.6 sq ft (17.43 m2)
  • Airfoil: M-12
  • Empty weight: 1,230 lb (558 kg)
  • Max takeoff weight: 1,800 lb (816 kg)
  • Fuel capacity: 26 US gal (22 imp gal; 98 L)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Lycoming IO-360-B1F6 4-cylinder horizontally opposed air-cooled piston engine, 180 hp (130 kW)
  • Propellers: 2-bladed Hartzell HC C2YK-4F/FC7666A constant speed propeller

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 115 kn (132 mph, 213 km/h) at sea level
  • Cruise speed: 102 kn (117 mph, 189 km/h) (max. cruise)
  • Stall speed: 50 kn (58 mph, 93 km/h)
  • Range: 260 nmi (300 mi, 480 km)
  • Service ceiling: 17,000 ft (5,200 m)
  • Rate of climb: 1,400 ft/min (7.1 m/s)
  • Take-off run to 50 ft (15 m): 1,100 ft (335 m)
  • Landing run from 50 ft (15 m): 1,200 ft (366 m)

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 Donald 1997, p.467.
  2. 1 2 History of the Great Lakes Sport Trainer Retrieved 2 April 2008.
  3. ↑ Grady, Mary (11 June 2013). "Waco Great Lakes Production Underway". AvWeb. Archived from the original on 18 June 2013. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
  4. 1 2 Grady, Mary (January 2011). "Waco Revives Great Lakes Biplane". AvWeb. Archived from the original on 23 January 2011. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
  5. 1 2 Davisson, Budd. "The Great, Great Lakes". Air Progress, July 1975
  6. 1 2 Taylor 1976, p.290
  7. ↑ Air Progress: 14. November 1978. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  8. ↑ Taylor, J.W.R. 1980, p.347-348
  9. ↑ The Second Generation Great Lakes 1973 - 1984. Retrieved 2 April 2008
  10. ↑ Air Trails. Winter 1971. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  11. ↑ Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome NC304Y Archived 2014-03-21 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ↑ Air Trails: 9. Winter 1971. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  13. ↑ Great Lakes. Aerofiles. Retrieved 29 March 2008

Bibliography

  • Donald, David (editor). The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Aerospace Publishing. 1997. ISBN 1-85605-375-X.
  • Taylor, J.W.R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1976-77. London: Jane's, 1976. ISBN 0-354-00538-3.
  • Taylor, J.W.R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1980-81. London: Jane's, 1980. ISBN 0-531-03953-6.
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