Haplogroup Q-M346
Possible time of origin24,100-27,900 BP
Possible place of originEurasia
AncestorQ-MEH2[1]
DescendantsQ-L54, Q-M323[1]
Defining mutationsL56, L57, M346 [1]

Haplogroup Q-M346 is a subclade of Y-DNA Haplogroup Q. Haplogroup Q-M346 is defined by the presence of the M346 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP).

Origin and distribution

Q-M346 was discovered in Central Asia and announced in Sengupta 2006.[2] A latter paper suggested that its ancestral state was isolated to India,[3] but this has since been refuted by its presence in West Asia,[4] Europe and the Americas.[5]

Asia

Q-M346 has a wide distribution across much of Asia.[6][7][8][9]

PopulationPaperNPercentageSNP Tested
Altaians (Russia - Siberia)Malyarchuk 2011 [6]23/89~25.8%M346
Khakassians (Russia - Siberia)Malyarchuk 2011 [6]4/64~6.3%M346
Todjins (Russia - Siberia)Malyarchuk 2011 [6]10/26~38.5%M346
Tuvinians (Russia - Siberia)Malyarchuk 2011 [6]41/108~38.0%M346
Soyot/Sojots (Russia - Siberia)Malyarchuk 2011 [6]2/28~7.1%M346
KalmyksMalyarchuk 2011 [6]1/60~1.7%M346
HalbaSengupta 2006 [2]1/21~4.76%M346
MakraniSengupta 2006 [2]1/20~5.00%M346
PathanSengupta 2006 [2]2/21~5.00%M346
Brahmin (Uttar Pradesh, India)Sengupta 2006 [2]1/14~7.14%M346
Vellalar (South India)Sengupta 2006 [2]1/31~3.23%M346
PakistanAbu-Amero 2009 [7]3/176~1.70%M346
Kazakhs (Southwest Altai)Dulik 2011 [8]1/30~3.33%M346
[[Chelkan] (Russia - Siberia)]Dulik 2012 [9]15/25~60.00%M346
[[Tubalar] Russia - Siberia]Dulik 2012 [9]10/27~37.00%M346

The Americas

In the Americas, the founding paternal lineages include those who are Q-M346 but do not belong to the Q-M3 lineage.[5][10]

PopulationPaperNPercentageSNP Tested
EnxetBailliet 2009 [5]7/24~29.20%M346
AyoreoBailliet 2009 [5]2/9~22.20%M346
WichiBailliet 2009 [5]1/120~0.80%M346
MocoviBailliet 2009 [5]2/40~5.00%M346
MapucheBailliet 2009 [5]1/26~3.80%M346
SaltaBailliet 2009 [5]3/72~4.80%M346
CordobaBailliet 2009 [5]1/156~0.60%M346
HuillicheBailliet 2009 [5]1/26~3.80%M346
La PazBailliet 2009 [5]1/29~3.40%M346
TarijaBailliet 2009 [5]4/72~5.50%M346

Associated SNPs

Q-M346 is marked by the presence of the M346 SNP. Since the discovery of M346 several additional SNPs have been found to also be associated with Q-M346. These SNP's include: L56 and L57. These SNPs appear to be "parallel" to M346.[1]

Subgroups

This is Thomas Krahn's—of the Genomic Research Center—draft tree, Proposed Tree, for haplogroup Q-M346. The first three levels of subclades are shown. Additional detail is provided on the linked branch article pages.[1]

  • Q-MEH2 MEH2, L472, L528
    • Q-M346 M346, L56, L57, L474, L892, L942
      • Q-M323 M323
      • Q-L717 L717, L718
      • Q-L940 L940
        • Q-L527 L527, L529, L639
        • Q-L933 L933, L938, L941
      • Q-L53 L53, L55, L213, L331, L475, L476

See also

Y-DNA Q-M242 subclades

Y-DNA backbone tree

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Krahn, Thomas. "FTDNA Draft Y-DNA Tree (AKA YTree)". ytree.ftdna.com. Family Tree DNA. Archived from the original on 2015-08-15.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sengupta, Sanghamitra; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; King, Roy; Mehdi, S.Q.; Edmonds, Christopher A.; Chow, Cheryl-Emiliane T.; Lin, Alice A.; Mitra, Mitashree; Sil, Samir K. (2006). "Polarity and Temporality of High-Resolution Y-Chromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 78 (2): 202–21. doi:10.1086/499411. PMC 1380230. PMID 16400607.
  3. ↑ Sharma, Swarkar; Rai, Ekta; Bhat, Audesh K; Bhanwer, Amarjit S; Bamezai, Rameshwar NK (2007). "A novel subgroup Q5 of human Y-chromosomal haplogroup Q in India". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 7 (1): 232. Bibcode:2007BMCEE...7..232S. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-232. PMC 2258157. PMID 18021436.
  4. ↑ Abu-Amero, Khaled K; Hellani, Ali; González, Ana M; Larruga, Jose M; Cabrera, Vicente M; Underhill, Peter A (2009). "Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions". BMC Genetics. 10: 59. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-10-59. PMC 2759955. PMID 19772609.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Bailliet, Graciela; Ramallo, Virginia; Muzzio, Marina; García, Angelina; Santos, María R.; Alfaro, Emma L.; Dipierri, José E.; Salceda, Susana; Carnese, Francisco R. (2009). "Brief communication: Restricted geographic distribution for Y-Q* paragroup in South America". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 140 (3): 578–82. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21133. PMID 19591214.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Malyarchuk, Boris; Derenko, Miroslava; Denisova, Galina; Maksimov, Arkady; Wozniak, Marcin; Grzybowski, Tomasz; Dambueva, Irina; Zakharov, Ilya (2011). "Ancient links between Siberians and Native Americans revealed by subtyping the Y chromosome haplogroup Q1a". Journal of Human Genetics. 56 (8): 583–8. doi:10.1038/jhg.2011.64. PMID 21677663.
  7. 1 2 K. Abu-Amero, Khaled; et al. (2009). "Saudi Arabian Y-Chromosome diversity and its relationship with nearby regions". BMC Genetics. 10: 59. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-10-59. PMC 2759955. PMID 19772609.
  8. 1 2 Dulik, Matthew C.; Osipova, Ludmila P.; Schurr, Theodore G. (2011). Kayser, Manfred (ed.). "Y-Chromosome Variation in Altaian Kazakhs Reveals a Common Paternal Gene Pool for Kazakhs and the Influence of Mongolian Expansions". PLOS ONE. 6 (3): e17548. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...617548D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017548. PMC 3055870. PMID 21412412.
  9. 1 2 3 Dulik, Matthew C.; Zhadanov, Sergey I.; Osipova, Ludmila P.; Askapuli, Ayken; Gau, Lydia; Gokcumen, Omer; Rubinstein, Samara; Schurr, Theodore G. (2012). "Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosome Variation Provides Evidence for a Recent Common Ancestry between Native Americans and Indigenous Altaians". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 90 (2): 229–46. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.014. PMC 3276666. PMID 22281367.
  10. ↑ Bisso-Machado, Rafael; Jota, Marilza S.; Ramallo, Virginia; Paixão-Côrtes, Vanessa R.; Lacerda, Daniela R.; Salzano, Francisco M.; Bonatto, Sandro L.; Santos, Fabrício R.; Bortolini, Maria Cátira (2011). "Distribution of Y-chromosome q lineages in native americans". American Journal of Human Biology. 23 (4): 563–6. doi:10.1002/ajhb.21173. PMID 21544893. S2CID 8730722.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.