Jawhar Namiq Salim Ismail Darwish Murad Khan (Kurdish: جەوهەر نامیق سالم‎);commonly known as Saleme Sorani, (July 1, 1946 – March 22, 2011), was a political leader and first president of the Kurdistan Parliament .^[1] Growing up in a politically engaged family, he developed a strong sense of political awareness from an early age. Throughout his life, he remained dedicated to advocating for Kurdish rights, actively participating in parliamentary debates, leading resistance movements, and authoring publications that shed light on the Kurdish struggle.

Jawhar Namiq's unwavering commitment, influential leadership, and intellectual contributions left an enduring impact on the Kurdish rights movement. His legacy continues to inspire future generations in their quest for justice, freedom, and self-determination for the Kurdish people.

Early life

Jawhar Namiq Salim was born in 1946 in the village of Barlut, situated near the town of Kalar in the Kurdistan region. His father, Namiq Salim Jaf, held a prominent position as a founding member of the Hiwa (Hope) Kurdish party in the Germian area during the 1940s. This familial connection to Kurdish politics significantly influenced Jawhar's upbringing and fostered a deep sense of political awareness from an early age.

During the 1960s, Jawhar demonstrated a strong commitment to advocating for Kurdish rights by actively engaging in various Kurdish student movements. He joined the Kurdistan Students Union, an influential platform that provided him with opportunities to contribute to the struggle for Kurdish self-determination. Jawhar's dedication and exceptional leadership abilities quickly propelled him to the position of head of the "Belisa" (Torch) students' organization. This well-organized and highly active section of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) in Baghdad became a testament to Jawhar's influential role within the Kurdish political landscape. It is noteworthy that many of today's influential KDP leaders were once members of "Belisa," underscoring its historical significance.

Driven by a thirst for knowledge and intellectual growth, Jawhar pursued higher education to further equip himself for his future endeavors. He successfully earned a BA Honours degree in Economics & Politics from Al-Mustansiriya University - Baghdad. This educational background not only provided him with a strong foundation in economic and political theory but also sharpened his analytical skills, which would prove invaluable in his political career.

Throughout his life, Jawhar Namiq remained an unwavering advocate for equal rights for the Kurdish people. His commitment extended across a broad spectrum of issues, ranging from championing freedom of expression to tirelessly striving for self-governance in all four parts of Kurdistan. This cause became central to his leadership during the resistance period, where he played a pivotal role in organizing and mobilizing Kurdish forces. Jawhar's strategic vision and dedication to the Kurdish struggle were instrumental in shaping the resistance movement against oppression.

Jawhar's contributions extended beyond his activism. He actively participated in parliamentary debates as the first president of Kurdistan Parliament, using his eloquence and persuasive arguments to advance Kurdish autonomy and self-determination. Additionally, he authored numerous publications and books that shed light on the Kurdish struggle, emphasizing the legitimate aspirations of the Kurdish people. These writings not only provided insightful analysis but also served as a source of inspiration for those who shared his vision for a free and independent Kurdistan

1970s: Resistance Period

Jawhar Namiq Salim played a significant role within the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP). In 1972, he joined the resistance of the September revolution and became involved in key positions within the party. He served as the deputy director of the KDP headquarters administration and worked as a lecturer at the KDP's "school of Kaders," where he imparted knowledge and skills to party members. He also undertook many studies of Kurdistan's economy, including the petroleum industry. In 1974 he became a prominent leader of the Kirkuk region, and since then, has become the confidant of the Kurdish leader Mustafa Barzani.^[2]

With the collapse of the Kurdish resistance and the KDP's decision to abandon armed resistance, Jawhar could not accept the end of the struggle for Kurdish rights. Recognizing the need for a new approach, he took it upon himself to plan and lay the groundwork for a new revolution, aiming to reignite the fight for Kurdish autonomy and rights. Early on, he consulted with a few of his trusted friends, as well as Kurdish leader Mustafa Barzani and his sons Masoud Barzani and Idris Barzani, to discuss the strategies for the new revolution.

