Hudson Yards
Hudson Yards in September 2021
LocationAbove West Side Yard, Manhattan, New York City
Coordinates40°45′15″N 74°00′09″W / 40.75417°N 74.00250°W / 40.75417; -74.00250
StatusUnder construction
GroundbreakingDecember 4, 2012 (2012-12-04)[1]
Estimated completion2027 (2027)
Companies
Architect
DeveloperThe Related Companies L.P.
Oxford Properties Group Inc.
Technical details
CostUS$25 billion
Buildings10, 15, 30, 35, 50, 55 Hudson Yards, and The Shed
Size28 acres (11 ha)

Hudson Yards is a 28-acre (11 ha) real estate development in the Hudson Yards neighborhood in Manhattan, New York City, between the Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen neighborhoods. It is located on the waterfront of the Hudson River. Upon completion, 13 of the 16 planned structures on the West Side of Midtown South would sit on a platform built over the West Side Yard, a storage yard for Long Island Rail Road trains (hence the development’s name). The first of its two phases, opened in 2019, comprises a public green space and eight structures that contain residences, a hotel, office buildings, a mall, and a cultural facility. The second phase, on which construction had not started as of 2023, will include residential space, an office building, and a school.

Related Companies and Oxford Properties are the primary developers and major equity partners in the project. Related, Oxford, and other large investors have funded Hudson Yards' construction from several capital sources, including from foreign investors through the EB-5 investment program. Mitsui Fudosan owns a 92.09 percent stake in 55 Hudson Yards, and a 90 percent stake in 50 Hudson Yards. The architectural firm Kohn Pedersen Fox designed the master plan for the site, and architects including Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill, Thomas Heatherwick, Foster + Partners, Roche-Dinkeloo, and Diller Scofidio + Renfro contributed designs for individual structures. Major office tenants include or will include fashion company Tapestry, consulting firm BCG, the new New York bureau for CNN, and urban planning organization Sidewalk Labs.

The Hudson Yards site was initially intended for other developments, most notably in the early 2000s as the site of the West Side Stadium, during the New York City bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics. Public officials and private investors began developing the new Hudson Yards plan after the failure of the West Side Stadium. Construction began in 2012 with the groundbreaking for 10 Hudson Yards, and the first phase opened on March 15, 2019. Agreements between various entities including the local government, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA), and the state of New York made the development possible.

The special zoning for Hudson Yards (an area roughly bound by 30th Street in the south, 41st Street in the north, 11th Avenue in the west, and Eighth Avenue in the east) further incentivized the building of other large-scale projects. Hudson Yards is adjacent but unrelated to Manhattan West, 3 Hudson Boulevard, and The Spiral.

Site and structures

The eastern portion of the site, developed as Phase 1, is located between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues. It contains three office towers on Tenth Avenue, two of which have a retail podium between them. Phase 1 also includes The Shed performing arts center, a public plaza, the Vessel sculpture, and three residential skyscrapers on Eleventh Avenue.[4] Developers plan to build Phase 2, the western portion of the development, above tracks between Eleventh and Twelfth Avenues. Phase 2 will provide additional office and residential space.[5]

10 Hudson Yards

10 Hudson Yards

The 52-story, 895-foot (273 m) 10 Hudson Yards is located at Tenth Avenue and 30th Street, along the southeastern corner of Phase 1. It opened in 2016.[6] Ground was broken for the building on December 4, 2012.[1] Construction began with 10 Hudson Yards as it was not built over railroad tracks. However, 10 Hudson Yards does straddle the High Line spur to Tenth Avenue.[7] 10 Hudson Yards opened on May 31, 2016,[6] and was the first structure in the Hudson Yards development to be occupied by tenants.[8] Companies with offices in the building include L'Oreal, BCG, Sidewalk Labs, and anchor tenant Coach. Early on during construction, Coach purchased a stake in the building, which was sold back to Related toward the end of construction.[9] Kohn Pedersen Fox designed the building.[10]

15 Hudson Yards

15 Hudson Yards, originally proposed as Tower D, is located on Eleventh Avenue and West 30th Street, near Phase 1's southwestern corner. The building connects to a semi-permanent structure, a performance and arts space known as The Shed.[11] 15 Hudson Yards started construction in December 2014,[12] was topped out in February 2018, and opened in early 2019. When completed, 15 Hudson Yards included 285 residential units.[13] Its original design, with a pronounced "corset" at the middle of the tower's height, attracted attention.[14][15] 15 Hudson Yards[16] is designed by Diller Scofidio + Renfro, Lead Architect and Rockwell Group, Lead Interior Architect.[17]

Prospective low-income tenants of the building filed a lawsuit against Related.[18] The suit alleges the company created a different address (553 West 30th Street) for 15 Hudson Yards' affordable units and that the tenants of those units would not have access to the same amenities as those in the market-rate units.[18] The suit alleges the building does not have an actual "poor door" but does still segregate its tenants through a "poor address" and "poor floors".[19] "Poor doors" were banned in 2015 by then New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio.[20]

The Shed

The Shed

The Shed is an arts center housed in the Bloomberg Building,[21] a three-story structure adjacent to 15 Hudson Yards. The space is focused on providing cultural programming, and is maintained by an organization of the same name.[22] Its most prominent feature is a retractable "shell" that wraps around its roof and its northern and southern facades.[23][24] The Shed opened on April 5, 2019.[25]

30 Hudson Yards

The 103-story, 1,270 feet (387 m) 30 Hudson Yards is located at Tenth Avenue and 33rd Street. It is the city's sixth-tallest building.[26] Construction began after caissons were sunk to support the platform over the tracks, the latter of which was raised 12 to 27 feet (4 to 8 m) above ground level, at the same elevation as the High Line.[27] 30 Hudson Yards opened on March 15, 2019.[28][29][30]

An observation deck on the building's 100th floor opened in March 2020.[31]

35 Hudson Yards

15 Hudson Yards
35 Hudson Yards
15 Hudson Yards and 35 Hudson Yards

35 Hudson Yards is located at Eleventh Avenue and 33rd Street. Construction on the building's foundation was started in January 2015,[32] and it topped out in June 2018.[33] 35 Hudson Yards opened on March 15, 2019.[28][29][30] The mixed-use building contains 137 condominiums, an Equinox brand hotel, an Equinox brand gym, medical offices, and retail space.[33][34] David Childs, the chairman of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, contributed the designs.[35]

50 Hudson Yards

Work on the 981-foot (299 m)-tall[36] 50 Hudson Yards, located at Tenth Avenue between 33rd and 34th Streets, began in May 2018,[37] with construction completed in 2022.[38] BlackRock signed on as an anchor tenant, and is to occupy 850,000 square feet (79,000 m2) in the building,[39] but Facebook will occupy more space with 1.2 million square feet (110,000 m2).[40][41] Foster + Partners designed the building, which will rank as the fourth largest office tower in New York City in terms of available leaseable area when completed, with 2.9 million square feet (270,000 m2) available to lease.[2] Along with 55 Hudson Yards, it is one of two structures in the first phase not located above the rail yard.[39] Mitsui Fudosan owns a 90 percent stake in the building,[42] while Bank of China, Deutsche Bank, and Wells Fargo contributed financing for the tower.[42]

55 Hudson Yards

The 780-foot-tall (240 m) 55 Hudson Yards, located at Eleventh Avenue between 33rd and 34th Streets, was designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox and Roche-Dinkeloo.[3] 55 Hudson Yards started construction on January 22, 2015,[43] and topped out in August 2017.[44] Mitsui Fudosan owns a 92.09 percent stake in the building. Like 50 Hudson Yards, 55 is not located over the rail yard, and was not included in the original master plan as created by KPF. Cooley, a law firm, signed a lease to occupy 130,000 square feet (12,000 m2) across five stories.[45] Another law firm, Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy, will occupy 250,000 square feet (23,000 m2).[46] American cryptocurrency trading platform Coinbase has sublet 30,000 square feet (2,800 m2) from Point72 Asset Management in the building.[47]

To lower costs and allow flexibility during the build, construction emphasized the use of concrete over steel.[48] Two architectural firms, Kohn Pederson Fox and Roche Dinkeloo, were involved in the design of the building, which is the first collaborative effort between the two firms.[49]

The Shops & Restaurants at Hudson Yards

Interior of the mall, seen in March 2019

Phase 1 also included a seven-story mall with 100 shops and 20 restaurants, called the Shops & Restaurants at Hudson Yards. It has 1 million square feet (93,000 m2) of space, including 750,000 square feet (70,000 m2) in retail, including department stores.[27][32]

In September 2014, Neiman Marcus signed to become the anchor tenant of the Hudson Yards Retail Space.[50] The retail space, designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox and Elkus Manfredi Architects[51][52] with a connection to the bases of 10 and 30 Hudson Yards, started construction in June 2015,[32][53] with a 100,000-short-ton (91,000,000 kg) order of steel, one of the largest such orders in the history of the United States.[54] The mall opened on March 15, 2019.[29][30][55]

The Neiman Marcus store occupied the top 3 levels and 1⁄4 of the mall, or 250,000 square feet (23,000 m2) before its closure.[50][56][57] Chef and restaurateur Thomas Keller has opened a restaurant in the complex, in addition to selecting 11 other restaurants in the retail space.[32][58] There is fine dining on the fifth through seventh floors as well as more casual fare on the second through fourth floors.[59] The mall is anchored by Dior and Chanel on the topmost floors, with "a 'Fifth Avenue' mix of shops", such as H&M, Zara, and Sephora below them.[32] The Neiman Marcus closed in 2020 as part of a plan to close 24 locations nationwide, having been open only for 16 months. The former Neiman Marcus is slated to be converted to office space.[60]

Public plaza

Vessel

There is a 6-acre (2 ha) public square, with 28,000 plants and 225 trees,[61] on the platform.[27] The public square is a ventilation area for the West Side Yards, as well as a storm water runoff site. Storm water that runs off into the square is reused throughout the development.[4] Because it is located on top of an active rail yard, the public square is located over a 6-foot (1.8 m) deep plenum above a cooling slab with 15 fans blowing air at 45 miles per hour (72 km/h) and a 60,000-US-gallon (230,000 L; 50,000 imp gal) rainwater storage tank. The entire platform is supported by 234 caissons. The plantings are rooted within "smart soil".[32][61] The plaza opened along with the mall on March 15, 2019.[55][29][30]

Vessel, a permanent art installation designed by Thomas Heatherwick, is located at the center of the plaza. The installation, a 16-story freestanding structure of connected staircases, cost US$150 million.[62][63] Heatherwick took inspiration from Indian step wells in the design.[64] Stephen M. Ross has compared the structure to the Eiffel Tower,[65] and it has also been informally dubbed The Shawarma.[66] Vessel opened on March 15, 2019.[55] After three suicides at the Vessel, Related closed the structure temporarily in January 2021.[67][68] Vessel reopened in May 2021, with a rule requiring visitors to come in groups and a new ticket fee for most visitors,[69][70] but Vessel was closed again in July 2021 after a fourth suicide.[71] As of August 2022, Hudson Yards officials were installing safety nets around Vessel in preparation for the structure's possible reopening.[72]

