Hierodoris iophanes
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Oecophoridae
Genus: Hierodoris
Species:
H. iophanes
Binomial name
Hierodoris iophanes

Hierodoris iophanes is a moth of the family Oecophoridae.[1] It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1912. This species can be distinguished from others in its genus by the purple metallic colouration as well as the blue-white mark on its forewings. It is endemic to New Zealand, where it has been recorded from Auckland to Southland. This species inhabits native forest or scrub, with the adults preferring open glades. They are known to be on the wing from November until February and fly during daylight hours, being active on hot sunny days. Larvae feed on the interior of twigs of Prumnopitys ferruginea. The twigs had evidence of oviposition scars of cicadas and the larvae were collected in October after reddish-brown frass indicated their location within the twigs.

Taxonomy

This species was first described by Edward Meyrick in 1912 using a specimen collected in Wellington by George Hudson.[2] It is the type species of the genus Hierodoris.[3] Hudson discussed and illustrated this species in his 1928 book The butterflies and moths of New Zealand.[4] The male holotype specimen is held at the Natural History Museum, London.[3]

Description

H. iophanes illustrated by George Hudson.

Meyrick described the species as follows:

♂. 13 mm. Head deep bluish-bronze. Palpi bronzy-fiscous. Thorax deep bronze suffused with purple. Antennae and abdomen dark fuscous. Forewings elongate, posteriorly slightly dilated, costa slightly arched, faintly sinuate in middle, apex obtuse, termen rounded, somewhat oblique ; dark bronzy-fuscous ; a shining purple fascia from base of costa almost to dorsum at 1⁄4, followed by a spot of blackish suffusion beneath costa, beyond which is a short metallic-blue oblique strigula; a narrow shining purple fascia from a silvery-whitish dot beneath costa before middle to a pale ochreous spot on middle of dorsum ; a pale blue-metallic linear mark on end of cell ; triangular shining purple spots above and below middle beyond this, their anterior angles tending to meet in disc; an undefined shining purple spot before middle of termen : cilia deep purplish-bronze. Hindwings blackish ; cilia fuscous, with blackish basal shade.[2]

The wingspan is 11.5–14 mm for males and 12 mm for females.[1] The forewings are blackish bronze, with a dark metallic purple basal blotch and transverse fasciae.[1] The termen is reflecting purple with a line of bluish white scales from the costa to below the fold.[1] There is a white dot in the disc and the hindwings are blackish brown.[1] This species can be distinguished from others in its genus by the purple metallic colouration as well as the blue-white mark on its forewings.[1]

Distribution

This species is endemic to New Zealand and is known from Auckland down to Southland.[5][1]

Behaviour

Adults of this species are on the wing from November until February.[4]

Habitat and hosts

Native bush in Zealandia in Wellington.

This species inhabits native forest or scrub, with the adults preferring open glades.[4] They are known to be on the wing during the daylight hours.[4] They are active on hot sunny days.[4] Larvae have been shown to feed on the interior of twigs of Prumnopitys ferruginea after having been reared from specimens collected in Auckland.[6] The twigs had evidence of oviposition scars of cicadas and the larvae were collected in October.[6] The larvae were discovered by the collector as a reddish-brown frass indicated their location within the twigs.[6]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hierodoris iophanes.
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Robert J. B. Hoare (24 December 2005). "Hierodoris (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Oecophoridae), and overview of Oecophoridae" (PDF). Fauna of New Zealand. Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research. 54: 39–40. doi:10.7931/J2/FNZ.54. ISSN 0111-5383. OCLC 946510444. Wikidata Q44994400. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 February 2021.
  2. 1 2 Edward Meyrick (1912). "Glyphipterygidae". Exotic Microlepidoptera. 1 (2): 42. Wikidata Q109544348.
  3. 1 2 John Stewart Dugdale (23 September 1988). "Lepidoptera - annotated catalogue, and keys to family-group taxa". Fauna of New Zealand. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. 14: 89. doi:10.7931/J2/FNZ.14. ISSN 0111-5383. Wikidata Q45083134.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 George Vernon Hudson (1928), The butterflies and moths of New Zealand, Illustrator: George Hudson, Wellington: Ferguson and Osborn Limited, p. 307, LCCN 88133764, OCLC 25449322, Wikidata Q58593286
  5. ↑ "Hierodoris iophanes Meyrick, 1912". www.nzor.org.nz. 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-14.
  6. 1 2 3 R. J. B. Hoare (March 2012). "A new species of Hierodoris Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) with a telescopic ovipositor, from granite sand plains in Fiordland". New Zealand Entomologist. 35 (1): 51–57. doi:10.1080/00779962.2012.651776. ISSN 0077-9962. Wikidata Q54578048.
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