Hebburn
Aerial view of the centre
Hebburn is located in Tyne and Wear
Hebburn
Hebburn
Location within Tyne and Wear
Population16,492 [1]
OS grid referenceNZ318645
Metropolitan borough
Metropolitan county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townHEBBURN
Postcode districtNE31
Dialling code0191
PoliceNorthumbria
FireTyne and Wear
AmbulanceNorth East
UK Parliament

Hebburn is a town in the South Tyneside borough of Tyne and Wear, England. It was formerly in County Durham until 1974 with its own urban district from 1894 until 1974.[2] It is on the south bank of the River Tyne between Gateshead and Jarrow and opposite Wallsend and Walker.

The population of Hebburn was 18,808 in 2001,[3][4]

History

Hebburn in 2011, with Westmorland Court and Durham Court flats visible on the skyline.

In Saxon times Hebburn was a small fishing hamlet upon the river Tyne.[4] It is thought that the name Hebburn may be derived from the Old English terms, heah meaning "high", and byrgen meaning a "burial mound", though it could also mean the high place beside the water. The first record of Hebburn mentions a settlement of fishermen's huts in the 8th century, which were burned by the Vikings.

In the 14th century the landscape was dominated by a peel tower. A 4-foot-6-inch-tall (137-centimetre) wall, a portion of which still remains at St. John's Church, could also be seen.[5] The Lordship of the Manor of Hebburn passed through the hands of a number of families during the Middle Ages, including the Hodgsons of Hebburn (James 1974, Hodgson).

In the early 1600s, the wealthy Newcastle family, the Ellisons, acquired the land of Hebburn.[4] Coal was mined at Hebburn as early as the 17th century. In 1792 the Ellisons received royalties from coal mining expansion[4] when Hebburn Colliery opened. The colliery eventually operated three pits. In 1786 the Ellisons’ Hebburn estate also made income from dumping ships ballast at Hebburn Quay.[4] By the 1800s the Ellison family had expanded Hebburn Manor into their Hebburn Hall estate.[4] Hebburn Colliery played an important role in the investigations into the development of mine safety, following the mining disaster at Felling Colliery in 1812.

Humphry Davy stayed with Cuthbert Ellison at Hebburn Hall in 1815 and took samples of the explosive methane 'fire damp' gas from the Hebburn mine which were taken to London in wine bottles for experiments into the development of a miners' safety lamp. Davy's lamps were tested in the Hebburn mine and remarkably the gauze that protected the naked flames could actually absorb the fire damp so that the lamps could shine more effectively.[6]

In 1853, Andrew Leslie arrived from Aberdeen, Scotland. He expanded the Ellison estate, further, with shipbuilding,[4] and in 200 years of industrialisation, Hebburn grew into a modern town of 20,000 inhabitants.[4] When the railways arrived in Hebburn in 1872, further growth took off in the Ellison estate, with the growth of the brick, metal and chemical industries.[4]

Andrew Leslie's shipyard launched two hundred and fifty-five ships before 1885.[7] In 1885 the shipyard merged with local locomotive builder W Hawthorne, and then changed its name to Hawthorn Leslie and Company, and grew even more.[7]

Hebburn also hosted its own Highland Games, with the first one being held in 1883, which were usually held annually in July or August, spanning over three decades and with professional sportsmen coming from Scotland and as far as Oban to compete.

In 1894 Hebburn was recognised as its own independent Urban District;[4] it was no longer the private land of the Ellison family; and it also adopted the Ellison family crest as its coat of arms.[2]

In 1901 Alphonse Reyrolle's, Reyrolle Electrical Switchgear Company opened.[4][7] In 1932 Hebburn colliery closed. 200 miners were killed during the life of the colliery.[8] The youngest were 10 years old. In 1936 Monkton Coke Works was built by the Government, in response to the Jarrow Hunger March in 1932.[9]

In the Second World War, the Battle of Britain occurred in 1940 and Hitler had planned an amphibious attack that was predicated on defeating the RAF in the battle. Hitler's planned first wave of attack, in his Operation Sea Lion plan, was to try and capture Aberdeen and Newcastle. Hitler's Operation Sea Lion documents had detailed plans to capture the Reyrolle Electrical Switchgear Company.[10]