Neighboring projects

Hudson Residences building Lantern House under construction in March 2019

The Hudson Yards development sits directly west of the second-largest project in the area: Manhattan West, a 7-acre (2.8 ha) mixed-use multi-building development also built above previously exposed rail yards.[73][74] Two large-scale, single-building office developments border the eastern portion of Hudson Yards. The larger, known as The Spiral, is owned by Tishman Speyer.[75] The smaller development is known as 3 Hudson Boulevard.[76]

Several existing or planned residential buildings border Phase 1. Related owns three: One Hudson Yards, Abington House and 451 Tenth Avenue.[77] Despite sharing a developer, these buildings are distinct from the main Hudson Yards project.[78]

Another Related development also on the West Side, originally dubbed "Hudson Residences," was under construction at the same time as Hudson Yards.[79] The project consists of two residential buildings, one designed by Thomas Heatherwick, the other by Robert A.M. Stern Architects.[80] The company co-owns a site with Spitzer Enterprises with plans to develop both residential and office space.[81] Related also purchased a 99.9% interest in several sites on 35th and 36th streets from Spitzer in November 2021.[82]

601 West 29th Street[83] and 606 West 30th Street are under construction south of the two Related developments.[84] Despite the involvement of two separate real estate companies, they are being developed together due to their proximity.[84]

Joint ventures with Spitzer Enterprises

In 2020, Spitzer Enterprises and Related Companies received $276 million in loans for a 526-unit housing development in Hudson Yards at 451 10th Avenue.[85] The building, also given the address 455 10th Avenue, includes a mix of "upscale urban senior living communities" and executive apartments.[86] The senior living and executive apartments are respectively be marketed under the brands "The Coterie" and "The Set".[87][88] Handel Architects designed 451 10th Avenue.[89]

In October 2021, Related purchased 99.9% stakes in three sites owned by Spitzer Enterprises at 511 West 35th Street, 506 West 36th Street, and 512 West 36th Street.[90]

History

Older site proposals

Several developers and other entities proposed uses for the rail yard during the 20th century. In 1956, William Zeckendorf suggested the construction of the "Freedom Tower," which would have risen 1,750 feet (530 m),[91] making it the tallest building in the world at the time.[92] Transportation to the new complex would have been via a "passenger conveyor belt" from further east in Midtown. Zeckendorf never purchased the rights, as he was unable to secure financing for the deal, given that large-scale speculative real estate projects were not an asset class that institutional investors and lenders took an interest in at the time.[93] The administration of Mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. released a $670 million development plan in 1963, which was ultimately never realized.[94]

In the 1980s, both the Jets and the Yankees proposed new stadiums above the rails, though none of these projects succeeded. Another ultimately unsuccessful plan for a new stadium for the Yankees was proposed above the West Side Yard in 1993.[95] A similar plan for a Yankee stadium above the West Side Yard was proposed in 1996,[96] and was endorsed by mayor Rudy Giuliani.[97] However, the plan also received opposition from many other public figures,[97] and was also not built.[95]

By the early 2000s, plans for the rail yard long included a new Olympic stadium,[98] to become the home of the Jets after the games ended.[99] Proposers dubbed the structure the "New York Sports and Convention Center". In addition to the stadium, rezoning the adjacent area would have incentivized the construction of some 13,000 new residential units and 28 million square feet (2,600,000 m2) of office space.[100][101] This effort, led by Daniel Doctoroff, was unpopular with the public and politicians.[102]

In January 2005, the New York City Council approved the 60-block rezoning, including the eastern portion of the West Side Yard.[103] Michael Bloomberg, then the city's mayor, subsequently separated the city's broader rezoning plans from the rail yard stadium.[104][105] In conjunction with the city, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) issued a Request for Proposal (RFP) for a 12.7-million-square-foot (1,180,000 m2) mixed-use development to be built on platforms over the rail yard, which would remain in use throughout.[106]

The MTA received three bids to cap and lease the rail yard. Cablevision (the owner of the nearby Madison Square Garden), the New York Jets organization, and TransGas Energy all submitted proposals.[107] The Jets won the development rights, but several lawsuits filed after the bidding process alleged they won without paying a fair price.[108] In June 2005, New York State Assembly speaker Sheldon Silver voted against the stadium, definitively eliminating the possibility of support at the state level and the possibility of the stadium's construction.[109] Although Bloomberg and others expressed doubts about interest in the area from real estate companies after the stadium fell through, development nevertheless continued.[110] The former mayor later expressed that the loss of the stadium may have been a "blessing" for New York.[111]

The MTA received proceeds from the development's 2006 bond offering to pay for an extension of the New York City Subway's 7 and <7>​ trains to 34th Street–Hudson Yards station.[112] With funding assured, the MTA proceeded quickly to construct the extension.[113] The first construction contracts were awarded in October 2007,[114][115] and the subway extension opened on September 13, 2015.[116][117]

Bidding process

Hudson Yards seen from the 102nd floor of the Empire State Building, November 2018

In late 2006, the city and the MTA backed out of a plan for the city to purchase the development site, and created a proposal to seek bids from private developers.[118] This was followed by a formal request for proposals in 2008 with the intention of creating a large-scale mixed-use development above the rail yards. Five developers responded to the RFP: Extell Development Company, Tishman Speyer,[119] Brookfield, Vornado Realty Trust with the Durst Organization, and the Related Companies.[120]

Submissions

Brookfield's Skidmore, Owings and Merrill-designed master plan known as "Hudson Place" and "Hudson Green" proposed constructing 15 towers (four office and 11 residential/hotel) that would range in height from 300 feet (91 m) to 1,280 feet (390 m). The buildings would include 7.4 million square feet (690,000 m2) of office space and 4,000 residential units, including 400 devoted to affordable housing.[121] "Hudson Place" encompassed the office component covering the eastern portion of the railyards while "Hudson Green" was residential-focused and planned for the western railyards.[122] Individual towers would have been designed by SHoP Architects, SANAA, Thomas Phifer, Handel Architects, and Diller Scofidio + Renfro.[123][124] The development would have also included two hotels, a cultural center, school, two parks (4.4 acres for Hudson Green and 3.4 acres for Hudson Place), and 100,000 square feet (9,300 m2) of space for the Children's Museum of Manhattan.[125]

Durst and Vornado hired FXCollaborative and César Pelli to design a development named "Hudson Center" which would have included 13 towers ranging from 250 feet (76 m) to 1,200 feet (370 m) tall.[125] The development would be split between 6 million square feet (560,000 m2) of office space and 6,500 residential units, 600 of which would have been affordable. The developers also would have included 12 acres of open space and a subterranean people mover system connecting the complex to Penn Station.[121][126] Media company Condé Nast agreed to anchor the development by taking all 1.5 million square feet (140,000 m2) of office space in the largest office tower and move from their headquarters at Durst's 4 Times Square in 2015.[127][128]

Extell, in a master plan designed by Steven Holl, proposed 11 towers with just two featuring office space and the rest devoted to 3,812 residential units.[121] The company's proposal also featured 19.5 acres of outdoor space including an outdoor amphitheatre and a sculpture garden named after Sol LeWitt.[125] The company also would have built a new ferry terminal on the Hudson River as well as a Long Island Rail Road stop at the site.[126] Extell's proposal was fundamentally different than the others as they proposed constructing a suspension deck over the rail yards similar to a suspension bridge rather than the truss structure every other developer proposed.[127] Extell claimed this method would be more cost-effective but the suspension structure also would not have been strong enough to support large buildings. Due to this, all of Extell's proposed towers were clustered at the edges of the site in order to sit on solid ground while the deck itself would hold only the proposal's open spaces and park. Other unique aspects included a central reservoir to collect stormwater, a geothermal cooling system, and cogeneration which together would reduce energy use by almost 50%.[129] Writing in The Wall Street Journal, Ada Louise Huxtable praised the proposal, writing that it "could have the unity, character and potential beauty of a Rockefeller Center."[127] The New York Times added to the praise, writing that the "proposal is the only one worth serious consideration."[123]

Related's initial proposal envisioned 13 towers split between 3 office building and 10 residential structures. The company divided the space between 6.7 million square feet (620,000 m2) of office space and 4,962 residential units.[121] The towers would have varied in height from 350 feet (110 m) to 1,100 feet (340 m) and been designed by a diverse array of architects including Arquitectonica, Robert A. M. Stern, and Kohn Pedersen Fox.[127] Proposed amenities included a school, winter garden, and 15.1 acres of open space.[125] Related also secured a commitment from Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation to move their headquarters into one of the new office towers at the development.[127] However, News Corporation later pulled out of the deal which led Related to bid only on the residential-focused Western railyard rather than the entire site. Due to this, the MTA disqualified the Related bid.[130]

Tishman Speyer's bid, designed by Helmut Jahn, covered 11 towers centered on four large office towers surrounded by seven smaller residential buildings. Two of the office towers would have stood at 900 feet (270 m) while the other two would be taller at 1,100 feet (340 m) with the accompanying residential buildings varying between 400 feet (120 m) and 570 feet (170 m) tall.[125] The company's bid was the most office-focused with plans featuring 10.6 million square feet (980,000 m2) of commercial space and 3,000 residential units.[121] The proposed buildings would total over 12 million square feet (1,100,000 m2) of space with 13 acres of open space and also include 379 units of affordable housing.[131] Investment bank Morgan Stanley would have occupied all 3 million square feet (280,000 m2) of office space in both the taller office towers as the company's headquarters and also would have provided equity and debt financing for the project.[132]

Selection

Tishman Speyer, a New York-based real estate conglomerate, won the bid in March 2008.[133] Tishman Speyer won a $1 billion bid to lease and cap the West Side Yard, with payment due as annual rent over a 99-year period.[134] It would also spend another $2 billion for development over the rail yards, including for the two platforms over the yards to support 15 acres (6.1 ha) of public spaces, four office buildings, and ten high-rise residential towers.[133] Tishman had secured the investment bank Morgan Stanley as both an anchor tenant and financial backer.[135]

Two months later, the deal broke down when Morgan Stanley pulled out due to the late-2000s financial crisis.[136] Subsequently, the MTA chose the Related Companies and Goldman Sachs to develop Hudson Yards under the same conditions.[134][137] Related's revised plan included 13 buildings encompassing 12 million square feet of space including 2,154 rental apartments, 20% of which would be affordable. Other components included 2,619 condominiums, 5.5 million square feet (510,000 m2) of offices, a hotel, about 757,000 square feet (70,300 m2) of retail, a school and a 200,000 sq ft (19,000 m2) cultural facility.[130]

In December 2009, the New York City Council approved Related Companies' revised plan for Hudson Yards, and the western portion of the West Side Yard was rezoned.[106] Following the rail yards' successful rezoning, the MTA signed another 99-year lease to the air rights over the rail yard in May 2010. The air rights were signed over to a joint venture of Related Companies and Oxford Properties Group, which invested $400 million to build a platform above both the eastern and western portions of the yard on which to construct the buildings.[106][138]

