Rājasthānī
राजस्थानी
રાજસ્થાની
EthnicityRajasthanis
Geographic
distribution		Rajasthan, Malwa (MP)
Native speakers
16 million (2011 census)[1]
Linguistic classificationIndo-European
Early form
ISO 639-2 / 5raj
ISO 639-3raj
Glottolograja1256

Rajasthani languages are a group of Indo-Aryan languages and dialects spoken primarily in the state of Rajasthan and adjacent areas of Haryana, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh in India. There are also speakers in the Pakistani provinces of Punjab and Sindh. Rajasthani is also spoken to a lesser extent in Nepal where it is spoken by 25,394 people according to the 2011 Census of Nepal.[3]

The term Rajasthani is also used to refer to a literary language mostly based on Marwari.[4]: 441 

Geographical distribution

Most of the Rajasthani languages are chiefly spoken in the state of Rajasthan but are also spoken in Gujarat, Haryana and Punjab. Rajasthani languages are also spoken in the Bahawalpur and Multan sectors of the Pakistani provinces of Punjab and Tharparkar district of Sindh. It merges with Riasti and Saraiki in Bahawalpur and Multan areas, respectively. Many linguists (Shackle, 1976 and Gusain, 2000) agree that it shares many phonological (implosives), morphological (future tense marker and negation) and syntactic features with Riasti and Saraiki. A distribution of the geographical area can be found in 'Linguistic Survey of India' by George A. Grierson.

Rajasthani language speakers in India.

Speakers

Standard Rajasthani or Standard Marwari, a version of Rajasthani, the common lingua franca of Rajasthani people and is spoken by over 25 million people (2011) in different parts of Rajasthan.[5] It has to be taken into consideration, however, that some speakers of Standard Marwari are conflated with Hindi speakers in the census. Marwari, the most spoken Rajasthani language with approximately 8 million speakers[5] situated in the historic Marwar region of western Rajasthan. Total number of people speaking Rajasthani or it's various sub languages and dialects and verities are around 60 Million which are mainly living in Rajasthan and it's neighbouring states.

Classification

The Rajasthani languages belong to the Western Indo-Aryan language family. However, they are controversially conflated with the Hindi languages of the Central-Zone in the Indian national census, among other places. The main Rajasthani subgroups are:[6]

Geographical distribution of Rajasthani languages

Languages and dialects

Language[10] ISO 639-3 Scripts No. of speakers[11] Geographical distribution
RajasthanirajDevanagari; previously Mandya;

Mahajani

 25,810,000[12]Western and Northern part of Rajasthan
Marwari mwr Devanagari 7,832,000 Marwar region of Western Rajasthan
Malvi mup Devanagari 5,213,000 Malva region of Madhya Pradesh radesh and Rajasthan
Mewari mtr Devanagari 4,212,000 Mewar region of Rajasthan
Wagdi wbr Devanagari 3,394,000 Dungarpur and Banswara districts of Southern Rajasthan
Lambadi lmn 3,277,000 Banjaras of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh
Hadauti hoj Devanagari 2,944,000 Hadoti region of southeastern Rajasthan
Nimadi noe Devanagari 2,309,000 Nimar region of west-central India within the state of Madhya Pradesh
Bagri bgq Devanagari, Gurmukhi 1,657,000 Nohar-Bhadra,Anupgarh, Hanumagarh , Northern tehsils of Bikaner and Sri Ganganagar district of Rajasthan , Sirsa and Fatehabad district Hisar,Bhiwani,Charkhi dadridistrict of Haryana, Fazilka district of Punjab
Ahirani ahr Devanagari 1,636,000 Khandesh region of north-west Maharashtra and also in Gujarat
Dhundhari dhd Devanagari 1,476,000 Dhundhar region of northeastern Rajasthan Jaipur, Sawai Madhopur, Dausa, Tonk and some parts of Sikar and karauli district
Gujari gju Takri, Pasto-Arabic, Devanagari 1,228,000 Northern parts of India and Pakistan as well as in Afghanistan
Dhatki mki Devanagri, Mahajani, Arabic 210,000 Pakistan and India (Jaisalmer and Barmer districts of Rajasthan and Tharparkar and Umerkot districts of Sindh)
Shekhawati swv Devanagari 3,000,000 the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan which comprises the Churu, Jhunjhunu , Neem-Ka-Thana and Sikar districts.
Godwari gdx Devanagari, Gujarati 3,000,000 Pali and Sirohi districts of Rajasthan and Banaskantha district of Gujarat
Sahariya Devanagari

See also

References

  1. ↑ Rājasthānī at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023) Closed access icon
    Bagri at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023) Closed access icon
    Gade Lohar at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023) Closed access icon
    Gujari at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023) Closed access icon
    Dhatki at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023) Closed access icon
    Malvi at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023) Closed access icon
    Wagdi at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023) Closed access icon
    (Additional references under 'Language codes' in the information box)
  2. ↑ Ernst Kausen, 2006. Die Klassifikation der indogermanischen Sprachen (Microsoft Word, 133 KB)
  3. ↑ Central Bureau of Statistics (2014). Population monograph of Nepal (PDF) (Report). Vol. II. Government of Nepal.
  4. ↑ Masica, Colin (1991), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2.
  5. 1 2 3 2011 Census data censusindia.gov.in
  6. ↑ "Ethnologue.com: Ethnologue report for Rajasthani". Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  7. ↑ "Pakistan & Afghanistan - Carte linguistique / Linguistic map".
  8. ↑ Gold, Ann Grodzins. A Carnival of Parting: The Tales of King Bharthari and King Gopi Chand as Sung and Told by Madhu Natisar Nath of Ghatiyali, Rajasthan. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1992 1992. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft3g500573/
  9. ↑ "pg no 293,296".
  10. ↑ "Browse by Language Family". Ethnologue. Archived from the original on 4 January 2012. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
  11. ↑
  12. ↑ "Angika". Archived from the original on 24 March 2016. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
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