History
France
NameImpérieuse
Ordered27 November 1785
BuilderToulon
Laid downFebruary 1786
Launched11 July 1787
CommissionedMay 1788
Captured11 October 1793
Great Britain
NameHMS Imperieuse
Acquired11 October 1793
RenamedHMS Unite on 3 September 1803
ReclassifiedHarbour service from 1832
FateBroken up January 1858
General characteristics
Class and typeMinerve-class frigate
Tons burthen700 (bm)
Length46.1 m (151 ft 3 in)
Beam11.7 m (38 ft 5 in)
Draught5.5 m (18 ft 1 in)
Armament44 guns

The Impérieuse was a 40-gun Minerve-class frigate of the French Navy. The Royal Navy captured her in 1793 and she served first as HMS Imperieuse and then from 1803 as HMS Unite. She became a hospital hulk in 1836 and was broken up in 1858.

French service and capture

The original figurehead in Gosport[1]

In 1788, Impérieuse cruised in the Middle East, and the Aegean Sea the two following years. She performed another cruise off the Middle East before returning to Toulon. On 11 October 1793, Impérieuse was captured off La Spezia by HMS Captain and the Spanish ship of the line Bahama following the Raid on Genoa.

British service

The Royal Navy commissioned Imperieuse as the fifth-rate frigate HMS Imperieuse.

French Revolutionary Wars: HMS Imperieuse

Imperieuse entered service in 1795, and operated in the West Indies off Martinique and Surinam for most of the French Revolutionary Wars, under the command of Captain John Beresford. Imperieuse returned to Britain at the Peace of Amiens.

Napoleonic Wars: HMS Unite

When the Napoleonic Wars began Imperieuse was renamed Unite and returned to service in the Mediterranean. The frigate was under the command of Captain Chaloner Ogle as one of Nelson's scouts, but not present at Trafalgar; instead, she lay dismasted in Lisbon harbour.

Unité, Melpomene and Weazel shared in the capture of the Buona Esperanza on 19 July 1807 and the Bizzaro, on 21 August. The bankruptcy of the prize agents meant that some prize money was not distributed until 21 years later, in 1828.[2] The fourth and final payment for Bizzarro did not occur until July 1850.[Note 1]

Under Captain Patrick Campbell Unite was the first frigate to enter the Adriatic Sea and during the spring of 1808 captured a string of French and Italian gunboats and coastal merchant vessels, notably the 16-gun sister-brigs Ronco, Teulié and Nettuno, the first on 2 May 1808 off Cape Promontore, Istria, and then the second two on 1 June 1808 off Zara. Campbell reported no casualties in the capture of Ronco.[4] Teulié lost five men killed and 16 wounded before she struck; Nettuno lost seven killed, two drowned, and 13 wounded.[5] The Royal Navy took all three into service, Ronco under the name HMS Tuscan, Teulié under the name HMS Roman, and Nettuno under the name HMS Cretan.[6]

On 19 May 1810 Unite captured the French privateer Du Guay Trouin of 10 guns and 116 men.[7]

By 1811 Unite was still operating in the Mediterranean, under Captain Chamberlayne.

On 31 March 1811, Unite and Ajax encountered a French squadron comprising the frigates Adrienne and Amélie, and the armed transport French corvette Dromadaire. Ajax captured Dromadaire, while the frigates managed to escape to Portoferraio. Captain Otway of Ajax reported that Dromadaire was frigate-built and sailed remarkably well. Her cargo consisted of 15,000 shot and shells of various sizes and 90 tons of gunpowder.[8] Apparently Napoleon Bonaparte intended them as a present for Hammuda ibn Ali, the Bey of Tunis.[9] Admiral Sir Charles Cotton, commander in chief of the British Mediterranean Fleet, decided to buy her and her stores for the Royal Navy.[8]

HMS Unité (far right) at Sagone Bay, 1 May 1811

On 1 May, Unite participated in the destruction of the French vessels Giraffe, Nourrice, and an armed merchant man sheltering near the island at Sagone, with the help of HMS Pomone and HMS Scout.[10]

Through the summer Unite operated off the mouth of the Tiber and in the autumn she was once again sent to the Adriatic, participating in the action of 29 November 1811 at which she captured the armed storeship Persanne.

On 16 June 1812 boats from Unite, Orlando and Cerberus captured three vessels of from eighty to one hundred tons in the small port of Badisea, near Otranto.[11]

On 9 November 1812 Unite was in sight when Furieuse captured Nebrophonus.[12]

Post-war and fate

The Defence hulk and the Unite convict hospital ship, off Woolwich

By 1815, Unite was back in Britain in reserve at Deptford and she remained there until converted for harbour service in 1832. Between 1841 and 1858, she was used as a prison hulk. The ship was eventually broken up in January 1858 at Chatham Dockyard.

Notes

  1. ↑ A first-class share of the remaining prize money was worth £2 7s 6pence; a fifth-class share, that of a seaman, was worth 3d.[3]

Citations

  1. ↑ ewadmin (17 May 2014). "A Brief History of the H.M.S. Unite' figurehead". epoxyworks.com. Retrieved 8 November 2023. This figurehead is unique by virtue of its age, being in a small group of figureheads carved before 1800 and still surviving. Figureheads carved before 1800 were generally of lions, dragons or other animals, a fact which might make this figurehead of even greater significance in figurehead history.
  2. ↑ "No. 18500". The London Gazette. 29 August 1828. p. 1632.
  3. ↑ "No. 21105". The London Gazette. 18 June 1850. p. 1703.
  4. ↑ "No. 16163". The London Gazette. 16 July 1808. p. 995.
  5. ↑ "No. 16171". The London Gazette. 13 August 1808. p. 1108.
  6. ↑ Winfield (2008), pp. 319–20.
  7. ↑ "No. 16392". The London Gazette. 31 July 1810. p. 1138.
  8. 1 2 "No. 16484". The London Gazette. 11 May 1811. p. 872.
  9. ↑ Marshall (1823), Vol. 1, Part 2, p. 700.
  10. ↑ "No. 16502". The London Gazette. 6 July 1811. pp. 1248–1250.
  11. ↑ "No. 16654". The London Gazette. 3 October 1812. p. 2017.
  12. ↑ "No. 16701". The London Gazette. 4 March 1809. p. 277.

References

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