In April 2013, the Related/Oxford joint venture obtained a $475 million construction loan from parties including Barry Sternlicht's Starwood Capital Group and luxury retailer Coach. The financing deal was unique in several aspects, including the fact that it included a construction mezzanine loan, that Coach was a lender on both the debt and equity sides,[139] and that the MTA reused a "severable lease" structure (previously used by Battery Park City) that allowed for the loans. A portion of the project was also financed by the EB-5 investment program, which uses capital from immigrants, who become eligible for a green card.[140]

Construction and opening

Hudson Yards under construction in 2015

The groundbreaking for 10 Hudson Yards, which was not built on the platform, occurred on December 4, 2012. At that event, the start of construction was also announced for 30 Hudson Yards.[141][142] No tenants had been secured for any building in the complex when construction started on 10 Hudson Yards. However, three tenants—L'Oreal, Coach, and SAP—were announced in 2013.[143]

In October 2013, New York's Industrial Development Agency granted Related a $328 million tax exemption for 20 and 30 Hudson Yards, in addition to the previously approved $106 million exemption for 10 Hudson Yards.[144] Shortly after, Related announced construction would begin on the platform covering the eastern railyards in January 2014 and cost $721 million.[145] Construction on the platform began in March 2014 after Related secured a $250 million loan from Deutsche Bank.[146] The erection of the platform was necessary in order to start construction on 15, 30, and 35 Hudson Yards.[147][148] The platform for the Eastern Rail Yard was completed in October 2015, and the western platform was completed by 2016.[4] In anticipation of the completion of the structures at Hudson Yards, the section of the High Line elevated park adjacent to the development opened in September 2014.[149][150][151] After several delays in the completion of the 34th Street subway station,[152] the station opened the following September.[153] However, the first building in the complex, 10 Hudson Yards, did not open until May 31, 2016.[6]

Groundbreaking occurred for 15 Hudson Yards in December 2014,[12] and work on 35 Hudson Yards and 55 Hudson Yards both started the following month.[32][43] Construction on The Shed, adjacent to 15 Hudson Yards, began in mid-2015 after its pilings were completed.[154][4] A 16-story, honeycomb-shaped structure with stairwells named Vessel, in the center of Hudson Yards' public plaza, was unveiled to the public in September 2016.[155] The pieces of Vessel were fabricated off-site and were brought to Hudson Yards for assembly starting in April 2017.[156][157] Work on the final building in the first phase, 50 Hudson Yards, began in May 2018.[37]

Further construction, August 2018

55 Hudson Yards topped out in August 2017,[44] while 15, 30, and 35 Hudson Yards all topped out in 2018.[13][33] All four structures were opened on March 14, 2019, as were the Shed, shopping center, and Vessel.[55] In addition, neither the High Line nor the 34th Street station were completed at the time of their respective openings. A second entrance to the 34th Street station was opened in September 2018,[158] while the High Line spur adjacent to 10 Hudson Yards opened in June 2019.[159][160]

Labor disputes

Higher costs for materials and land after the 2008 recession have caused real estate companies to seek lower labor costs. In New York City non-union labor has made inroads, although workers tend to have less training and experience. Douglas Durst, a real estate magnate in New York, has said "Related is leading the charge" among New York-based companies in employing non-union labor.[161] Beginning in late 2017, unions working at the site alleged Related "continue[d] to look for deeper and deeper concessions" in their negotiations, and begin organizing a campaign referred to as "#CountMeIn".[162][161] Related's push to change the site to an open shop would mostly affect the second phase of construction, on the western yard.[163] The labor dispute is ongoing as of February 2019, though there have been meetings between labor leader Gary LaBarbera and Related executive Bruce Beal Jr.[164]

COVID-19 pandemic

Facing east toward Hudson Yards in 2021

The Edge observation deck on the 100th floor of 30 Hudson Yards had opened on March 11, 2020, but the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City caused Related to close Edge two days later.[31][165] The restaurant on the 101st floor of the same building, Peak, also opened on March 11 but closed the following day after a staff member contracted COVID-19.[166] In April 2020, The Wall Street Journal reported that condominium sales had slowed due to the pandemic.[167] The Journal also noted a downturn in retail rent collections at the development. This decline occurred in part due to unique contracts between Related and its tenants, which meant the developer collected income based on sales, rather than traditional fixed payments.[167] In May 2020, the Financial Times noted the development had become a "ghost town".[168]

The Wall Street Journal reported in July that the Hudson Yards Neiman Marcus location, the flagship of the development's retail offerings, would close.[169] Related opted to turn the Neiman Marcus store into offices instead of a store.[170] Thomas Keller closed his restaurant in the complex in August 2020.[171] The Hudson Yards mall reopened in September 2020, though Bloomberg noted few visitors.[172] The Edge observation deck also reopened that month.[173][174] Despite the closures, Barclays reportedly considered Hudson Yards as a location for a new American headquarters in late 2020.[175][176] Additionally, BlackRock indicated in early 2021 that it still intended to move its headquarters to 50 Hudson Yards in 2022 or 2023.[177] Due to the financial problems caused by the pandemic, Related has sought a low-interest loan from the Department of Transportation to cap the western yard, the first step in beginning the project's second phase.[178]

Vendor disputes

Street vendors who have legally[179] operated on public property near the development since before its opening allege they have been the targets of harassment from security employed by Related and the NYPD.[180] Related has installed landscaping with the alleged intention of depriving the vendors of adequate space to place their carts.[180] Related first installed new tree pits, leaving space for one cart, and later placed a large planter in the final available space.[180]

After receiving summonses from NYPD officers in May 2021—contravening a policy removing police from enforcing vendor compliance with laws—the vendors organized a protest. This protest was supported by Manhattan Borough President Gale Brewer.[179]

Future development

The western portion of West Side Yard, visible in the foreground, is the site for the proposed Phase 2

The western portion of the yard is bordered by 30th Street and 33rd Street in the north and south, and Eleventh and Twelfth avenues in the east and west. The western phase of the project is to contain up to seven residential towers, an office building at 33rd Street and Eleventh Avenue tentatively known as "West Tower", and a school serving Pre-K to eighth grade students.[4] The third phase of the High Line will traverse Phase 2 of the project.[11] According to Architectural Digest magazine, Santiago Calatrava, Robert A.M. Stern Architects, Thomas Heatherwick, and Frank Gehry are involved in the design of the second phase's residential towers.[181][182] Related Companies had previously commissioned works from Stern,[183] Heatherwick,[184][185] and Gehry.[186]

Work on the platform to cover the second half of the tracks was originally scheduled to begin in 2018,[187] and Phase 2 was to have been completed by 2024.[188] However, construction was later rescheduled to begin in 2019.[29] Around $500 million of financing for Phase 2 was approved in mid-2018.[189] As of February 2021, there is no set completion date for Phase 2 because of the COVID-19 pandemic.[5][170]

The status of the plans for buildings with a range of uses on the western yard is unclear. In late 2022, multiple sources reported that Related had entered into a partnership with Wynn Resorts to attempt develop a casino and resort on the western yard, presumably replacing earlier plans.[190][191] In 2023, The New York Post reported that this plan would include a "'resort' tower", developed with Wynn, which would include a casino and hotel. The Post also reported that the plan includes a previously unannounced 2-million-square-foot office tower, as well as a previously disclosed apartment building, school, and park.[192][193] This plan would require that the partnership secure one of several available licenses, issued by New York state, for casinos in New York City and its surroundings.[190][194] Competitors for the licenses include a joint venture between SL Green Realty and Caesars Entertainment, Soloviev Group, and other bidders.[195]

In 2022, Related held discussions with representatives of Madison Square Garden about moving the sporting and entertainment facility to the development.[196] In March 2023, The New Yorker reported that Madison Square Garden had ended the discussions.[197]

Rail yard platform

30th Street staging area for construction equipment and materials

The new platform upon which the Hudson Yards development is being built is bordered by 10th and 12th Avenues and by 30th and 33rd Streets.[198][199] In 2014, it was expected to cost more than $20 billion[200] and was projected to eventually see 65,000 visitors a day.[201] Construction on the platform began in March 2014.[147][148] Construction was overseen by Related Companies' executive vice president, Timur Galen.[202]

The 28-acre (11 ha) Hudson Yards project[27][203] is located in the Hudson Yards area of Manhattan, between the Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen neighborhoods.[204] It was constructed over the existing at-grade West Side Yard, allowing LIRR trains to continue to be stored during midday hours.[205] To minimize construction impact on the LIRR's ability to store trains during midday and peak hours, caissons were drilled into bedrock throughout much of the site, over which the platform was to be built.[205] However, only 38% of the ground level at West Side Yard was to be filled in with columns to support the development.[206] Much of the platform itself was built by a huge Manitowoc 18000 crane.[207] The eastern platform, supporting the towers, comprises 16 bridges.[208] The platform for the Eastern Rail Yard was completed in October 2015, and the western part of the platform was completed the following year.[4]

In 2013, Amtrak announced it would build a "tunnel box" through the project areas to reserve the space for a future rail right-of-way such as the proposed Gateway Project.[209][210][211] Construction began September 2013 and took two years.[212] The underground concrete casing is 800 ft (240 m) long, 50 ft (15 m) wide, and approximately 35 ft (11 m) tall.[213]

Financing and ownership

Projected to cost $25 billion upon its completion, Hudson Yards is one of the most expensive real estate developments ever built in the United States,[214][215] and the largest private development in the country's history.[216] Under the terms of their agreement with Oxford, Related retains a 60 percent stake in the complex.[217] Related is unusual among real estate firms in that it develops and subsequently retains ownership of rental buildings it constructs, meaning it has a large portfolio of affordable rental properties that provide consistent income.[218] Initial funding came exclusively from Related and partner Goldman Sachs. After Goldman exited this arrangement, Related and its new partner, Oxford, secured a number of capital sources.[219][220] These include conventional lenders, such as Wells Fargo, foreign investors through the EB-5 program, and a debt raise on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange.[219] $600 million of the project's financing has come from EB-5, making it the project to receive the most funding from the program. Other lenders include The Children's Investment Fund Foundation, Deutsche Bank, and Allianz. As of September 2017, Related had raised about $18 billion in funds.[221]

Related has also received or otherwise benefited from $6 billion in investments and tax breaks from the city in conjunction with Hudson Yards' construction.[222] While The New York Times described the $6 billion as comprising numerous "tax breaks", a columnist for Crain's New York Business disputed this statement, saying, "There are two significant tax breaks which the New School totals at a little more than $1.36 billion", and that the rest of the investment was in infrastructure such as parks and the 7 Subway Extension.[223] The $6 billion sum includes:

  • $1.6 billion given by Empire State Development Corporation to Hudson Yards. The agency, which distributes funding through geographical districts, classified Hudson Yards as being in the same "economically troubled area" as the sparsely populated Central Park and low-income housing developments in Harlem, thereby qualifying the project for EB-5 funds.[224]
  • Funds for infrastructure projects that will serve the new development, including:
    • $2.4 billion spent on the 7 Subway Extension project.[222]
    • $1.2 billion for Hudson Park and Boulevard.[222]

