Danielle "Hopi" Elizabeth Hoekstra (born 1972) is an evolutionary biologist working at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts and serving as the Dean of its Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Her lab uses natural populations of rodents to study the genetic basis of adaptation.^[1][2][3][4] She is the Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology in the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology at Harvard University.^[5] She is also the Curator of Mammals at the Museum of Comparative Zoology and a Harvard College Professor. In 2014, Hoekstra became a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator.^[1] In 2016, she was elected to the National Academy of Sciences,^[6] and in 2017, she was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.^[7] Hoekstra assumed the deanship of Harvard's Faculty of Arts and Sciences in August 2023.^[8]

Early life

Hoekstra was born to a family of Dutch ancestry. Hoekstra's first name "Hopi" is derived from a Dutch term of endearment.^[2][9] Hoekstra attended a high school near Palo Alto, California.^[2] She chose to attend college at the University of California, Berkeley, where she initially intended to study political science. She chose the university because she wanted to play volleyball, which she did for two years.^[2] She has stated that at one point she wanted to become the U.S. ambassador to the Netherlands, but she was drawn into biology by a class on biomechanics taught by Robert J. Full. She went on to work in Full's lab, studying cockroach locomotion.^[2][9]

Career

Hoekstra received her B.A. in Integrative Biology from the University of California, Berkeley. Before her graduate studies, she researched grizzly bears for a year in Yellowstone National Park. She obtained her Ph.D. in Zoology as a Howard Hughes Predoctoral Fellow at the University of Washington.^[1] For her postdoctoral work, she studied the genetic basis of adaptive melanism in pocket mice at the University of Arizona. In 2003, she became an assistant professor at the University of California, San Diego. In 2007, she moved to Harvard University, where she received tenure in 2010.^[1][2] She is a member of the advisory board for Current Biology.^[10] In June 2023, she was named as the Dean of Harvard's Faculty of Arts and Sciences, succeeding Claudine Gay, who had assumed the University's presidency a month prior.^[11] Hoekstra assumed office on August 1, 2023.

Research

Hoekstra is best known for studying the genetic mechanisms that influence the evolution of highly complex natural behaviors.^[12] In 2013, Hoekstra published an article in the journal Nature on the genetics of burrowing behavior in two sister species of Peromyscus mice; the oldfield mouse (P. polionotus), which builds elaborate burrows complete with an escape tunnel, and the deer mouse (P. maniculatis), which builds a simple and shallow nest.^[12][2] Using a combination of behavioral assays and classical genetic strategies, Hoekstra and her students identified four regions of DNA which control the length of the tunnels dug by the mice.^[12] Students in her lab have also studied the connections between digging behavior and the neurobiology of reward.^[12]

She has also studied the evolution of the color of mice coats and its significance for adaptation.^[2] In 2013, her team published an article in the journal Science, describing how coat color in mice was controlled by nine separate mutations within a single gene, named "agouti."^[3] Speaking about this discovery, Hoekstra said, "The question has always been whether evolution is dominated by these big leaps or smaller steps. When we first implicated the agouti gene, we could have stopped there and concluded that evolution takes these big steps as only one major gene was involved, but that would have been wrong. When we looked more closely, within this gene, we found that even within this single locus, there are, in fact, many small steps."^[3] Her work supports the hypothesis that evolution can occur through incremental changes.^[4] Recently, Hoekstra has found evidence linking the mutation the Agouti gene to survival in mice. The study showed how a sequence variant in the Agouti gene changes the phenotype and then linked those changes to changes in population allele frequency, demonstrating evolution of trait by natural selection.^[13]

Honors and awards

• 2022 Awarded the Lowell Thomas Award^[14]
• 2019 Awarded the Hart Merriam Award^[15]
• 2018 Elected to the American Philosophical Society^[16]
• 2017 Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences^[17]
• 2016 Elected to the National Academy of Sciences^[18]
• 2015 Richard Lounsbery Award, National Academy of Sciences^[4][19]
• 2006 Beckman Young Investigator Award, Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation^[20]
• 2003 Jasper J. Loftus-Hills Young Investigator Prize, American Society of Naturalists^[21]
• 1998 Ernst Mayr Award, Society of Systematic Biologists^[22]

Family

Hoekstra lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts, with her son and her husband, James Mallet. Mallet is also an evolutionary biologist at Harvard.^[2]

Selected publications

• Linnen, C.R.; Poh, Y.-P.; Peterson, B.K.; Barrett, R.D.H.; Larson, J.G; Jensen, J.; Hoekstra, H.E. (2013). "Adaptive evolution of multiple traits through multiple mutations at a single gene". Science. 339 (6125): 1312–1316. Bibcode:2013Sci...339.1312L. doi:10.1126/science.1233213. PMC 3836219. PMID 23493712.
• Weber, J.N.; Peterson, B.K.; Hoekstra, H.E. (2013). "Discrete genetic modules are responsible for the evolution of complex burrowing behaviour in deer mice". Nature. 493 (7432): 4202–405. doi:10.1038/nature11816. PMID 23325221. S2CID 4361153.
• Fisher, H.S.; Hoekstra, H.E. (2010). "Competition drives cooperation among closely-related sperm of deer mice". Nature. 463 (7282): 801–803. Bibcode:2010Natur.463..801F. doi:10.1038/nature08736. PMC 2824558. PMID 20090679.
• Hoekstra, Hopi E.; Hirschmann, Rachel J.; Bundey, Richard A.; Insel, Paul A.; Crossland, Janet P. (2006). "A single amino acid mutation contributes to adaptive beach mouse color pattern". Science. 313 (5783): 101–104. Bibcode:2006Sci...313..101H. doi:10.1126/science.1126121. PMID 16825572. S2CID 33376626.
• Nachman, M.W.; Hoekstra, H.E.; D'Agostino, S. L. (2003). "The genetic basis of adaptive melanism in pocket mice" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (9): 5268–5273. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.5268N. doi:10.1073/pnas.0431157100. PMC 154334. PMID 12704245.

References