In the middle of November 1975, a clandestine meeting took place in Karaj where a decision was made to form an interim leadership for the party. The Central Committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party had growing concerns about the consequences of the failed Kurdish revolution, particularly the plight faced by the Kurdish people following their forced displacement from the country. Additionally, the internal organizations of the KDP had been severely disrupted to the point of near dissolution. This prompted the establishment of an interim leadership to address these pressing issues.^[3]

Through collective decision-making, Jawhar was selected as the leader of Region 1 (Badinan), which oversaw operations throughout the northern part of southern Kurdistan. In this role, he utilized the opportunity to educate people on the importance of equal rights for all and deepen connections with the Kurds in northern Kurdistan. Jawhar's just and peaceful leadership style earned him the nickname "Saleme Sorani" (the peaceful Sorani) among the Peshmerga forces and the local population. Jawhar's unwavering determination and strategic vision played a pivotal role in revitalizing the KDP and ensuring its survival as a leading political party in Kurdistan. His contributions were instrumental in reinvigorating the party's agenda, which continued to advocate for Kurdish rights and aspirations. Under Jawhar's leadership and guidance, the KDP embarked on a renewed path, emphasizing political mobilization, diplomacy to achieve Kurdish objectives.

Jawhar's pivotal role became evident when he penned the first statement heralding the upcoming 26 May (Gulan) revolution. It was under his command that the initial clashes with Saddam Hussein's army occurred in Zino near Haji Omeran, marking a bold and defiant stand against oppression. During this period, he assumed the responsibility of interim leader of the KDP, stepping in for the ailing leader, Massoud Barzani. He became a polite bureau member until the 8th congress in 1979, when he declined to nominate himself for the new leadership despite heavy pressure to do so. He supported the outcome of the congress and its leadership and stayed close to the leadership, especially the then president Massoud Barzani.

1980-1989: Activism and Advocacy Abroad

After 1980, Jawhar Namiq found himself in Stockholm, Sweden. Despite the distance from his homeland, he never wavered in his commitment to the Kurdish cause. As an independent member of the KDP, he continued to champion the rights and aspirations of his people.

In his newfound home, Jawhar actively engaged in educating and inspiring the younger generation of Kurds about the Kurdish struggle. Recognizing the importance of nurturing future leaders, he dedicated himself to imparting knowledge, wisdom, and a deep sense of cultural identity to the youth. Through his tireless efforts, he played a pivotal role in shaping the minds of those who would later become the current leaders of the KRG.

Jawhar's passion for dialogue and diplomacy led him to frequent the Swedish Parliament, where he immersed himself in the intricacies of parliamentary proceedings and the art of effective communication. He recognized that in order to bring about meaningful change and garner international support for the Kurdish cause, it was crucial to master the skills of diplomacy and engage in constructive dialogue.

In the hallowed halls of the Swedish Parliament, Jawhar honed his abilities to articulate the plight of the Kurdish people, advocating for their rights and the realization of their aspirations. His presence and engagement served as a reminder to the international community of the ongoing struggles faced by the Kurds, fostering a greater understanding and empathy among Swedish lawmakers.

Jawhar's experiences in exile not only strengthened his resolve but also provided him with invaluable insights into the workings of democratic institutions. His interactions with Swedish parliamentarians and his immersion in the democratic processes of Sweden further fueled his commitment to establishing a just and democratic Kurdistan.

It is through his years in abroad that Jawhar Namiq's indomitable spirit and unwavering dedication to the Kurdish cause shone brightly. His tireless efforts to educate the younger generation, his presence in the Swedish Parliament, and his mastery of diplomacy all exemplified his deep-rooted belief in the power of dialogue and peaceful means to effect change. Despite being physically distant from his homeland, Jawhar's heart and soul remained steadfastly connected to the struggle for Kurdish rights and self-determination.

1989 - 2003: Parliament and Federalism

In 1989, Jawhar Namiq's contributions and leadership within the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) were recognized when President Massoud Barzani invited him to the 10th congress of the party. He was elected to the central committee and later became a member of the politburo, assuming the role of General secretary of the KDP politburo.

During the uprising of 1991, Jawhar Namiq emerged as a prominent figure as the leader of the Kurdistan National Front in the Germian-Kirkuk region. In 1992, he achieved another milestone when he was elected as the first president of the Kurdistan National Assembly. Additionally, at the inaugural session of the Kurdistan Parliament following historic elections, Jawhar Namiq garnered the support of MPs and was elected as the first Speaker of Parliament.

As Speaker of Parliament, Jawhar Namiq played a crucial role in the passing of new legislation and the amendment of Ba'athist-era laws. Under his leadership, the parliament made a significant declaration on October 3, 1992, expressing Kurdistan's desire to live under a federal system within Iraq. Several laws promoting freedom of the media and lifting censorship were enacted during his tenure.

