Jan de Bakker
Gevangenpoort in The Hague where Jan de Bakker was incarcerated prior to his execution in 1525[1]
Statue of Johan de Witt at De Plaats in The Hague. His two fingers point at the place where he was lynched in 1672. This is also the place where Jan de Bakker was executed in 1525.

Jan Jansz de Bakker van Woerden (Latin name: Johannes Pistorius Woerdensis; 1499 – 15 September 1525) was a Roman Catholic priest who was the first priest in the Northern Netherlands to be put to death as a direct result of his beliefs.[2]

Biography

Jan de Bakker's father was a sexton in Woerden and also tenant of the brickworks, and his surname may have been derived from that profession.[3] Bakker was a pupil of Johannes Rhodius (Hinne Rode), headmaster of St. Jerome School of the Brethren of the Common Life in Utrecht, who was a proponent of Sacramentarianism.[4] The Dutch Sacramentarians rejected the sacraments of the Catholic Church and denied that the host consecrated at Mass was the real body and blood of Jesus Christ.[5] They called indulgences and pilgrimages mere idolatry and were critical of the low moral standards and conduct of the clergy. In 1520 De Bakker's father called him back to Woerden, concerned that some of his views were contrary to the Church's doctrine and could get him in trouble with the authorities. De Bakker transferred to the Catholic University in Leuven and in 1522 completed his education there.

De Bakker returned to Woerden, was ordained in Utrecht as a priest, and assisted his father as sexton and deacon. De Bakker started to spread his views, some of which are considered heretical by the Church, and in May 1523 he and another priest were arrested by the steward of the castle. After a short while they were released, and it is thought that the two travelled to Wittenberg, but there is no evidence he met with Martin Luther. After he returned he continued his preaching and aggravated his conflict with the Roman Catholic Church by breaking his vow of celibacy and getting married.

In the night of May 9, 1525, De Bakker was arrested and the next day transferred to The Hague, where was tried by the Inquisition. Refusing to recant, he was defrocked and sentenced to death, and on September 15, 1525 burned at the stake in The Hague. His last words were a quotation of 1 Corinthians 15:55: "O death, where is thy victory? O death, where is thy sting?"[6]

His widow saved her life by recanting views similar to her husband's and lived out her life in an abbey.

See also

References

  1. ↑ (in Dutch) Famous prisoners - Museum de Gevangenpoort (archive)
  2. ↑ Merle d'Aubigné, Jean-Henri (1999). The History of the Reformation in Europe in the Time of Calvin. 4. Vol. Book XIII, chapter 10 Toothing-stones. Hartland Publications. ISBN 0-923309-67-5. {{cite book}}: External link in |volume= (help)
  3. ↑ Plomp, Nico (1972). "Woerden 600 jaar stad". Hollandse Studiën. Woerden: Stichting Stichts-Hollandse Bijdragen: 100–103. ISSN 0929-9718.
  4. ↑ Fontaine, Piet F.M. (2006). "The Light and the Dark A cultural history of dualism". XXIII. Postlutheran Reformation Chapter I - part 1 Radical Reformation - Dutch Sacramentists. Utrecht: Gopher Publishers. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); External link in |volume= (help)
  5. ↑ van der Zijpp, Nanne (1959). "Sacramentists". Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 2007-04-08.
  6. ↑ Last and Near-Last Words of the Famous, Infamous and Those In-Between By Joseph W. Lewis Jr. M.D.
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