Hikayat Iskandar Zulkarnain (Arabic: حكاية إسكندر ذو القرنين, lit. 'The Story/Exploits of Alexander') is a Malay epic describing fictional exploits of Alexander the Great (Iskandar), identified with Dhu al-Qarnayn (Zulkarnain), a king briefly mentioned in the Quran. The oldest existing manuscript is dated 1713, but is in a poor state. Another manuscript was copied by Muhammad Cing Sa'idullah about 1830.[1]

Iskandar Zulkarnain is claimed to be a direct antecedent of the Minangkabau kingdoms of Sumatra by their rulers. The best known Minangkabau ruler, Adityavarman, who ruled over Sumatra between 1347 and 1374 AD claimed for himself the name Maharajadiraja, 'a great lord of kings.' It was William Marsten who first publicized this link at the end of the 18th century.[2] The descent from Iskandar Zulkarnain,[3] is claimed via Raja Rajendra Chola (Raja Chulan, Raja Cholan) in the Malay Annals.[4][5][6][7][8][9]

There is a "Sumatran version".[10]

The most likely source of the Hikayat is the Arabic Sīrat al-Iskandar.[11]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ malay concordance project Hikayat Iskandar Zulkarnain
  2. ↑ Early Modern History ISBN 981-3018-28-3 page 60
  3. ↑ Balai Seni Lukis Negara (Malaysia) (1999). Seni dan nasionalisme: dulu & kini. Balai Seni Lukis Negara. ISBN 9789839572278.
  4. ↑ S. Amran Tasai; Djamari; Budiono Isas (2005). Sejarah Melayu: sebagai karya sastra dan karya sejarah : sebuah antologi. Pusat Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. p. 67. ISBN 978-979-685-524-7.
  5. ↑ Radzi Sapiee (2007). Berpetualang Ke Aceh: Membela Syiar Asal. Wasilah Merah Silu Enterprise. p. 69. ISBN 978-983-42031-1-5.
  6. ↑ Dewan bahasa. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. 1980. pp. 333, 486.
  7. ↑ John N. Miksic (30 September 2013). Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300_1800. NUS Press. pp. 147–. ISBN 978-9971-69-574-3.
  8. ↑ Marie-Sybille de Vienne (9 March 2015). Brunei: From the Age of Commerce to the 21st Century. NUS Press. pp. 47–. ISBN 978-9971-69-818-8.
  9. ↑ Yusoff Iskandar (1992). Pensejarahan Melayu: kajian tentang tradisi sejarah Melayu Nusantara. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kementerian Pendidikan, Malaysia. p. 147. ISBN 978-983-62-3012-6.
  10. ↑ MCP . Hikayat Iskandar Zulkarnain . bibliography * * * *
  11. ↑ Zuwiyya, Z. David (2011). "The Alexander Romance in the Arabic Tradition". In Z. David Zuwiyya (ed.). A Companion to Alexander Literature in the Middle Ages. Brill. pp. 73–112.
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