Hugh Mackail | |
|---|---|
 Mackail's execution | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | various spellings: Hugh or Hew Mackail, McKail, M'Kail, M'Kell, McKel, MacKell, M'Kaill, Mackaile c1640 |
| Died | 1666 market-cross Edinburgh |
| Denomination | Church of Scotland |
Hugh Mackail (various spellings) (c. 1640–1666), Scottish martyr, was born about 1640 at Liberton, near Edinburgh. His father was Matthew Mackail who was minister at Bothwell before being deprived of his ministry by the government in 1662.[1] At an early age he went to reside with an uncle, Hugh Mackail, one of the ministers of Edinburgh.[2] He entered the University of Edinburgh, studying divinity, where he distinguished himself, graduating, as the records show, in 1658 under Thomas Crawford.[3] Shortly afterward he became chaplain and tutor in the family of Sir James Stuart of Coltness and Goodtrees, then Lord Provost of Edinburgh. In 1661, being then in his twenty-first year, he was licensed by the Presbytery of Edinburgh and afterward preached several times with much success. A sermon which he delivered in the High Church, Edinburgh, in September 1662, in which he declared that "the church of Scotland had been persecuted by an Ahab on the throne, a Haman in the state, and a Judas in the church," gave such offence that a party of horse was sent to apprehend him. He escaped, however, and, after lying concealed in his father's house in Bothwell for some time, retired into Holland, where he improved his time by studying for several years perhaps near Rotterdam.[3] Then, returning to Scotland, he lived chiefly at his father's house, until in November 1666 he joined a rising of the covenanters. After nine days' marching, however, his weak health obliged him to leave the insurgents, and on his way back to Liberton he was arrested, carried to Edinburgh, and committed to the Tolbooth.[4] He was several times brought before the council and tortured with the boot. Finally, after trial, despite the efforts of his cousin, Matthew Mackail, an apothecary,[5] who interceded with James Sharp, archbishop of St. Andrews, on his behalf, Hugh was hanged at the market-cross of Edinburgh on 22 December 1666, amid "such a lamentation," says Kirkton, "as was never known in Scotland before, not one dry cheek upon all the street, or in all the numberless windows in the market-place."[6] According to MS. Jac. V. 7. 22, in the Advocates' Library, "immediately after the execution of the aforementioned four men there came a letter from the king, discharging the executing of more; but the Bishop of St. Andrews kept it up till Mr. Hew was executed," Mackail behaved with great fortitude on the scaffold, addressing the crowd with singular impressiveness.[7][8] He was buried in Greyfriars churchyard. Wodrow describes him as "universally beloved, singularly pious, and of very considerable learning."[9]
Early life
Hugh Mackail, a martyr of the covenant, was born about 1640. He studied, with a view to the church, at the University of Edinburgh, under the care of his uncle, one of the ministers of that city, and was afterwards, for some time, chaplain to Sir James Stuart of Coltness, then lord provost of Edinburgh. Around 1649 he is thought to have converted the young teacher Katherine Collace.[10] In 1661, he was licensed to preach, being then in his twenty-first year. On the 1 September 1662, when 400 presbyterian ministers were about to be driven from their charges for non-compliance with episcopacy, he delivered a discourse in the High Church of Edinburgh, from the Song of Solomon, i. 7, in which, speaking of the many persecutions to which the cause of religion had been subjected in all ages, he said that "the church and people of God had been persecuted both by an Ahab on the throne, a Haman in the state, and a Judas in the church." In those troublous days, such an illustration was sure to find an application, whether the preacher meant it or not, parallel to the times. Accordingly, the Ahab on the throne was considered to be Charles II, and Middleton and Archbishop Sharp took the Haman and Judas to themselves. A few days thereafter a party of horse was sent to apprehend him, but he escaped, and went to his father's house in the parish of Liberton. Soon after, he took refuge in Holland, where he remained four years, during which time he studied.[11]
Return to Scotland, arrest and torture
