59°34′N 10°11′E / 59.567°N 10.183°E / 59.567; 10.183

Hanekleiv Tunnel.

The Hanekleiv tunnel is a road tunnel in Vestfold og Telemark, Norway, one of seven along the European route E18 between Sande and Holmestrand. The tunnel became the centre of controversy on 25 December 2006 when part of the roof collapsed, and investigations revealed that several tunnels on the E18 through Vestfold were insufficiently secured. The tunnel was fully reopened on August 30, 2007.

Technical details

The tunnel is 1,765 metres long and has two tubes, one for each direction of travel and each accommodating two lanes of highway. The tunnels were opened for traffic on 30 October 2001.[1] The rock which the tunnel is built through is frequently unstable. To compensate for this, the tunnel roof and walls were reinforced at places with bolts and concrete injections, however the tunnel was not equipped with concrete walls throughout the length of the tunnel.

The E18 tunnels in Vestfold had about 17,000 vehicles pass through them each day.[2]

December 25, 2006 incident

Late on Christmas Day, about 200 cubic metres of rock fell from the ceiling of the southbound tunnel, onto the highway below. No cars were in the tunnel at the time, and there were no injuries. Debris continued to fall in the tunnel for up to three hours after the initial collapse. The debris covered a 25 meter long stretch of road, and at places the pile was almost as high as the tunnel.[1]

The police department of Southern Buskerud was tasked with investigating the avalanche. Neighbors close to the tunnel reported having noticed slight tremors and rumbles.[3] Worries about the tunnel's safety had surfaced already during construction in 1997, when construction on the tunnel was halted so that additional security measures could be implemented.[4]

May 28, 2007 incident

During repair work on 28 May 2007, two workers who were repairing and securing the tunnel sustained light injuries in a second incident. An unknown amount of concrete from the original securing of the tunnel fell over the workers. Statens Vegvesen rejects that this was a new collapse of the tunnel, declaring the episode to be a work accident.[5]

Fallout

The investigation uncovered serious shortcomings in the security of tunnels throughout Vestfold, not only the Hanekleiv Tunnel. Several other tunnels near the Hanekleiv tunnel were deemed to be safety risks, and had to be closed for further investigations and securing.[2] The Progress Party demanded that the director of the Norwegian Directorate of Public Roads, Olav Søfteland, resign as a result.[6]

The cost of adequate reinforcement of the Vestfold E18 tunnels was estimated to be 200 million Norwegian kroner, or some 33.2 million US dollars.[7]

The closure of the E18 highway for tunnel repairs during the summer of 2007 lead to major traffic jams.[8] Proposals to mitigate the road troubles included more trains and cutting the fares by 50% on the Vestfoldbanen railway.[9][10]

References

  1. 1 2 Tunnel Avalanche Aftermath Archived 2007-07-09 at the Wayback Machine Aftenposten, December 27, 2006, retrieved April 20, 2007
  2. 1 2 Focus on tunnels Archived 2007-07-09 at the Wayback Machine Aftenposten, April 11, 2007, retrieved April 20, 2007
  3. ↑ New Avelanche information Archived 2007-07-09 at the Wayback Machine Aftenposten, December 29, 2006, retrieved April 20, 2007
  4. ↑ Tunnel had danger warning Archived 2007-07-09 at the Wayback Machine Aftenposten, January 5, 2007, retrieved April 20, 2007
  5. ↑ Transport minister must answer for tunnel problems Archived 2007-11-10 at the Wayback Machine Aftenposten, May 29, 2007, retrieved May 29, 2007
  6. ↑ -Vegdirektøren må gå av (The road director must resign), Nettavisen, April 11, 2007, retrieved April 20, 2007. (in Norwegian)
  7. ↑ Tunnel repairs will cost billions Archived 2007-04-22 at the Wayback Machine Aftenposten, April 12, 2007, retrieved April 20, 2007
  8. ↑ Extensive repairs on road tunnels Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine Norway Post, April 12, 2007, retrieved April 20, 2007
  9. ↑ Krever flere tog (Demanding more trains) NRK, April 19, 2007, retrieved April 20, 2007 (in Norwegian)
  10. ↑ Vil ha halv pris på toget (Wants half price on the train) Drammens Tidende, April 13, 2007, retrieved April 20, 2007 (in Norwegian)
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