Hawthorn Leslie built everything from liners to tankers.[6] Many Royal Navy battleships were built at Hawthorn Leslie shipyard. In WWII the yard built 41 naval vessels and repaired another 120.[6] 1n 1944, the yard also built D-day landing craft, including the Landing Craft Tank (LCT) 7074.[11] In April 2020, the craft was housed in the D-Day Story museum.[11] In 2020, the boat was only one of ten craft of its kind to survive postwar.[11]

One ship built at the shipyard was HMS Kelly,[12] launched in 1938 and commanded by Lord Louis Mountbatten.[13] The ship, a K-Class destroyer, was commissioned just eleven days before WWII.[13] The ship was hit three times. In December 1939, she was damaged by a German mine not far from the river Tyne.[13] On 9 May 1940, she was torpedoed off Norway with the loss of 27 lives.[13] Badly damaged, she crawled back to Hawthorn Leslie on a 92-hour journey to be repaired.[6] In 1941, HMS Kelly was sunk off Crete.[6] One hundred and thirty men were killed in the disaster and they are remembered in memorials at Hebburn Cemetery,[13] which were erected by surviving members of the crew and workers from Hawthorn Leslie.[13] The ship's story forms the basis of the 1942 film In Which We Serve.[6] The shipyard is now owned by A&P Group but lies vacant.

The Monkton Coke Works plant closed in 1990, and was demolished in 1992.[9] The former British Short-Circuit Testing Station in Victoria Road West within the town, owned by A. Reyrolle & Company provided the backdrop for the Gary Numan video "Metal". The facility was demolished in 2011.[14]

In 2012, the BBC commissioned a television series Hebburn to be set in the town. It was created and co-written by Jason Cook, who was raised in Hebburn.[15] The first episode was broadcast on 18 October 2012.[16][17]

4th Battalion the Parachute Regiment and 23 SAS Reserves have bases in Hebburn.[18] The Air Cadets have a unit located at Hebburn TA Centre.[19]

Hebburn has an ecology centre powered by wind turbines. It is the location of a shipyard, operated by A&P Group.[20]

Education

Hebburn has two secondary schools: St Joseph's Catholic Academy (formerly St Joseph's Comprehensive School) and Hebburn Comprehensive School.[21]

Sport

Hebburn Town F.C., formed in 1912,[22] and Hebburn Reyrolle F.C. are the town's local non-league football teams. Hebburn Argyle, which existed in the early 1900s, reformed several years ago as a youth club.

Athletics is also catered for at Monkton Stadium, home of Jarrow and Hebburn Athletic Club,[23] where Brendan Foster, Steve Cram and David Sharpe are notable past runners.

A short lived greyhound racing track was opened in 1945. The plans to build the track were passed in September 1944 and it cost £30,000 to construct a venue that could accommodate 6,000 people. The racing was independent (not affiliated to the sports governing body the National Greyhound Racing Club) and was known as a flapping track, which was the nickname given to independent tracks.[24] The track was trading in 1947 but it is not known when it closed.[25]

Transport

Hebburn metro station

Hebburn Metro station is a stop on the Tyne and Wear Metro. The Yellow line serves stations between South Shields, Newcastle Central, Whitley Bay and St James.[26]

The nearest National Rail station is at Heworth, which is a stop on the Durham Coast Line between Newcastle, Sunderland, Hartlepool and Middlesbrough; services are operated by Northern Trains.[27]

Bus services are provided predominantly by Stagecoach North East and Go North East; routes link the town to South Shields, Jarrow, Gateshead and Newcastle.[28]

A mid-Tyne ferry service, which was owned by several shipyards, once operated between Hebburn, Walker and Wallsend; it last ran in 1986.[29] One of the fleet, run by the Mid Tyne Ferry Co, was called the Tyne Queen; in 2020, she was named the Jacobite Queen and was still working on Loch Ness, Inverness, Scotland.[30]