In 1666 he returned to Scotland, and immediately joined the band of covenanters who rose in arms in the west, previous to the defeat at Rullion Green, and continued with them from the 18 to the 27 of November, when not being able to endure the fatigue of constant marching, he left them near Cramond Water. He was on his way to Liberton, when he was taken by an officer of dragoons, and some countrymen, as he passed through a place called Braid's Craigs. He had then a sword or rapier, which of itself was a circumstance of suspicion against him. He was conveyed to Edinburgh and searched for letters, but none being found, he was committed to the tolbooth. Next day, he was brought before the privy council for examination, and on the 4 December he was subjected to the torture of the boot,[12] with the object of extracting information from him relative to a conspiracy, which the government affected to believe extensively existed ; but he declared that he knew of none, and had nothing to confess. The strokes were repeated ten or eleven times, when he swooned away, and was carried back to prison. The torture and the prison conditions brought on a fever, and as he was ordered to prepare for trial, for having joined in the insurrection, although he had left the party the day previous to the battle of Pentland, he petitioned the council for a delay of a few days, when it was remitted to two physicians and two surgeons to inquire into his case. His cousin, Mr. Matthew M'Kail, an apothecary in Edinburgh, afterwards a doctor of medicine, applied to Archbishop Sharp, to interpose in his behalf, but the prelate only desired him to assure the prisoner that he would befriend him, if he would reveal the mystery of the plot against the government, and as he was not able to do so, he was put to the torture. Still the cousin was determined to persevere in his efforts to save his unfortunate relative, and even followed the archbishop to St. Andrews. A note to M'Crie's edition of Veitch's Life gives the details.[7][11]
Trial
Next day, being 18 December, the prisoner was brought before the court of justiciary, with three others. When placed at the bar, Mackail addressed the court, and "spoke of the ties and engagements that were upon the land to God ; and having commended the institution, dignity, and blessing of presbyterian government, he said that the last words of the national covenant had always great weight on his spirit. Whereupon the king's advocate interrupted him, and desired, he would forbear that discourse, since he was not called in question for his persuasion, but for the crime of rebellion." As a matter of course he was found guilty of high treason, and condemned to be hanged at the market cross of Edinburgh on 22 December, four days later.[11]
Hanging
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Previous to being hanged, he addressed the spectators at some length, imputing the persecution of the church to the prelates, and declaring his readiness to die for the cause of God, the covenants, and the work of reformation, which had been the glory of Scotland. Hugh Mackail, was only twenty-six years old at the time of his death.[11] He was prepared for burial at the Magdalen Chapel and was buried in Greyfriars Kirkyard "near the east dyke, a little above the stair, near the entry".[13]
Ephraim Macbriar
Sir Walter Scott's character Ephraim Macbriar in Old Mortality is supposed to be a distorted picture of Hugh Mackail.[14][15]
Bibliography
References
- Citations
- ↑ Scott 1920.
- ↑ Scott 1915, pp 126-127.
- 1 2 Callow.
- ↑ Lee 1860b, p333.
- ↑ Anderson 1851.
- ↑ Kirkton 1817, p249.
- 1 2 3 Veitch, Brysson & M'Crie 1825, pp 35-35.
- ↑ Wodrow 1830, p38.
- ↑ Hamilton 1893.
- ↑ "Ross [née Collace], Katherine (c. 1635–1697), memoirist and schoolmistress". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/45821. Retrieved 25 March 2021. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- 1 2 3 4 5 Anderson 1877.
- ↑ Green 1864.
- ↑ Veitch, Brysson & M'Crie 1825, p37 fn.
- ↑ Smellie 1903.
- ↑ M'Crie 1857, footnote pg 30.
- ↑ Howie 1870.
- Other sources
- Anderson, James (1851). The ladies of the Covenant. Memoirs of distinguished Scottish female characters, embracing the period of the Covenant and the persecution. New York: Redfield. p. 143.
- Anderson, William (1877). "M'Kail, Hugh". The Scottish nation: or, The surnames, families, literature, honours, and biographical history of the people of Scotland. Vol. 3. A. Fullarton & co. pp. 2-5.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Binning, Hugh (1839a). Cochrane, James (ed.). The works of the Rev. Hugh Binning. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: W. Whyte.
- Blackadder, John (1826). Crichton, Andrew (ed.). Memoirs of Rev. John Blackader : compiled chiefly from unpublished manuscripts and memoirs of his life and ministry written by himself while prisoner on the Bass : and containing illustrations of the Episcopal persecution from the restoration to the death of Charles II : with an appendix giving a short account of the history and siege of the Bass & / by Andrew Crichton (2 ed.). Edinburgh: Printed for A. Constable & Company. p. 127. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Blair, Robert (1848). M'Crie, Thomas (ed.). The life of Mr. Robert Blair, minister of St. Andrews, containing his autobiography, from 1593–1636 : with supplement of his life and continuation of the history of the times, to 1680. Edinburgh: Wodrow Society. p. 503-506.
- Brown, James (1867). The epitaphs and monumental inscriptions in Greyfriars Churchyard, Edinburgh. Collected by James Brown ... with an introd. and notes. Edinburgh: J. M. Miller. p. l.
- Brown, John; Mackail, Hugh (1828). M'Gavin, William (ed.). Memoirs of John Brown of Priesthill and the Rev. Hugh Mackail. Glasgow: Andrew Young.