An additional $1 billion was given to other developers who were building nearby projects.[222]

Tenants

A number of companies have moved their headquarters or New York City office to Hudson Yards or rival developments. These include financial firms, law firms, and miscellaneous technology, fashion, and media companies.[225] 10 Hudson Yards is occupied by Coach,[6] the Boston Consulting Group,[226] and Sidewalk Labs.[227] 30 Hudson Yards would be occupied by Time Warner,[228] DNB Bank,[229] Wells Fargo Securities,[230] and Facebook once it opens. 50 Hudson Yards, which opened in 2022,[231] hosts the corporate headquarters of BlackRock, and part of it also being occupied by Facebook.[40][41] 55 Hudson Yards would be occupied by at least three law firms (Boies, Schiller & Flexner;[232] Cooley LLP;[45] and Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy[46]), as well as by Facebook,[40][41] electronic trading platform MarketAxess[233] and pharmaceutical company Intercept Pharmaceuticals.[234] The city has enticed large tenants to Hudson Yards by making them eligible for discretionary tax credits once they add a certain number of jobs there.[222]

Joe Patrice, writing for Above the Law, noted that with the move of Cooley LLP to 55 Hudson Yards from the Grace Building there was an "official trend" of law firms moving to the new office buildings on the far West Side.[235] This move westward follows a trend from earlier in the 21st century, when firms began moving from parts of Midtown such as the Plaza District to Times Square and other areas with new office towers.[236]

A number of financial firms have left offices in Midtown or the Financial District for the development.[237] Following speculation that private equity company KKR might move to Hudson Yards, other finance-focused companies became more interested in the possibility of relocating there. KKR's long-time occupancy at the Solow Building in Midtown produced a similar effect, as Apollo Global Management, Och-Ziff Capital Management, and Silver Lake Partners had also taken space in the Midtown building.[238] KKR ultimately decided to move to 30 Hudson Yards; Silver Lake announced it would leave the Solow Building for 55 Hudson Yards in 2017 after speculation it would do so.[238][239] BlackRock, another major financial company, signed on as an anchor tenant at 50 Hudson Yards, where it is to occupy 850,000 square feet (79,000 m2).[39] Financial Times wrote that Hudson Yards "is the boldest expression of a new fashion in corporate real estate that buildings and 'space' should be potent weapons in a fight to recruit and retain talented young workers."[240]

Equinox Fitness also operates the world's largest Equinox-branded gym at 35 Hudson Yards.[237] The building also contains an Equinox-branded hotel. Related owns a majority stake in the fitness brand, purchased in 2005.[241]

Design and reception

Architectural critiques

Kohn Pedersen Fox designed the site's master plan, as well as four individual buildings: 10, 30, and 55 Hudson Yards and the shopping center. Firms and individual architects working on distinct buildings did not meet to produce a uniform aesthetic or review the plans for individual buildings together. Two architects involved in the project, Thomas Woltz and Bill Pedersen, have respectively compared the relationship between the buildings to "mastodons, pineapples, sheds, swizzlesticks and bubble mats" and "elephants dancing".[242]

Justin Davidson, writing for New York in 2018, referred to 10 Hudson Yards as "taller, fatter, and greener" than historical New York City skyscrapers, despite more staid interiors with typical open floor plans and corresponding curtain wall.[243] Davidson later compared Hudson Yards unfavorably to Manhattan West, writing that the Brookfield development "[...] feels like a corner of New York conceived with actual human beings in mind" while Hudson Yards has "[...] has aged from a shiny new space station to a disconsolate one".[244]

New York Times architecture critic Michael Kimmelman called Hudson Yards a "gated community" catering to the upper-class, writing: "A relic of dated 2000s thinking, nearly devoid of urban design, it declines to blend into the city grid."[245] The Guardian's architecture and design critic, Oliver Wainwright, said that "the real shock is that it's quite so bad", and that the new buildings represented "ungainly lumps", with the logic of design "presenting a mostly blank frontage of service hatches and lift lobbies to the city".[246]

Restaurants and amenities

In a review of the restaurant offerings at Hudson Yards written in anticipation of the complex opening to the public, Ryan Sutton criticized Related and Oxford for including only two establishments run by women.[247] Further, Sutton criticized Related and Oxford for failing to provide opportunities for small, local operators to open in Hudson Yards, instead leasing to restaurateurs and organizations which had already experienced "great success".[247] Sutton also criticized the lack of "vibrancy" at Hudson Yards, caused by a lack of street-level restaurants.[247] Sutton noted the presence of several chain establishments, such as Sweetgreen and Think Coffee, at street-level in and near the complex, but wrote that "Fast casual isn't known for fostering communal dinnertime bonhomie".[247] In his review, Sutton did express positive anticipation of Mercado Little Spain, a restaurant and food court which had not yet opened in 10 Hudson Yards at the time the piece was published by Eater.[247]

When Mercado Little Spain ultimately opened in 2019, Eater published a mixed review of its offerings written by Robert Sietsema.[248] In a separate review by Sutton of the opened complex, published in 2019, the critic referred to Hudson Yards as "the worst place to eat fancy food in New York".[249] In the 2019 review, which served as an introduction to Eater's individual reviews of restaurants in Hudson Yards, Sutton panned TAK Room, a restaurant by Thomas Keller, but offered praise for Kawi and Milos Wine Bar.[249] In his full review of TAK Room, Sutton criticized its prices and the discrepancy between the cost of eating at the restaurant and his perception of the quality of the food and service.[250] Pete Wells, in his review of the restaurant, echoed Sutton's criticisms.[251] TAK Room closed in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[252]

The Equinox Hotel received a positive review from Vanity Fair.[253] Samantha Lewis praised the hotel for its emphasis on providing guests with "blissful slumber".[253] The hotel's restaurant, Electric Lemon, has received an "underwhelming" review from Pete Wells.[254]

Public perception

The Hudson Yards development has had mixed public approval. The New York Times questioned if New York City needed another "gated community," which alludes to the premium nature of the development, shops and condominium offerings.[255] Bridget Read wrote for Curbed in 2022 that "the broad public benefit from the largest real-estate development in American history has not yet materialized".[256] A study by The New School found that Hudson Yards had cost city residents an additional $2.2 billion in taxes, even though the project was supposed to have been self-financed.[256][257]

Comedian Conner O'Malley released a video titled "Hudson Yards Video Game" which was perceived as critical of the project.[258][259]

Resilience

Hudson Yards sits within Manhattan's 100-year floodplain, and the rail lines have previously been flooded despite preventive measures. Given that the bulk of the new structures would rise from an already elevated platform, the development is above the floodplain, and most mechanical systems are similarly raised. In addition, new elevator pits would be made waterproof.[260]

Klaus Jacob, a professor at Columbia University, has stated approval of the project stems from the "shortsightedness of decision-making" by its developers and the city in the face of impending climate change.[261] In his 2017 novel New York 2140, author Kim Stanley Robinson mentions the inundation of the neighborhood by rising waters.[262]

Technology implementation

The rail yard development was designed to be technologically advanced, in that the owners would collect all sorts of data within the buildings using sensors and other data-collecting instruments.[188][263] The innovations included:

New York University's Center for Urban Science and Progress designed the infrastructure with the developers of Hudson Yards. Fiber loops connected to satellite dishes on rooftops, to transponders, and to two-way radios would create a network covering the 14 acres (6 ha) of open space as well as 17 million square feet (1,600,000 m2) of commercial space.[263] The technology was designed to be adaptable: updates to infrastructure would be performed as new technological advances are made.[188]

