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An Iranian woman reading Jawshan Kabir
Jawshan Kabeer (Arabic: جَوْشَن ٱلْكَبِير, "the Great Cuirass") is a long Islamic prayer that contains 1001 names and attributes of God, and is widely used in many Shia Muslim traditions, especially in Turkey.[1] Jawshan means "steel plate" or "mail" and thus the name of the prayer refers to Muhammad’s heavy armor in battle.[1] According to Shia Muslims, God taught the prayer to him as a protection from injuries in war, instead of hard armor.[2]
History
The Islamic prophet Mohammed used hard and heavy armor during fighting in the war. Because of the tightness of his armor, his body was injured. According to Shia Muslims, during the war, the angel Jibra'il (Gabriel) came and brought him a message from God, teaching prayer to Muhammad to protect him from bad events. Jibra'il said: "O’ Muhammad! Your God conveys his salutations to you and has said to take this coat of armor and to recite it as this is a protection for you and your Ummah."[3] The prayer became his armor to protect him against injuries.[2] The name of the prayer was taken from Muhammad’s heavy armor, called Jawshan, in the battle.[1]
Text
The context of the prayer was written by Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin and came to him from his great grandfather Muhammad by word of mouth. Afterwards, a narrator and faqih of Shia Islam, Ibrahim ibn Ali A’meli Kafa’mi, mentioned the Jawshan Kabir context in book Balad al-Amin.[1]
The Jawshan Kabir prayer contains 100 parts. 25 of these parts start with I entreat You by Your Name. Names of God are recited after the phrase. In all, the supplication comprises 250 names of Allah and 750 attributes of Allah and request from Allah. For this reason, the Jawshan Kabir prayer is known as Ism-e-A’ẓam, i.e., the greatest name (of God). A same phrase is repeated at the end of each part. The meaning of this sentence is "Praise be to Thee, there is no God but Thee, The Granter of all Succor (Mercy!, Mercy!), Protect us from the Fire, O Lord."[4][1][2]
List of mentioned names and attributes of Allah
| No. | Arabic | Transliteration | English translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | الله | Allāh | The God |
| 2 | رَحْمَنُ | Raḥmān | Gracious |
| 3 | رَحِيمُ | Raḥīm | Merciful |
| 4 | كَرِيمُ | Karīm | Most Generous |
| 5 | مُقِيمُ | Muqīm | Self-Subsisting |
| 6 | عَظِيمُ | ʿAẓīm | Greatest |
| 7 | قَدِيمُ | Qadīm | Eternal |
| 8 | عَلِيمُ | ʿAlīm | All-Knowing |
| 9 | حَلِيمُ | Ḥalīm | Forbearing |
| 10 | حَكِيمُ | Ḥakīm | Wise |
| 11 | سَيِّدَ السَّادَاتِ | Sayyidaʼs-Sādāt | Master of Masters |
| 12 | مُجِيبَ الدَّعَوَاتِ | Mujībaʼd-Daʿawāt | Acceptor of Prayers |
| 13 | رَافِعَ الدَّرَجَاتِ | Rāfiʿaʼd-Darajāt | Elevator of Rank |
| 14 | وَلِيَّ الْحَسَنَاتِ | Waliyyaʼl-Ḥasanāt | Guardian of Good Deeds |
| 15 | غَافِرَ الْخَطِيئَاتِ | Ghāfiraʼl-Khaṭīʾāt | Forgiver of Evil Deeds |
| 16 | مُعْطِيَ الْمَسْأَلاتِ | Muʿṭiyaʼl-Masʾalāt | Granter of Requests |
| 17 | قَابِلَ التَّوْبَاتِ | Qābilaʼt-Tawbāt | Acceptor of Repentance |
| 18 | سَامِعَ الأَصْوَاتِ | Sāmiʿaʼl-ʾAṣwāt | Hearer of Voices |
| 19 | عَالِمَ الْخَفِيَّاتِ | ʿĀlimaʼl-Khafiyyāt | Knower of Attributes |
| 20 | دَافِعَ الْبَلِيَّاتِ | Dāfiʿaʼl-Baliyyāt | Repeller of Calamities |
| 21 | خَيْرَ الْغافِرِينَ | Khayraʼl-Ghāfirīn | Best of Forgivers |
