Horace Trumbauer
Trumbauer, c. 1901
Born(1868-12-28)December 28, 1868
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
DiedSeptember 18, 1938(1938-09-18) (aged 69)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
OccupationArchitect

Horace Trumbauer (December 28, 1868 – September 18, 1938) was a prominent American architect of the Gilded Age, known for designing residential manors for the wealthy. Later in his career he also designed hotels, office buildings, and much of the campus of Duke University.

Trumbauer's massive palaces flattered the egos of his robber baron clients, but were dismissed by his professional peers. His work made him a wealthy man, but his buildings rarely received positive critical recognition. Today, however, he is hailed as one of America's premier architects, with his buildings drawing critical acclaim even to this day.

Early life and education

Philadelphia Museum of Art (1916–28), a collaboration between Trumbauer's firm and Zantzinger, Borie and Medary
Grey Towers Castle in Glenside, Pennsylvania (1893) is present-day Arcadia University.

Trumbauer was born in Philadelphia, the son of Josiah Blyler Trumbauer, a salesman, and Mary Malvina (Fable) Trumbauer.[1] He completed a six-year apprenticeship with G. W. and W. D. Hewitt, and opened his own architectural office at age 21. He did some work for developers Wendell and Smith, designing homes for middle-class planned communities, including the Overbrook Farms and Wayne Estate developments.

Career

Trumbauer's first major commission was Grey Towers Castle, constructed in 1893, and designed for sugar magnate William Welsh Harrison; its exterior was based on Alnwick Castle in Northumberland, England, but its interiors were French, ranging in style from the Renaissance to Louis XV eras. Harrison introduced him to the streetcar tycoon and real-estate developer Peter A. B. Widener, whose 110-room Georgian-revival palace, Lynnewood Hall (1897–1900), launched Trumbauer's successful career.[1]

For the Wideners, the Elkins, and their circle he designed mansions in Philadelphia, New York City, and Newport, Rhode Island. Through these connections, and others, he designed office buildings, hospitals, and institutional buildings. Known for his academic facility designs, some of his most notable works include commissions for the University of Pennsylvania, Harvard University, Duke University, and others. Harvard University's principal library, the Harry Elkins Widener Memorial Library, was built with a gift from Eleanor Elkins Widener as a memorial to her son, Harry, Class of 1907, an enthusiastic young bibliophile who died in the sinking of the Titanic.

On April 25, 1903, Trumbauer married Sara Thomson Williams and became stepfather to her daughter, Agnes Helena Smith, from her previous marriage to iron dealer C. Comly Smith. Architectural Record published a survey of his work in 1904, less than a decade after his first major commission.

In 1906, Trumbauer hired Julian Abele, the first African-American graduate of the University of Pennsylvania Architecture Department, promoting him to chief designer in 1909. Many of Trumbauer's later buildings are largely attributed to Abele. He contributed to the design of more than 400 buildings, including the Widener Memorial Library at Harvard University (1912–15), Philadelphia's Central Library (1917–27), and the Philadelphia Museum of Art (1914–28). He was also the primary designer of the west campus of Duke University (1924–54). With the exception of the chapel at Duke University (1934), Abele never claimed credit for any of the firm's buildings designed during Trumbauer's lifetime.

The commission for the Philadelphia Museum of Art (1916–28) was shared between Trumbauer's firm and Zantzinger, Borie and Medary. Trumbauer's architect Howell Lewis Shay is credited with the building's plan and massing, although the perspective drawings appear to be in Abele's hand.[2] When it opened in 1928, the building was criticized as being vastly overscaled and nicknamed "the great Greek garage". But, perched on Fairmount Hill and terminating the axis of the Benjamin Franklin Parkway, it is now considered to be the most magnificently situated museum in the United States.

In 1923, Trumbauer was hired by the Reading Company to design the Jenkintown Train Station. A fine example of Queen Anne revival architecture, it still stands today as the Jenkintown-Wyncote station and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2014. His work was also part of the architecture event in the art competition at the 1928 Summer Olympics.[3]

In 1933, Trumbauer was commissioned to build an ornate Ancien-Regime French style mansion for Herbert Nathan Straus, the youngest son of Macy's founder Isidor Straus. Built in limestone with intricate carvings on the façade, the Herbert N. Straus House is now the largest private residence in Manhattan. The mansion exemplifies the classic but opulent style requested of industry barons of that time.