Seen from the Hudson River near North River Pier 66 at 26th Street

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Sheftell, Jason (December 4, 2012). "New York City officials, developers to break ground on $15 billion mini-city Hudson Yards". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on June 21, 2020. Retrieved June 18, 2020.
  2. 1 2 Lynch, Patrick (December 8, 2016). "Foster + Partners' Plans for 50 Hudson Yards in New York Unveiled". ArchDaily. Archived from the original on December 20, 2019. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
  3. 1 2 Walter, Alexander (October 31, 2018). "55 Hudson Yards completes construction in Manhattan". Archinect. Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Progress Report: Hudson Yards". Chelsea Now. January 29, 2015. Archived from the original on February 8, 2015. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  5. 1 2 "Related's Hudson Yards Has No Completion Date for Phase 2". The Real Deal New York. December 27, 2019. Archived from the original on May 13, 2020. Retrieved April 3, 2020.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Kirby, Jen (May 31, 2016). "Take a Peek Into 10 Hudson Yards, the New Neighborhood's First Shiny Skyscraper to Open for Business". Daily Intelligencer. Archived from the original on June 1, 2016. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
  7. ↑ Fedak, Nikolai (December 13, 2013). "Construction Update: 10 Hudson Yards". New York YIMBY. Archived from the original on September 11, 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2014.
  8. ↑ Plitt, Amy (May 31, 2016). "Hudson Yards's First Building, a Decade In the Making, Welcomes Tenants". Curbed. Archived from the original on June 28, 2018. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
  9. ↑ Rosenberg, Zoe (November 16, 2015). "Coach Is Selling a Major Stake In 10 Hudson Yards". Curbed. Archived from the original on June 28, 2018. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
  10. ↑ Rosenberg, Zoe (May 27, 2014). "Contested Hudson Yards Tower Gets Another New Look". Curbed NY. Archived from the original on February 10, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
  11. 1 2 "The Master Plan – 17 Million Square Foot Mixed Use Development | Hudson Yards". Hudsonyardsnewyork.com. January 22, 2014. Archived from the original on July 13, 2016. Retrieved May 9, 2014.
  12. 1 2 Clarke, Katherine (December 4, 2014). "Real estate giant the Related Companies breaks ground on first residential tower at Hudson Yards". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on July 14, 2018. Retrieved July 13, 2018.
  13. 1 2 Plitt, Amy (February 27, 2018). "15 Hudson Yards tops out as megaproject preps for spring 2019 debut". Curbed NY. Archived from the original on February 27, 2018. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  14. ↑ Budin, Jeremiah (August 6, 2014). "Hudson Yards Tower Saved from Having an Interesting Shape". Curbed. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
  15. ↑ Hylton, Ondel (March 23, 2016). "Curvaceous 'Morph Tower' Begins Its Rise at 15 Hudson Yards, Abutting the Culture Shed". 6sqft. Archived from the original on June 28, 2018. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
  16. ↑ "What's the Deal - WSJ.com". Online.wsj.com. March 11, 2012. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
  17. ↑ "Diller Scofidio + Renfro and Rockwell Group's Hudson Yards Skyscraper Completed in Manhattan". Archived from the original on October 8, 2014. Retrieved April 22, 2016.
  18. 1 2 Brenzel, Kathryn (July 22, 2021). "Lawsuit Claims Related's 15 Hudson Yards Has "Poor Doors"". The Real Deal New York. Archived from the original on September 10, 2021. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  19. ↑ Rizzi, Nicholas (July 23, 2021). "Affordable Tenants Separated From Market-Rate at Hudson Yards: Lawsuit". Commercial Observer. Archived from the original on September 10, 2021. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  20. ↑ Kasperkevic, Jana (June 29, 2015). "New York bans 'poor doors' in win for low income tenants". the Guardian. Archived from the original on September 10, 2021. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  21. ↑ Kim, Jeanhee (January 9, 2019). "Hudson Yards arts center to be named the Bloomberg Building". Crain's New York Business. Archived from the original on January 9, 2019. Retrieved January 9, 2019.
  22. ↑ Chaban, Matt (February 5, 2013). "Hudson Yard's Culture Shed detailed". Crain's New York Business. Archived from the original on April 2, 2017. Retrieved June 2, 2014.
  23. ↑ Rackard, Nicky (February 28, 2013). "Diller Scofidio + Renfro Designs Telescopic 'Culture Shed' for New York". ArchDaily. Retrieved August 10, 2016.
  24. ↑ Maloney, Jennifer (February 28, 2013). "Seeking to Turn Corner on Arts 'Shed'". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on May 28, 2014. Retrieved August 10, 2016.
  25. ↑ Paybarah, Azi (April 5, 2019). "The Shed Opens at Hudson Yards". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 5, 2019. Retrieved April 5, 2019.
  26. ↑ "30 Hudson Yards". The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
  27. 1 2 3 4 Pereira, Ivan (August 21, 2014). "Hudson Yards developers give update on project". AM New York. Archived from the original on March 29, 2019. Retrieved August 21, 2014.
  28. 1 2 Walker, Ameena (April 4, 2018). "Tracking the biggest buildings taking shape at Hudson Yards". Curbed NY. Archived from the original on June 15, 2018. Retrieved June 12, 2018.
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 Rosenberg, Zoe (January 2, 2019). "6 crucial ways New York City's landscape will change in 2019". Curbed NY. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved January 3, 2019.
  30. 1 2 3 4 Bendix, Aria (October 7, 2018). "Hudson Yards is the biggest New York development since Rockefeller Center. Here are all the major buildings in the $25 billion neighborhood". Business Insider. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved January 3, 2019.
  31. 1 2 Brandt, Libertina (March 13, 2020). "Edge, the 100th-floor observation deck in NYC's Hudson Yards, has temporarily closed to visitors just 2 days after opening because of coronavirus concerns". Business Insider. Archived from the original on February 13, 2021. Retrieved February 4, 2021.
  32. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Stiffler, Scott (August 20, 2015). "Hudson Yards, From the Pits to the Heights". chelseanow.com. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved August 20, 2015.
  33. 1 2 3 Nelson, Andrew (June 19, 2018). "Related's 35 Hudson Yards Tops Out As Neighborhood's First Residential Supertall". New York YIMBY. Archived from the original on June 28, 2018. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
  34. ↑ Brenzel, Kathryn (June 19, 2018). "At Hudson Yards, another doctor is in". The Real Deal. Archived from the original on June 28, 2018. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
  35. ↑ Dailey, Jessica (December 5, 2013). "Design Changes Revealed For Two Hudson Yards Towers". Curbed NY. Archived from the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved March 23, 2019.
  36. ↑ Andrew Nelson (August 22, 2018). "Supertall 50 Hudson Yards Sees Slight Height Increase, Will Now Rise 1,011 Feet". New York YIMBY. Archived from the original on November 15, 2019. Retrieved November 15, 2019.
  37. 1 2 Nelson, Andrew (May 11, 2018). "Excavation Wraps For Foster + Partners' 50 Hudson Yards As Foundation Work Begins". YIMBY. Archived from the original on June 28, 2018. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
  38. ↑ Ricciulli, Valeria (November 14, 2019). "Facebook leases 1.5M square feet in Hudson Yards". Curbed NY. Archived from the original on November 15, 2019. Retrieved November 15, 2019.
  39. 1 2 3 Bagli, Charles V. (December 8, 2016). "BlackRock Reaches a Deal for a Move to Hudson Yards". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 11, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
  40. 1 2 3 Palmer, Annie (November 14, 2019). "Facebook is moving into more than 1.5 million square feet of office space in New York's Hudson Yards". CNBC. Archived from the original on November 15, 2019. Retrieved November 15, 2019.
  41. 1 2 3 Garcia, Ahiza (November 15, 2019). "Facebook signed a lease for 30 floors of office space in New York's Hudson Yards". CNN Business. Archived from the original on November 15, 2019. Retrieved November 15, 2019.
  42. 1 2 "Mitsui Fudosan takes 90% stake in NYC's most expensive office tower". The Real Deal. September 1, 2017. Archived from the original on June 28, 2018. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
  43. 1 2 "Construction starts on 55 Hudson Yards". Real Estate Weekly. Archived from the original on May 3, 2016. Retrieved February 10, 2016.
  44. 1 2 Fedak, Nikolai (August 22, 2017). "55 Hudson Yards Tops Out 51 Floors and 780 Feet Above Street Level, Midtown West". New York YIMBY. Archived from the original on June 12, 2020. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
  45. 1 2 Bockmann, Rich (July 31, 2017). "Law firm Cooley finalizes deal for 130K sf at 55 Hudson Yards". The Real Deal. Archived from the original on June 28, 2018. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
  46. 1 2 Stulberg, Ariel (April 29, 2016). "Milbank to take 250K sf at Related's 55 Hudson Yards". The Real Deal. Archived from the original on June 29, 2018. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
  47. ↑ Baird-Remba, Rebecca (June 14, 2021). "Coinbase to Open Its First New York City Office at 55 Hudson Yards". Commercial Observer. Archived from the original on September 10, 2021. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  48. ↑ Geiger, Daniel (May 2, 2017). "Concrete construction on the rise citywide". Crain's New York Business. Archived from the original on May 3, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
  49. ↑ Dailey, Jessica (June 4, 2014). "55 Hudson Yards Designed As 'A Basic, Fundamental Sculpture'". Curbed NY. Archived from the original on January 8, 2016. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
  50. 1 2 Morris, Keiko (September 3, 2014). "Hudson Yards Signs Neiman Marcus". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on December 30, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
  51. ↑ Voien, Guelda (January 1, 2014). "Hudson Yards retail gets underway, with construction and marketing set to begin at Far West Side site this month". The Real Deal. Archived from the original on May 23, 2014. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
  52. ↑ Walker, Ameena (April 4, 2018). "Tracking the biggest buildings taking shape at Hudson Yards". Curbed NY. Archived from the original on June 15, 2018. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
  53. ↑ Dailey, Jessica (June 10, 2015). "Hudson Yards Construction Rolls On As Retail Center Rises". Curbed NY. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved June 20, 2015.
  54. ↑ "Hudson Yards retail gets underway with one of biggest steel orders in US history". Real Estate Weekly. June 10, 2015. Archived from the original on June 20, 2015. Retrieved June 20, 2015.
  55. 1 2 3 4 "Highly-Anticipated Hudson Yards Development Officially Opens To The Public – CBS New York". CBS New York. March 15, 2019. Archived from the original on April 2, 2019. Retrieved March 23, 2019.
  56. ↑ Fickenscher, Lisa (September 14, 2017). "Neiman Marcus is shrinking the store it's building in Manhattan". The New York Post. Archived from the original on June 29, 2018. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
  57. ↑ "HudsonYards | News and press :: Neiman Marcus Flagship to Anchor Hudson Yards". Hudsonyardsnewyork.com. Archived from the original on September 16, 2016. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
  58. ↑ Preston, Marguerite (May 4, 2015). "Thomas Keller to Open an American Restaurant in Hudson Yards Megaproject". New York Eater. Archived from the original on June 20, 2015. Retrieved June 20, 2015.
  59. ↑ "Hudson Yards Welcomes the Chefs". The New York Times. March 5, 2019. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2019.
  60. ↑ Thomas, Lauren (July 24, 2020). "Bankrupt Neiman Marcus to vacate the Hudson Yards mall in New York". CNBC. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
  61. 1 2 Dunlap, David W. (July 22, 2015). "A Garden Will Grow With Fans, Concrete, Coolant and 28,000 Plants". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 29, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
  62. ↑ Hughes, C.J. (June 8, 2018). "New Parks Sprout Around New York". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 9, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  63. ↑ Bockmann, Rich (September 14, 2016). "Stairway to Hudson: Related unveils $150M sculpture". The Real Deal New York. Archived from the original on May 3, 2019. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
  64. ↑ Loos, Ted (September 14, 2016). "A $150 Million Stairway to Nowhere on the Far West Side". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 28, 2019. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  65. ↑ Russell, James (July 30, 2015). "The Price of Thomas Heatherwick's Imagination". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 17, 2018. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  66. ↑ Grabar, Henry (March 19, 2019). "New Yorkers Are Right: Hudson Yards' Big Tourist Attraction Should Forever Be Called the Shawarma". Slate Magazine. Archived from the original on July 17, 2019. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  67. ↑ Shanahan, Ed; de Freytas-Tamura, Kimiko (January 12, 2021). "150-Foot Vessel Sculpture at Hudson Yards Closes After 3rd Suicide". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 3, 2021. Retrieved January 13, 2021.