Notable people

Academia

Engineering

Entertainment

Politics

Sport


References

  1. ↑ UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Hebburn Built-up area sub division (E35000582)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
  2. 1 2 The Jarrow & Hebburn Local History Society. "About Hebburn". jarrowandhebburnhistory.uk. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  3. ↑ Office for National Statistics : Census 2001 : Urban Areas : Table KS01 : Usual Resident Population DMM - Hebburn Colliery
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 The Jarrow & Hebburn Local History Society. "Hebburn". jarrowandhebburnhistory.uk. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  5. ↑ Staff (1 January 2012). "Eight interesting facts about Hebburn". Evening Chronicle. Newcastle: chroniclelive.co.uk. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Henderson, Tony (24 June 2016). "From The Cokeys to Spuggies' Bridge: 17 things you'll know if you're from Hebburn". Chronicle. Newcastle: chroniclelive.co.uk. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  7. 1 2 3 "Take a tour of the old streets of Hebburn with its people and places". Chronicle. Newcastle: chroniclelive.co.uk. 3 October 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  8. ↑ "Hebburn Colliery". dmm.org.uk. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  9. 1 2 "Demolition of Monkton Cokeworks". southtynesidehistory.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
  10. ↑ Henderson, Tony (10 June 2018). "The secret Nazi dossier of Adolf Hitler's North East targets revealed". Evening Chronicle. Newcastle: chroniclelive.co.uk. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  11. 1 2 3 Woodward, Geoff (7 April 2020). "LCT 7074 – Hebburn's Remarkable D-Day Survivor". twmuseums.org.uk. Discovery Museum, Newcastle. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  12. ↑ "Hebburn, Hawthorn Leslie Shipyard - sitelines.newcastle.gov.uk". twsitelines.info. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Morton, David (26 August 2017). "The tragic World War II ship which is forever linked to a Tyneside town". Chronicle. Newcastle: chroniclelive.co.uk. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
  14. ↑ "Former Reyrolle site set to disappear". shieldsgazette.com. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
  15. ↑ Dipper, Andrew (2 September 2012). "Interview: Hebburn creator Jason Cook". Giggle Beats. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
  16. ↑ Lawson, Ruth (March 2012). "Jason Cook's pilot show 'Hebburn' commissioned". The Chronicle.
  17. ↑ "Hebburn". BBC.
  18. ↑ "British Army - 23 SAS (Newcastle)". Archived from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
  19. ↑ "1027 (Jarrow) Squadron". 1027sqn.org. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
  20. ↑ Gibson, Robert (6 May 2016). "20,000 tonne wind turbine installation vessel docks at A&P Group's Tyne yard". Chronicle. Newcastle: chroniclelive.co.uk. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
  21. ↑ "Hebburn Comprehensive School, South Tyneside". hebburn.net. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
  22. ↑ "History". hebburntownfc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 1 July 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
  23. ↑ Jarrow and Hebburn AC
  24. ↑ Barnes, Julia (1988). Daily Mirror Greyhound Fact File, page 417. Ringpress Books. ISBN 0-948955-15-5.
  25. ↑ "Bickington". Greyhound Racing Times.
  26. ↑ "Timetables and stations". Nexus. 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  27. ↑ "Timetables and engineering information for travel with Northern". Northern Railway. May 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  28. ↑ "Hebburn Bus Services". Bus Times. 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  29. ↑ Morton, David (3 September 2015). "The Tyne ferries that have carried thousands of passengers for generations". Chronicle. Newcastle: chroniclelive.co.uk. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  30. ↑ "Jacobite Queen". nationalhistoricships.org.uk. National Historic Ships UK. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
  31. ↑ Hunt, Philip A. (1988). Biographical Register 1880-1974 Corpus Christi College (University of Oxford). Oxford, England: The College. ISBN 9780951284407.
  32. ↑ Henderson, Tony (24 April 2018). "Internationally-renowned Newcastle University scientist Paul Younger has died". Evening Chronicle. Newcastle: chroniclelive.co.uk. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
  33. ↑ Hall, David (2012). Working Lives. ISBN 9780593065327. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
  34. ↑ Glanville, Brian (2 November 2000). "George Armstrong - Professional footballer who played with courage and generosity". The Guardian. London: theguardian.com. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
  35. ↑ "Football mourns death of Geordie", The South Shields Gazette, South Shields, 2 November 2000, retrieved 24 June 2010

Bibliography

James, Mervyn (1974) Family, Lineage, and Civil Society: A Study of Society, Politics, and Mentality in the Durham Region, 1500-1640 (Oxford: Oxford University Press).

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