During the civil war, Jawhar Namiq actively sought peace and reconciliation, staging a 103-day sit-in protest inside the parliament. His dedication to opposing the civil war and his efforts to bring the warring factions together were instrumental in ultimately achieving a resolution.^[4]

Following the KDP's 11th conference in 1993, Jawhar Namiq was elected as the General Secretary of the party's Politburo.^[5] At the 12th congress, he further solidified his position in the leadership and re-elected for the second consecutive term. In 2003, Jawhar Namiq's involvement expanded as he was appointed to the Follow-Up and Arrangement Committee, which united various opposition parties against the government of Saddam Hussein. After the fall of Saddam's regime in 2003, Jawhar Namiq chose to withdraw from all party and official activities.

2003 - 2011: Writings

During the period from 2003 to 2011, Jawhar Namiq's influence and impact continued to resonate within the Kurdistan region (KRG). As a prominent political figure, he fearlessly took a critical stance by publishing articles and conducting TV interviews that highlighted the negative aspects of the Kurdish authorities. His emphasis on constructive dialogue, supporting the democratic process, and advocating for the rights of civil movements demonstrated his commitment to fostering a more open and accountable governance. ^[6]

Jawhar Namiq recognized the need for reform within the KDP party and the KRG. Through his writings and public engagements, he called for introspection and change within the leadership, urging them to address issues that affected the Kurdish population. His vision and foresight set him apart as a political visionary, as many of the challenges and concerns he raised in his writings have become increasingly relevant today.

His dedication to shedding light on critical issues extended beyond his public endeavours. Jawhar Namiq authored three books that delved into the Kurdish cause, providing insightful analysis and thought-provoking perspectives. These works not only contributed to the intellectual discourse surrounding Kurdish politics but also served as a testament to his commitment to creating a better future for Kurdistan.

Despite his busy schedule and political engagements, Jawhar Namiq was dedicated to his family, whom he cherished deeply. He made a conscious effort to spend quality time with his wife three children, instilling in them the importance of their Kurdish identity and fostering an understanding of international affairs and the importance of unity. By supporting them through their education and other extracurricular activities, he demonstrated his belief in the power of knowledge and the role it plays in shaping a nation.

Jawhar Namiq's contributions during this period left a lasting impact on the Kurdish community. His unwavering dedication to democratic principles, his call for reform, and his visionary approach to politics resonated with many who yearned for leadership that prioritized the well-being and aspirations of the Kurdish people. To this day, there are those who deeply admire and long for someone like him to lead the nation.

Personal Life

Jawhar Namiq led a fulfilling personal life alongside his tireless dedication to the Kurdish cause. He was married to Nerges Awni, the daughter of Othman Awni Habib, a renowned Kurdish poet. They had two sons, Serwan and Aran, as well as a daughter named Sahi. Jawhar's multifaceted artistic talents extended beyond his political endeavours. He was a gifted artist known for his exquisite watercolor paintings.

Death

On March 22, 2011, Jawhar Namiq passed away in Sweden, leaving behind a profound void in the hearts of the Kurdish people.^[7] The news of his demise reverberated throughout the Greater Kurdistan, prompting the parliament to declare a three-day mourning period as a mark of respect.

The day after his passing, a somber procession took place at Erbil International Airport, where Masoud Barzani, President of the Kurdistan Region alongside other esteemed leaders, senior political figures, and family members, received Jawhar Namiq's remains. As a symbol of honor and reverence, a guard of honor stood in solemnity, saluting the coffin adorned with the 21-pointed sun flag of Kurdistan and adorned with flowers.

In a poignant gathering at the Kurdistan Parliament, heartfelt tributes were paid to Jawhar Namiq by veterans and leaders from various political parties and movements within Kurdistan. The Deputy President of the KDP and Prime Minister, Nechirvan Barzani, along with Dr. Kamal Kirkuki, the Speaker of the Kurdistan Parliament, expressed their deep admiration and respect for the late Jawhar Namiq. The gathering served as a testament to his remarkable contributions and the indelible impact he made on Kurdish politics and society.

The loss of Jawhar Namiq was mourned by the entire Kurdish people, and his legacy continues to inspire future generations in their pursuit of a united and prosperous Kurdistan.

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