  68. ↑ Stoilas, Helen (January 13, 2021). "Heatherwick's Vessel closed to the public after third suicide in less than a year". The Art Newspaper. Archived from the original on January 13, 2021. Retrieved January 13, 2021.
  69. ↑ Stoilas, Helen (May 27, 2021). "Thomas Heatherwick's Vessel to reopen in Hudson Yards—without higher barriers". The Art Newspaper. Archived from the original on July 11, 2021. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
  70. ↑ "Hudson Yards Vessel reopens with focus on suicide prevention". ABC7 New York. May 26, 2021. Archived from the original on May 26, 2021. Retrieved May 26, 2021.
  71. ↑ Wong, Ashley; Gold, Michael (July 29, 2021). "Fourth Suicide at the Vessel Leads to Calls for Higher Barriers". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 29, 2021. Retrieved July 29, 2021.
  72. ↑ "Hudson Yards testing safety netting at shuttered 'Vessel' after suicides". ABC7 New York. August 9, 2022. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
  73. ↑ Hughes, C. J. (March 17, 2017). "Hudson Yards, Meet Your New Neighbor, Manhattan West". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 27, 2018. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  74. ↑ Clark, Patrick (June 1, 2018). "Wall Street Firms Are Moving to the West Side. Here Come the Luxury Hotels". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on June 27, 2018. Retrieved June 27, 2018.
  75. ↑ Nelson, Andrew (June 18, 2018). "Tishman Speyer's BIG Supertall Spiral Officially Breaks Ground, Hudson Yards". New York YIMBY. Archived from the original on July 20, 2018. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  76. ↑ Warerkar, Tanay (November 3, 2017). "New looks at Moinian's Hudson Yards office tower, 3 Hudson Boulevard". Curbed. Archived from the original on July 20, 2018. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  77. ↑ Young, Michael (January 4, 2021). "New Renderings Reveal 'The Set' at 451 Tenth Avenue in Hudson Yards". New York YIMBY. Archived from the original on February 13, 2021. Retrieved February 5, 2021.
  78. ↑ Warerkar, Tanay (May 23, 2017). "Related's pricey Hudson Yards rental will debut this summer from $5,095". Curbed. Archived from the original on June 28, 2018. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
  79. ↑ Schulz, Dana (January 10, 2018). "Robert A.M. Stern will design fourth Hudson River-front residential tower for Related". 6sqft. Archived from the original on June 29, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  80. ↑ Hilburg, Jonathan (January 10, 2018). "A first look at Thomas Heatherwick's bulging High Line towers". The Architect’s Newspaper. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved February 4, 2021.
  81. ↑ Bockmann, Rich (September 19, 2018). "Related pays $96M for its piece of Hudson Yards development with Spitzer". The Real Deal. Archived from the original on September 19, 2018. Retrieved September 19, 2018.
  82. ↑ Wong, Natalie (October 29, 2021). "Hudson Yards Developer Snaps Up Three Sites from Spitzer's Firm". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved November 3, 2021.
  83. ↑ Chen, Jackson (September 8, 2021). "Douglaston Tops Out Manhattan Mixed-Income Project". MultiHousing News. Archived from the original on September 14, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2021.
  84. 1 2 Young, Michael (April 13, 2021). "606 West 30th Prepares to Go Vertical in Hudson Yards, Manhattan". New York YIMBY. Archived from the original on September 14, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2021.
  85. ↑ Manrodt, Alexis (February 10, 2020). "Eliot Spitzer And Related Companies Land Hudson Yards Financing". The Real Deal New York. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
  86. ↑ "Eliot Spitzer And Related Companies Land Hudson Yards Financing". The Real Deal New York. February 10, 2020. Archived from the original on April 20, 2020. Retrieved February 10, 2020.
  87. ↑ Grant, Peter (May 17, 2022). "New York Developer Targets Top Executives Working Remotely". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  88. ↑ Dilakian, Steven (May 18, 2022). "Related Launches Lodging for Top Executives". The Real Deal New York. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
  89. ↑ Young, Michael (May 24, 2022). "451 Tenth Avenue's Terracotta Façade Continues Progress in Hudson Yards, Manhattan". New York YIMBY. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
  90. ↑ Wong, Natalie (October 29, 2021). "Hudson Yards Developer Snaps Up Three Sites from Spitzer's Firm". Bloomberg. Retrieved September 18, 2022.
  91. ↑ Crowell, Paul (January 6, 1956). "'Palace' Plan Out; Bigger One Urged" (PDF). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 7, 2022. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  92. ↑ Tully, Shawn (September 4, 2014). "NYC's Hudson Yards project will be an entire city — on stilts". Fortune. Archived from the original on June 20, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  93. ↑ Gregor, Alison (November 4, 2007). "Zeckendorf: Revisiting the legacy of a master builder". The Real Deal. Archived from the original on July 18, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  94. ↑ Horne, George (April 26, 1963). "670-Million, 40-Year Waterfront Plan To Alter West Side Is Urged by Mayor; Convention Center, Docks and Housing Would Be Built". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 23, 2018. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
  95. 1 2 Sandomir, Richard (June 10, 2005). "A New Stadium (and No Debate)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 31, 2019. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
  96. ↑ Sandomir, Richard (April 5, 1996). "Study Recommends The Yankees Move To a West Side Site". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 31, 2019. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
  97. 1 2 Bagli, Charles V. (April 28, 1998). "Few Follow as Giuliani Leads Way on New Site for Yankees". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 31, 2019. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
  98. ↑ Brennan, Morgan (March 7, 2012). "Stephen Ross: The Billionaire Who Is Rebuilding New York". Forbes. Archived from the original on July 12, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
  99. ↑ V. Bagli, Charles V. (March 22, 2005). "Jets and Rivals Increase Bids for Railyards". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 29, 2018. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
  100. ↑ "City Set to Create West Side Development Unit". The New York Times. February 9, 2004. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 17, 2018. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  101. ↑ Bagli, Charles V. (June 22, 2004). "City Unveils Gigantic Plan To Transform Far West Side". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 17, 2018. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  102. ↑ Bagli, Charles V. (August 28, 2008). "Dreaming of Stadiums and Souvenirs". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 17, 2018. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  103. ↑ Purnick, Joyce (January 2, 2005). "What Rises in the West? Uncertainty". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 7, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2010.
  104. ↑ Bagli, Charles V. (January 11, 2005). "Mayor and Council Reach Deal on West Side Development". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 17, 2018. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  105. ↑ Hope, Bradley (November 19, 2007). "Proposals for Hudson Yards Reach High, Green". The New York Sun. Archived from the original on June 29, 2018. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
  106. 1 2 3 Moss, Mitchell L. (November 2011). "How New York City Won the Olympics" (PDF). Rudin Center for Transportation Policy and Management, Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service. New York University. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 26, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2015.
  107. ↑ Bagli, Charles V. (June 12, 2005). "No Stadium, No Problem: West Side Is Getting Hot". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 17, 2018. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  108. ↑ Bagli, Charles V. (April 19, 2005). "Transit and Labor Groups Sue M.T.A. Over Railyards". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 17, 2018. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  109. ↑ Bagli, Charles V. (June 7, 2005). "Olympic Bid Hurt as New York Fails in West Side Stadium Quest". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 14, 2015. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  110. ↑ Bagli, Charles V. (June 12, 2005). "No Stadium, No Problem: West Side Is Getting Hot". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 17, 2018. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  111. ↑ Bagli, Charles V. (November 27, 2011). "From Ashes of Olympic Bid, a Future Rises for the Far West Side". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 15, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  112. ↑ "Hudson Yards Infrastructure Corporation". Nyc.gov. Archived from the original on August 31, 2017. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
  113. ↑ "MTA Contract Presentation" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. October 10, 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 10, 2017. Retrieved August 30, 2018.
  114. ↑ "Top New York Projects" (PDF). New York Construction. June 2008. p. 27. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 8, 2011. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  115. ↑ "Mayor Bloomberg and Governor Spitzer Announce Start of Construction on #7 Subway Extension" (Press release). New York City Mayor's Office. December 3, 2007. Archived from the original on June 5, 2010. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  116. ↑ Fitzsimmons, Emma G. (September 10, 2015). "Subway Station for 7 Line Opens on Far West Side". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 14, 2015. Retrieved September 13, 2015.
  117. ↑ Tangel, Andrew (September 13, 2015). "New Subway Station Opens on NYC's Far West Side". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on December 16, 2021. Retrieved September 13, 2015.
  118. ↑ Bagli, Charles V. (September 27, 2006). "Pact Reached to Redevelop Far West Side". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 17, 2018. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  119. ↑ Brenzel, Kathryn (October 10, 2016). "Biggest Real Estate Projects NYC | 66 Hudson Boulevard". Therealdeal.com. Archived from the original on June 29, 2017. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
  120. ↑ Lisberg, Adam (November 19, 2007). "Plans For The Old West, Five major developers lay out visions for Hudson Yards". Daily News. New York.
  121. 1 2 3 4 5 Manhattan Community Board 4 (December 10, 2007). "Program Summary Development Proposals West Side Rail Yards" (PDF). City of New York. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 3, 2019. Retrieved June 30, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  122. ↑ Arak, Joey (November 19, 2007). "Yardsmania #1: Brookfield Properties Goes Splittsville". Curbed New York. Archived from the original on June 2, 2019. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
  123. 1 2 Ouroussoff, Nicolai (November 24, 2007). "In Plans for Railyards, a Mix of Towers and Parks". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 30, 2019. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
  124. ↑ Mckeough, Tim (December 5, 2007). "MTA Presents Plans for New York City". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on June 30, 2019. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
  125. 1 2 3 4 5 Manhattan Community Board 4 (December 10, 2007). "Public Forum- West Side Rail Yards Proposals" (PDF). City of New York. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 3, 2019. Retrieved June 30, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  126. 1 2 Higashide, Steven (December 4, 2007). "Hudson Yards Presentations Offer Plenty of Glitz, Plenty of Questions". Tri-State Transportation Campaign. Archived from the original on June 30, 2019. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
  127. 1 2 3 4 5 Huxtable, Ada Louise (January 2, 2008). "The Hudson Yards Proposals: Plenty of Glitz, Little Vision". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on June 30, 2019. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
  128. ↑ Koblin, John (October 8, 2007). "1999 Redux: Durst Wants to Spread Conde Nast Magic to Unlikely Spot Again". New York Observer. Archived from the original on June 30, 2019. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
  129. ↑ Schuerman, Matthew (November 16, 2007). "Extell Wants Super-Sized Tower". New York Observer. Archived from the original on June 30, 2019. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
  130. ↑ "Mayor Bloomberg, Governor Paterson, Mta Announce Selection Of Tishman Speyer To Develop West Side Rail Yards". City of New York. March 26, 2008. Archived from the original on June 30, 2019. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