- Callow, John. "MacKail [MacKaile], Hugh". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/17544. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Erskine, Caroline. "Participants in the Pentland rising". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/98249.
- Fairly, Marion (1846). Memoirs of Mrs. William Veitch, Mr. Thomas Hog of Kiltearn, Mr. Henry Erskine and Mr. John Carstairs. Edinburgh: Printed for the Assembly's Committee.
- Green, Mary Anne Everett, ed. (1864). Calendar of State Papers Domestic Series of the Reign of Charles 2. Preserved in Her Majestyʼs Public Record Office. London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts and Green. pp. 319ff.
- Hamilton, Thomas (1893). . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 35. London: Smith, Elder & Co. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Howie, John (1870). "Hugh M'Kail". In Carslaw, W. H. (ed.). The Scots worthies. Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson, & Ferrier. pp. 354–364. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Johnston, John C. (1887). Treasury of the Scottish covenant. Andrew Elliot. p. 331.
- Kirkton, James (1817). The secret and true history of the church of Scotland from the Restoration to the year 1678. Edinburgh: J. Ballantyne. p. 249-252,227-228.
- Lee, John (1860a). Lectures on the history of the Church of Scotland : from the Reformation to the Revolution Settlement. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
- Lee, John (1860b). Lectures on the history of the Church of Scotland : from the Reformation to the Revolution Settlement. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
- M'Crie, Thomas (1857). M'Crie, Thomas (ed.). Works of Thomas M'Crie, D.D. Volume 4: review of "Tales of my Landlord". Vol. 4. Edinburgh: William Blackwood & sons. pp. 5-128.
- M'Crie, Thomas (1846). Sketches of Scottish church history : embracing the period from the Reformation to the Revolution. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: J. Johnstone. pp. 118-122.
- Scott, Hew (1915). Fasti ecclesiae scoticanae; the succession of ministers in the Church of Scotland from the reformation. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Scott, Hew (1920). Fasti ecclesiae scoticanae; the succession of ministers in the Church of Scotland from the reformation. Vol. 3. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd. pp. 230-231. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Smellie, Alexander (1903). "Ephriam Macbriar or Sir Galahad?". Men of the Covenant : the story of the Scottish church in the years of the Persecution (2 ed.). New York: Fleming H. Revell Co. pp. 140-150.
- Steven, William (1832). The history of the Scottish church, Rotterdam. Edinburgh: Waugh & Innes, etc. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
- Thomson, John Henderson (1871). "A List of the Banished". A cloud of witnesses, for the royal prerogatives of Jesus Christ : being the last speeches and testimonies of those who have suffered for the truth in Scotland, since the year 1680. Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson, & Ferrier. p. xxx.
- Veitch, William; Brysson, George; M'Crie, Thomas (1825). Memoirs of Mr. William Veitch, and George Brysson. Edinburgh; London: W. Blackwood; T. Cadell.
- Whyte, Alexander (1913). "Samuel Rutherford". Thirteen appreciations. Edinburgh: Oliphant, Anderson, and Ferrier. pp. 113-127.
- Wodrow, Robert (1835). Burns, Robert (ed.). The history of the sufferings of the church of Scotland from the restoration to the revolution, with an original memoir of the author, extracts from his correspondence, and preliminary dissertation. Vol. 1. Glasgow: Blackie, Fullarton & co., and Edinburgh: A. Fullarton & co. pp. 304.
- Wodrow, Robert (1830). Burns, Robert (ed.). The history of the sufferings of the church of Scotland from the restoration to the revolution, with an original memoir of the author, extracts from his correspondence, and preliminary dissertation. Vol. 2. Glasgow: Blackie, Fullarton & co., and Edinburgh: A. Fullarton & co. pp. 38, 52–53, 58–59.
- Wodrow, Robert (1829). Burns, Robert (ed.). The history of the sufferings of the church of Scotland from the restoration to the revolution, with an original memoir of the author, extracts from his correspondence, and preliminary dissertation and notes, in four volumes. Vol. 3. Glasgow: Blackie Fullerton & Co.
- Wodrow, Robert (1835). Burns, Robert (ed.). The history of the sufferings of the church of Scotland from the restoration to the revolution, with an original memoir of the author, extracts from his correspondence, and preliminary dissertation and notes, in four volumes. Vol. 4. Glasgow: Blackie Fullerton & Co. pp. 244.
- Wodrow, Robert (1842). Leishman, Matthew (ed.). Analecta: or, Materials for a history of remarkable providences; mostly relating to Scotch ministers and Christians. Vol. 1. Glasgow: Maitland Club. p. 373.
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- Attribution
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Hamilton, Thomas (1893). "Mackail, Hugh". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 35. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
