The Habt (Arabic: بلاد الهبط) is a historical and geographical region located in northwest Morocco.

Toponymy

The place name "Habt" means "descent" and probably dates back to Idrisids.[1]

Geography

The Habt is characterized by the presence of plains and mountains. It comprises the plains of Rharb and Khlot and part of the Rif, a mountainous region.[2]

Leo Africanus, a diplomat and explorer of North Africa in 15th and 16th centuries, wrote:[2]

Cette province prend son commencement au fleuve Guarga du côté du Midy et de celui de tramontane se termine à la mer océane; devers ponant confine avec les marets d'Azgar et de la partie du levant aux montagnes, qui sont sur le détroit des colonnes d'Hercule, ayant de longueur cent mille et octante en largeur.

History

Because of its proximity to the territory of al-Andalus, the Habt was one of the first Arabized areas in Morocco.[3]

According to Leo Africanus, the province of Habt (‘amalat al-Habt) was founded during the Wattassid dynasty.[1] Two centuries later, under the Alaouites, the region of the Jebala and Faḥṣ (nāḥiyat Jbāla wa al-Faḥṣ) has supplanted administratively.[1]

After the Battle of Sétif in 1153, the victorious Almohads forced some of the defeated Banu Hilal tribes to move to Morocco. During the 17th century, the sultan Ismail Ibn Sharif created a guich army made up of warriors from the Banu Hilal.

Ibn Khaldun, an historian of North Africa, wrote:[4]

Les tribus de Djochem et de Rîah s'étant alors empressées de faire leur soumission, il les déporta dans le Maghreb-el-Acsa où il établit la première dans la province de Temsna, et la seconde dans le canton d'El-Hebet et dans les régions maritimes d'Azghar, province située entre Tanger et Salé.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Vignet-Zunz, Jacques (1995). "Djebala". Encyclopédie berbère. Vol. 16. Aix-en-Provence: Édisud. Retrieved 4 October 2015., § 8
  2. 1 2 Michaux-Bellaire 1911, p. 1.
  3. ↑ Lévy, Simon (1998). "Problématique historique du processus d'arabisation au Maroc". In Aguadé, Jordi; Cressier, Patrice; Vicente, Ángeles (eds.). Peuplement et Arabisation au Maghreb occidental (in French). Madrid: Casa de Velázquez. pp. 11–26.
  4. ↑ Histoire des Berbères et des dynasties musulmanes de l'Afrique septentrionale, Ibn Khaldûn, p. 97

Sources

Further reading

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