  131. ↑ Bagli, Charles V. (November 19, 2007). "In Railyards, Seeing a Blank Canvas on the Hudson". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 30, 2019. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
  132. 1 2 Kates, Brian (March 27, 2008). "$1B Bid That Won West. Developer Nets Hudson Yards' Building Rights". New York Daily News. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  133. 1 2 Bagli, Charles V. (May 23, 2008). "M.T.A. Approves a New Deal to Build at West Side Yards". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 27, 2018. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  134. ↑ Appelbaum, Alec (June 2, 2008). "How Related won Hudson Yards bid". The Real Deal. Archived from the original on June 29, 2018. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
  135. ↑ Bagli, Charles V. (May 9, 2008). "Deal to Build at Railyards on West Side Collapses". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 22, 2016. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
  136. ↑ Kates, Brian (May 23, 2008). "MTA Seals 1B Deal, Gets Yards On Track". New York Daily News. Retrieved February 6, 2023.
  137. ↑ "MTA Finalizes Hudson Yards Deal". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. May 26, 2010. Archived from the original on October 5, 2013. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
  138. ↑ Samtani, Hiten (August 13, 2013). "Anatomy of a deal: Inside Related/Oxford's unusual financing of Hudson Yards". The Real Deal. Archived from the original on October 12, 2015. Retrieved March 19, 2014.
  139. ↑ Brown, Eliot (November 10, 2015). "Future of Immigrant Visa Program Has High-End Builders At Odds". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on November 10, 2015. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
  140. ↑ "Hudson Yards Set to Alter Skyline, Transform Neighborhood". Chelsea Now. February 6, 2013. Archived from the original on July 24, 2014. Retrieved June 2, 2014.
  141. ↑ Chung, Jen (January 15, 2013). "Photos: Brookfield Properties Breaks Ground On $4.5 Billion Far West Side Project". Gothamist. Archived from the original on April 5, 2015. Retrieved July 13, 2018.
  142. ↑ Bagli, Charles V. (April 10, 2013). "First Hudson Yards Tower Signs Three Major Tenants". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 13, 2018. Retrieved July 13, 2018.
  143. ↑ Levitt, David M. (October 15, 2013). "Related Hudson Yards Approved for $328 Million Tax Break". Bloombrg. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
  144. ↑ Levitt, David M. (October 17, 2013). "Related to Start Work on Hudson Yards Platform in January". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on June 27, 2018. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
  145. ↑ Levitt, David M. (March 19, 2014). "New York's Hudson Yards Starts Next Phase as Deck Begins". Bloomberg. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  146. 1 2 Taylor-Foster, James (March 22, 2014). "Construction Begins on the Vast Platform for New York's Hudson Yards". arch daily. Archived from the original on July 13, 2018. Retrieved July 13, 2018.
  147. 1 2 "Construction of Hudson Yards platform begins". Crain's New York Business. March 19, 2014. Archived from the original on July 13, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
  148. ↑ Kimmelman, Michael (September 19, 2014). "The Climax in a Tale of Green and Gritty". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 20, 2014. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
  149. ↑ "Opening Ceremony Celebrates Completion Of High Line Park". CBS New York. September 20, 2014. Archived from the original on September 20, 2014. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
  150. ↑ Geiger, Daniel (September 21, 2014). "High Line's high returns". Crain's New York. Archived from the original on March 28, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
  151. ↑ Fitzsimmons, Emma G. (September 12, 2015). "Subway Station to Open This Weekend, Bringing 7 Line to Far West Side". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 14, 2015. Retrieved September 13, 2015.
  152. ↑ Fitzsimmons, Emma G. (September 10, 2015). "Subway Station for 7 Line Opens on Far West Side". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 14, 2015. Retrieved September 13, 2015.
  153. ↑ Pogrebin, Robin (May 24, 2017). "Michael Bloomberg Gives $75 Million to Shed Arts Center". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 5, 2017. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
  154. ↑ Tully, Shawn (September 14, 2016). "This Monument Could Be Manhattan's Answer to the Eiffel Tower". Fortune. Archived from the original on July 14, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2016.
  155. ↑ "Construction To Begin On Hudson Yards 'Vessel'". CBS New York. April 18, 2017. Archived from the original on July 13, 2019. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
  156. ↑ Varinsky, Dana; Garfield, Leanna (April 18, 2017). "The biggest real estate development in American history will have a 15-story maze of stairwells". Business Insider. Archived from the original on December 26, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
  157. ↑ "MTA Opens Second Entrance at 34 St-Hudson Yards 7 Station". www.mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. September 1, 2018. Archived from the original on September 2, 2018. Retrieved September 2, 2018.
  158. ↑ "'The Spur' Now Completes Original Plans For The High Line". CBS New York. June 4, 2019. Archived from the original on June 5, 2019. Retrieved June 5, 2019.
  159. ↑ "Check out The Spur, the final section of the High Line, now completed". ABC7 New York. June 4, 2019. Archived from the original on June 5, 2019. Retrieved June 5, 2019.
  160. 1 2 Bagli, Charles V. (April 13, 2018). "With Pickets and Lawsuits, Unions and Developers Go to War". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 26, 2018. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  161. ↑ Sanchez, Carly (October 25, 2018). "#CountMeIn Movement Marks One Year". The Indypendent. Archived from the original on February 22, 2019. Retrieved February 22, 2019.
  162. ↑ DiMaggio, Dan (December 15, 2017). "NYC Building Trades Make a Stand at Biggest Project since Rockefeller Center". Labor Notes. Archived from the original on July 20, 2018. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  163. ↑ Brenzel, Kathryn (February 15, 2019). "After a year of fighting at Hudson Yards, Related and the unions are talking again". The Real Deal. Archived from the original on February 15, 2019. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  164. ↑ Chen, David W. (June 19, 2020). "How Will Hudson Yards Survive the Pandemic?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 30, 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
  165. ↑ Adams, Erika (March 30, 2020). "Sky-High Hudson Yards Restaurant Directed Staffers to Not Tell Diners of a Coronavirus Case in Building". Eater NY. Archived from the original on February 8, 2021. Retrieved February 4, 2021.
  166. 1 2 Barbanel, Josh; Fung, Esther (April 29, 2020). "Glittering Hudson Yards Is Dulled by Coronavirus Pandemic". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on February 8, 2021. Retrieved February 4, 2021.
  167. ↑ Chaffin, Joshua (May 26, 2020). "Can New York avoid a coronavirus exodus?". The Financial Times. Archived from the original on February 9, 2021. Retrieved February 4, 2021.
  168. ↑ Biswas, Soma; Fung, Esther (July 24, 2020). "Neiman Marcus Store Closures Include Location in New York's Hudson Yards". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on March 28, 2021. Retrieved February 5, 2021.
  169. 1 2 Haag, Matthew; Rubinstein, Dana (February 6, 2021). "How the Pandemic Left the $25 Billion Hudson Yards Eerily Deserted". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on September 5, 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
  170. ↑ Fung, Charles Passy and Esther (August 12, 2020). "Thomas Keller to Close Hudson Yards Restaurant in New York City". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on December 12, 2020. Retrieved February 4, 2021.
  171. ↑ Querelo, Nic (September 10, 2020). "'It's Really Sad': NYC's Hudson Yards Reopens, But Few Show Up". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on February 13, 2021. Retrieved February 5, 2021.
  172. ↑ Warren, Katie (September 2, 2020). "View from the top: A guide to NYC's best observation decks, from the Empire State Building to the Top of the Rock". Business Insider. Archived from the original on September 14, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
  173. ↑ Lastoe, Stacey; Urbany, Bryce; Gonzalez, Janelle (March 9, 2020). "Edge: Sky deck to reopen at Hudson Yards in New York City". CNN. Archived from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
  174. ↑ Wong, Natalie; Spezzati, Stefania (September 10, 2020). "Barclays Hudson Yards Interest Points to Future of Office Demand". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved February 4, 2021.
  175. ↑ Neubauer, Kelsey (September 11, 2020). "Barclays Is Reportedly Looking For 500K SF Of Office Space At Hudson Yards". Bisnow. Archived from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
  176. ↑ Massa, Annie (January 5, 2021). "BlackRock Bucks New York Departure Trend With Plans to Stay Put". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on September 10, 2021. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  177. ↑ Haag, Matthew; Rubinstein, Dana (February 6, 2021). "How the Pandemic Left the $25 Billion Hudson Yards Eerily Deserted". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 7, 2021. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  178. 1 2 Offenhartz, Jake (May 7, 2021). "At Developer's Urging, NYPD Cracks Down On Hudson Yards Street Vendors". Gothamist. Archived from the original on September 10, 2021. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  179. 1 2 3 Ricciulli, Valeria (March 23, 2021). "Hudson Yards Has Landscaped Out the Food Vendors". Curbed. Archived from the original on September 10, 2021. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  180. ↑ Nelson, Tim (February 22, 2018). "Frank Gehry, Santiago Calatrava, Robert A.M. Stern, and Heatherwick Studio Reported to Work on Phase Two of Hudson Yards". Architectural Digest. Archived from the original on June 28, 2018. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
  181. ↑ Parker, Ian (February 26, 2018). "Thomas Heatherwick, Architecture's Showman". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on June 28, 2018. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
  182. ↑ Schulz, Dana (January 10, 2018). "Robert A.M. Stern will design fourth Hudson River-front residential tower for Related". 6sqft. Archived from the original on June 29, 2018. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
  183. ↑ Warerkar, Tanay (January 10, 2018). "Related taps Thomas Heatherwick to design High Line-straddling condo". Curbed. Archived from the original on June 28, 2018. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
  184. ↑ Kazakina, Katya (September 14, 2016). "Related Unveils Design for Towering $150 Million 'Vessel' in Hudson Yards". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on June 29, 2018. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
  185. ↑ Barragan, Bianca (November 20, 2018). "Demolition underway for Gehry-designed Grand Avenue development". Curbed. Archived from the original on February 20, 2019. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
  186. ↑ Plitt, Amy (February 19, 2018). "Could Frank Gehry and Santiago Calatrava be designing Hudson Yards towers?". Curbed. Archived from the original on July 12, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
  187. 1 2 3 4 5 Volpe, Joseph (May 7, 2014). "New York's next big neighborhood is its smartest". Engadget. Archived from the original on May 8, 2014. Retrieved May 9, 2014.
  188. ↑ "NYC Council approves $500M bond issue to expand Hudson Yards". Bond Buyer. August 8, 2018. Archived from the original on January 3, 2019. Retrieved January 3, 2019.
  189. 1 2 Wong, Natalie (September 15, 2022). "Related Pursues Giant Casino Complex at Manhattan's Hudson Yards". Bloomberg. Retrieved September 15, 2022.
  190. ↑ Haag, Matthew; McGeehan, Patrick; Kudacki, Andres (August 29, 2022). "Penn Station Plan Makes a High-Stakes Bet on the Future of Office Work". The New York Times. Retrieved September 17, 2022.
  191. ↑ Rebong, Kevin (May 30, 2023). "Related's Surprise Addition to Casino Bid: Office Space". The Real Deal. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  192. ↑ Rogers, Jack (May 31, 2023). "Related Ups Ante for Hudson Yards Casino with $10B Bid". GlobeSt. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  193. ↑ Tremayne-Pengelly, Alexandra (October 5, 2022). "Developers and Billionaires Are Lining Up for the Chance to Operate a New York City Casino". Observer. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
  194. ↑ Chen, Stefanos (January 17, 2023). "All the Developers Who Want You to Want a New York Casino". The New York Times. Retrieved February 4, 2023.
  195. ↑ Rubinstein, Dana; Hong, Nicole; Haag, Matthew (September 15, 2022). "Related Companies and Wynn to Bid for New Casino in Midtown Manhattan". The New York Times. Retrieved September 16, 2022.
  196. ↑ Finnegan, William (March 6, 2023). "The Fight Over Penn Station and Madison Square Garden". The New Yorker. Retrieved June 1, 2023.
  197. ↑ "Mayor Bloomberg, MTA Officials, and local leaders take first ride on 7 Subway Train Extension". MTA.info. December 20, 2013. Archived from the original on June 17, 2014. Retrieved May 9, 2014. Hudson Yards is defined as the area bounded by Seventh and Eighth Avenues (East), West 28th/30th Streets (South), West 43rd Street (North) and Hudson River Park (West).