Death

Trumbauer's grave in West Laurel Hill Cemetery in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania

Despite tremendous success and his apparent ability to impress wealthy clients, Trumbauer suffered from overwhelming shyness and a sense of inferiority about his lack of formal education. He had a number of commissions until the Great Depression, but began to drink heavily, and died of cirrhosis of the liver in 1938.[1] He is buried in West Laurel Hill Cemetery in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania.

Selected buildings

Philadelphia and its suburbs

Residences

John H. Watt house in Wayne, Pennsylvania (1893)
Lynnewood Hall, also known as the Peter A. B. Widener mansion, in Elkins Park, Pennsylvania (1897–1900)

Commercial

Public Ledger Building in Philadelphia (1921)

Cultural, medical and educational

Keswick Theatre in Glenside, Pennsylvania

Buildings elsewhere

Duke Chapel at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina (1934); Julian Abele is credited with the design.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Baltzell, Edward Digby. Puritan Boston & Quaker Philadelphia (Transaction Publishers, 1996), pp. 332–33. ISBN 1-56000-830-X
  2. ↑ David B. Brownlee, Making a Modern Classic: The Architecture of the Philadelphia Museum of Art (Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1997), pp. 60–61, 72–73.
  3. ↑ "Horace Trumbauer". Olympedia. Retrieved July 25, 2020.
  4. ↑ "Chelten House, residence of Geo. W. Elkins, esq., Elkins Park, PA". Free Library of Philadelphia. Archived from the original on March 1, 2014.
  5. ↑ "Questions Radnor's Ardrossan purchase". Main Line Media News. September 20, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
  6. ↑ Kostelni, Natalie (December 14, 2009). "Horace Trumbauer-designed estate up for sale". Philadelphia Business Journal. Archived from the original on January 13, 2015.
  7. ↑ "Ronaele Manor, Elkins Park, PA". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.
  8. ↑ "Ronaele Manor 2, Elkins Park, PA". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016.
  9. ↑ "Ronaele Manor 3, Elkins Park, PA". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016.
  10. ↑ Nugent, Robert C. (1974). A House Lives and Dies: The Story of Anselm Hall. Abington, PA: Cassidy Printing.
  11. ↑ "11 Coopertown Rd, Haverford, Pennsylvania, 19041".
  12. ↑ "Walnut Square Apartments, Philadelphia". EMPORIS. Archived from the original on November 1, 2004. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
  13. ↑ "Ritz-Carlton Hotel, Philadelphia, PA". Free Library of Philadelphia. Archived from the original on August 6, 2014.
  14. ↑ "Widener Building, Philadelphia". EMPORIS. Archived from the original on September 10, 2004. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
  15. ↑ "Adelphia House, Philadelphia". EMPORIS. Archived from the original on October 31, 2004. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
  16. ↑ Beneficial Savings Fund Society from Flickr
  17. ↑ "The Franklin, Philadelphia". EMPORIS. Archived from the original on September 12, 2004. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
  18. ↑ "The Racquet Club of Philadelphia". Archived from the original on March 1, 2014.
  19. ↑ "Horace Trumbauer, Music Pavilion, Willow Grove Amusement Park, ca. 1895". Free Library of Philadelphia. Archived from the original on March 1, 2014.
  20. ↑ Whelan, Frank (May 29, 2005), "West Park the iconic home for Allentown bands.", The Morning Call, pp. E.1, ProQuest 393163310
  21. ↑ "Young Men's Christian Association, Philadelphia". Free Library of Philadelphia. Archived from the original on August 6, 2014.
  22. ↑ "Hahnemann University Hospital South Tower, Philadelphia". EMPORIS. Archived from the original on September 12, 2004. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
  23. ↑ "Jefferson Medical School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania". Free Library of Philadelphia. Archived from the original on March 1, 2014.
  24. ↑ "WesBanco Building, Fairmont". EMPORIS. Archived from the original on May 26, 2005. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
  25. ↑ "High Gate - Fairmont, WV - West Virginia (WV) Cyclopedia". The West Virginia. Cyclopedia. Archived from the original on March 8, 2013.
  26. ↑ Kahn, Joseph P. (October 2006). "Gilded Age opportunity". Boston.com. Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
  27. ↑ White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). AIA Guide to New York City (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 439. ISBN 978-0-19538-386-7.
  28. ↑ Rose Terrace from Grosse Pointe Historical Society

Bibliography

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