  198. ↑ "The Master Plan - 17 Million Square Foot Mixed Use Development | Hudson Yards". Hudsonyardsnewyork.com. Archived from the original on July 13, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2016.
  199. ↑ Leber, Jessica (July 29, 2014). "New York's New $20 Billion Neighborhood Of Skyscrapers Is Designed With Millennials In Mind". Fast Company. Archived from the original on July 29, 2014. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
  200. ↑ Adamczyk, Alicia (December 16, 2014). "Hudson Yards Takes Shape: New York's Newest Neighborhood Is Moving Full-Speed Ahead". Forbes. Archived from the original on December 17, 2014. Retrieved December 16, 2014.
  201. ↑ Mulholland, Sarah (June 4, 2015). "Related Hires Goldman's Galen for Hudson Yards Project". Bloomberg Business. Archived from the original on June 20, 2015. Retrieved June 20, 2015.
  202. ↑ Morehouse, Tim (August 21, 2014). "Time-Lapse Video of the Hudson Yards Real Estate Development After Two Years. Incredible". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on November 14, 2014. Retrieved August 21, 2014.
  203. ↑ "Hudson Yards Press Kit" (PDF). Hudson Yards New York. 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 7, 2022. Retrieved March 3, 2022.
  204. 1 2 Stockton, Nick (March 24, 2014). "A Plan to Build Skyscrapers That Barely Touch the Ground". Wired. Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved April 16, 2014.
  205. ↑ "10 Hudson Yards fact sheet" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
  206. ↑ Ionescu, Elian (April 8, 2014). "Manitowoc 18000 builds foundation for $20 billion Hudson Yards". Cranesy. Archived from the original on June 23, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  207. ↑ "Hudson Yards Set to Alter Skyline, Transform Neighborhood". Chelsea Now. February 6, 2013. Archived from the original on July 24, 2014. Retrieved June 2, 2014.
  208. ↑ Sichert, Bill (March 5, 2013). "Amtrak to construct 'tunnel box' for Hudson River rail project to cross Manhattan development". The Star-Ledger. Archived from the original on March 8, 2013. Retrieved March 9, 2013.
  209. ↑ Samtani, HIten (February 26, 2013). "Related, Amtrak to construct rail tunnel between Manhattan and NJ". The Real Deal. Archived from the original on March 5, 2013. Retrieved March 9, 2013.
  210. ↑ Cuozzo, Steve (February 26, 2013). "Fed money keeps rail tunnel alive". The New York Post. Archived from the original on March 1, 2013. Retrieved March 9, 2013.
  211. ↑ Martinez, Jose (September 23, 2013). "West Side Construction Project May Bring New Rail Tunnel Pathways To Hudson River". NY1. Archived from the original on October 26, 2016. Retrieved April 1, 2014.
  212. ↑ "Environmental Assessment for Construction of a Concrete Casing in the Hudson Yards, New York, New York". Federal Railroad Administration. March 2013. Archived from the original on December 2, 2013. Retrieved August 30, 2018.
  213. ↑ "Hudson Yards is the most expensive real-estate development in US history. Here's what it's like inside the $25 billion neighborhood". Business Insider Nederland. October 9, 2018. Archived from the original on April 7, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  214. ↑ Paybarah, Azi (March 18, 2019). "Hudson Yards: The Making of a $25 Billion Neighborhood". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 7, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  215. ↑ Hall, Miriam (March 13, 2019). "Hudson Yards Has Generated A Seismic Shift In NYC Real Estate". Bisnow. Archived from the original on May 31, 2020. Retrieved April 7, 2020.
  216. ↑ Marino, Vivian (June 16, 2011). "Stephen M. Ross". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 18, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  217. ↑ Tully, Shawn (August 29, 2013). "The man behind the largest real estate project in U.S. History". Fortune. Archived from the original on February 1, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  218. 1 2 Solomont, E.B. (August 24, 2016). "Inside the Hudson Yards financing playbook". The Real Deal. Archived from the original on July 12, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
  219. ↑ Burke, Mack (September 5, 2017). "Related Closes $4B Financing for 50 Hudson Yards". Commercial Observer. Archived from the original on July 12, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
  220. ↑ Grant, Peter (September 4, 2017). "Banks Close $1.5 Billion Loan for Flagship Tower at Hudson Yards". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on July 17, 2018. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  221. 1 2 3 4 5 Haag, Matthew (March 9, 2019). "Amazon's Tax Breaks and Incentives Were Big. Hudson Yards' Are Bigger". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 10, 2019. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  222. ↑ "Did Hudson Yards get a $6 billion tax break?". Crain's New York Business. March 14, 2019. Archived from the original on May 25, 2020. Retrieved March 15, 2019.
  223. ↑ Capps, Kriston (April 12, 2019). "The Worst Thing About Hudson Yards Isn't the Architecture". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on April 24, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
  224. ↑ Cuozzo, Steve (November 29, 2016). "Companies bolting East Midtown for the Hudson Yards district". New York Post. Archived from the original on July 21, 2018. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  225. ↑ Jacobs, Sarah (January 18, 2017). "A look inside The Boston Consulting Group's stunning New York office, which has an in-house cafe and workout rooms". Business Insider. Archived from the original on August 23, 2018. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
  226. ↑ "Sidewalk Labs Moving Up, to 10 Hudson Yards". chelseanow.com. February 4, 2016. Archived from the original on August 23, 2018. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
  227. ↑ Weiss, Lois (June 5, 2013). "TW is at Center of hot attention". New York Post. Archived from the original on June 15, 2018. Retrieved August 30, 2018.
  228. ↑ "Norway's biggest bank leaves MetLife for 30 Hudson Yards". The Real Deal New York. September 22, 2016. Archived from the original on August 23, 2018. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
  229. ↑ "Wells Fargo Buying Office Condo Space at 30 Hudson Yards". Commercial Observer. November 18, 2015. Archived from the original on August 23, 2018. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
  230. ↑ Hickman, Matt (October 24, 2022). "Foster + Partners' 50 Hudson Yards supertall office tower opens". The Architect’s Newspaper. Retrieved April 17, 2023.
  231. ↑ "Law Firm Boies, Schiller & Flexner Signs Lease at Hudson Yards". Commercial Observer. June 9, 2015. Archived from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
  232. ↑ Cuozzo, Steve (August 23, 2016). "Swanky Hudson Yards tower secures another major tenant". New York Post. Archived from the original on April 23, 2017. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
  233. ↑ Mazzara, Benjamin (December 12, 2016). "Pharmaceutical Firm Takes 85k SF At 55 Hudson Yards". Bisnow. Archived from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
  234. ↑ Patrice, Joe (July 31, 2017). "Another Biglaw Firm Moving To Hudson Yards". Above the Law. Archived from the original on March 7, 2022. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  235. ↑ Sederstrom, Jotham (May 31, 2011). "East Side Law Firms Go West, as Far as Eighth Ave". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on February 7, 2022. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  236. 1 2 Kelly, Jason (October 6, 2017). "Hudson Yards Wants to Be New York's New Money Hub". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on July 21, 2018. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  237. 1 2 La Guerre, Liam (June 14, 2017). "Private Equity Firm Completes 56K-SF Deal at Hudson Yards". Commercial Observer. Archived from the original on July 20, 2018. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  238. ↑ Shirayanagi, Kouichi (March 1, 2017). "Silver Lake In Talks To Follow KKR To 55 Hudson Yards". Bisnow. Archived from the original on July 20, 2018. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  239. ↑ Chaffin, Joshua (March 12, 2019). "New York's business elite decamps to millennial-friendly Hudson Yards". Financial Times. Archived from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
  240. ↑ Keil, Braden (December 6, 2005). "Related Cos. Lifts Equinox for $500m". New York Post. Archived from the original on July 20, 2018. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  241. ↑ Brenzel, Kathryn (June 22, 2018). "A "cocktail party of mastodons, pineapples and swizzlesticks": Hudson Yards architects talk about how projects interact". The Real Deal. Archived from the original on July 18, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  242. ↑ Davidson, Justin (December 5, 2014). "Who Wants a Supertall Skyline? The Emerging Aesthetic of the 1,000-Foot Tower". New York Magazine. Archived from the original on July 18, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  243. ↑ Davidson, Justin (September 30, 2021). "Manhattan West Is (a Little Bit) What Hudson Yards Should Have Been". Curbed. Archived from the original on October 3, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2021.
  244. ↑ Kimmelman, Michael (March 14, 2019). "Hudson Yards Is Manhattan's Biggest, Newest, Slickest Gated Community. Is This the Neighborhood New York Deserves?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on July 14, 2019. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
  245. ↑ Wainwright, Oliver (April 9, 2019). "Horror on the Hudson: New York's $25bn architectural fiasco". The Guardian. Archived from the original on April 9, 2019. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
  246. 1 2 3 4 5 Sutton, Ryan (September 19, 2018). "Hudson Yards Will Be the Worst Thing to Happen to NYC Dining in a Decade". Eater NY. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  247. ↑ Sietsema, Robert (May 10, 2019). "What to Order at José Andrés's Impressive New Hudson Yards Spanish Market Right Now". Eater NY. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  248. 1 2 Sutton, Ryan (May 29, 2019). "Hudson Yards Is a Mostly Terrible Place to Eat". Eater NY. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  249. ↑ Sutton, Ryan (May 29, 2019). "Thomas Keller's TAK Room Raises the Bar on Prices, but Not Quality". Eater NY. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  250. ↑ Wells, Pete (June 25, 2019). "Thomas Keller Brings Country Club Cuisine to the City". The New York Times. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  251. ↑ Warerkar, Tanay (August 12, 2020). "Thomas Keller's Extravagant Hudson Yards Restaurant TAK Room Has Closed". Eater NY. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  252. 1 2 Lewis, Samantha (August 22, 2022). "Review: Equinox Hotel, New York". Vanity Fair. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  253. ↑ Warerkar, Tanay (December 17, 2019). "Times Gives Equinox Hotel Restaurant One Star for 'Vibrant' Food in a Lame Space". Eater NY. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  254. ↑ Kimmelman, Michael; DeSantis, Alicia; Gröndahl, Mika; Parshina-Kottas, Yuliya; Patanjali, Karthik; Rhyne, Emily; Ruby, Matt; Taylor, Rumsey; Sedgwick, Josephine (March 14, 2019). "Hudson Yards Is Manhattan's Biggest, Newest, Slickest Gated Community. Is This the Neighborhood New York Deserves?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  255. 1 2 Read, Bridget (October 19, 2022). "13 Years, 3 Mayors, Countless Community Board Meetings, and Just One Building". Curbed. Retrieved October 20, 2022.
  256. ↑ Rebong, Kevin (October 19, 2021). "City's Bet on Hudson Yards Beginning to Pay Off". The Real Deal New York. Retrieved October 20, 2022.
  257. ↑ Hilburg, Jonathan (January 22, 2020). "Hudson Yards becomes a paranoid fever dream in Conner O'Malley's latest video". The Architect’s Newspaper. Archived from the original on September 22, 2020. Retrieved February 5, 2021.
  258. ↑ Anderson, Sam (February 6, 2020). "Hudson Yards Is Coming for Your Soul". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 25, 2020. Retrieved February 6, 2021.
  259. ↑ Dwyer, Jim (December 4, 2012). "Still Building at the Edges of the City, Even as Tides Rise". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 29, 2018. Retrieved June 28, 2018.
  260. ↑ Rice, Andrew (September 7, 2016). "This is New York in the not-so-distant future". New York Magazine. Archived from the original on July 18, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  261. ↑ Rothman, Joshua (April 27, 2017). "Kim Stanley Robinson's Latest Novel Imagines Life in an Underwater New York". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on July 18, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  262. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Clancy, Heather (June 11, 2014). "Hudson Yards: A connected neighborhood grows in Manhattan". GreenBiz. Archived from the original on June 13, 2014. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
  263. ↑ Clarke, Katherine (June 27, 2014). "Too Rich for Trash: Hudson Yards waste will exit by pneumatic tube". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on June 27, 2014. Retrieved June 27, 2014.

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.