| 22 | خَيْرَ الْفَاتِحِينَ | Khayraʼl-Fātiḥīn | Best of Deciders |
| 23 | خَيْرَ النَّاصِرِينَ | Khayraʼn-Nāṣirīn | Best of Helpers |
| 24 | خَيْرَ الْحَاكِمِينَ | Khayraʼl-Ḥākimīn | Best of Judges |
| 25 | خَيْرَ الرَّازِقِينَ | Khayraʼr-Rāziqīn | Best of Providers |
| 26 | خَيْرَ الْوَارِثِينَ | Khayraʼl-Wārithīn | Best of Inheritors |
| 27 | خَيْرَ الْحَامِدِينَ | Khayraʼl-Ḥāmidīn | Best of Praisers |
| 28 | خَيْرَ الذَّاكِرِينَ | Khayraʼḏ-Ḏākirīn | Best of Rememberers |
| 29 | خَيْرَ الْمُنْزِلِينَ | Khayraʼl-Munzilīn | Best of Dischargers |
| 30 | خَيْرَ الْمُحْسِنِينَ | Khayraʼl-Muḥsinīn | Best of Benefactors |
| 31 | مَن لَّهُ الْعِزَّةُ وَالْجَمَالُ | Man Llahuʼl-ʿIzzatu waʼl-Jamāl | He to Whom is All Glory and Virtue |
| 32 | مَن لَّهُ الْقُدْرَةُ وَالْكَمَالُ | Man Llahuʼl-Qudratu waʼl-Kamāl | He to Whom is All Might and Perfection |
| 33 | مَن لَّهُ الْمُلْكُ وَالجَلاَلُ | Man Llahuʼl-Mulku waʼl-Jalāl | He to Whom is All Dominion and Sublimity, |
| 34 | مَنْ هُوَ الْكَبِيرُ الْمُتَعَاِل | Man Huwaʼl-Kabīruʼl-Mutaʿāl | He Who is Great Above All |
| 35 | مُنْشِئَ السَّحَابِ الثِّقَاِل | Munshiʾaʼs-Saḥābiʼth-Thiqāl | Creator of Heavy Clouds |
| 36 | مَنْ هُوَ شَدِيدُ الْمِحَاِل | Man Huwa Shadīduʼl-Miḥāl | He Who is the Most Powerful |
| 37 | مَنْ هُوَ سَرِيعُ الْحِسَابِ | Man Huwa Sarīʿuʼl-Ḥisāb | He Who is Quick to Reckon |
| 38 | مَنْ هُوَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ | Man Huwa Shadīduʼl-ʿIqāb | He Who Gives the Severest Punishments |
| 39 | مَنْ عِنْدَهُ حُسْنُ الثَّوَابِ | Man ʿIndahu Ḥusnuʼth-Thawāb | He With Whom is the Excellent Reward |
| 40 | مَنْ عِنْدَهُ أُمُّ الْكِتَابِ | Man ʿIndahu ʾUmmuʼl-Kitāb | He With Whom is the Original Book |
| 41 | حَنَّانُ | Ḥannān | Compassionate |
| 42 | مَنَّانُ | Mannān | Benefactor |
| 43 | دَيَّانُ | Dayyān | Judge |
| 44 | بُرْهَانُ | Burhān | Proof |
| 45 | سُلْطَانُ | Sulṭān | Sovereign |
| 46 | رِضْوَانُ | Riḍwān | Approver |
| 47 | غُفْرَانُ | Ghufrān | Forgiver |
| 48 | سُبْحَانُ | Subḥān | Exalted |
| 49 | مُسْتَعَانُ | Mustaʿān | Helper |
| 50 | ذَا الْمَنِّ وَالْبَيَانِ | Ḏāʼl-Manni waʼl-Bayān | Holder of Blessings and Manifestation |
| 51 | مَن تَوَاضَعَ كُلُّ شَيٍْء لِّعَظَمَتِهِ | Man Tawāḍaʿa Kullu Shayʾin Lliʿaẓamatih |
He Before Whose Greatness Everything Bows |
| 52 | مَنِ اسْتَسْلَمَ کُلُّ شَيٍْء لِّقُدْرَتِهِ | Maniʼstaslama Kullu Shayʾin Lliqudratih |
He Before Whose Power Everything Submits |
| 53 | مَن ذَلَّ كُلُّ شَيٍْء لِّعِزَّتِهِ | Man Ḏalla Kullu Shayʾin Lliʿizzatih | He Before Whose Might Overshadows Everything |
| 54 | مَنْ خَضَعَ كُلُّ شَيٍْء لِّهَيْبَتِهِ | Man Khaḍaʿa Kullu Shayʾin Llihaybatih |
He Before Whose Prestige Everything is Humbled |
| 55 | مَنِ انْقَادَ کُلُّ شَیْءٍ مِنْ خَشْیَتِهِ | Maniʼnqāda Kullu Shayʾin Min Khashyatih |
He Before Whose Fearsomeness Everything Yields |
| 56 | مَن تَشَقَّقَتِ الْجِبَالُ مِن مَّخَافَتِهِ | Man Tashaqqaqatiʼl-Jibālu Min Makhāfatih |
He Before Whose Terribleness Mountains Shake |
| 57 | مَن قَامَتِ السَّمَاوَاتُ بِأَمْرِهِ | Man Qāmatiʼs-Samāwātu Biʾamrih |
He Before Whose Command the Heavens Are Raised |
| 58 | مَنِ اسْتَقَرَّتِ الْاَرَضُونَ بِاِذْنِهِ | Maniʼstaqarratiʼl-ʾAraḍūna Biʾiḏnih |
He Through Whose Permission in the Earths Are Secured |
| 59 | مَن يُّسَبِّحُ الرَّعْدُ بِحَمْدِهِ | Man Yusabbiḥuʼr-Raʿdu Biḥamdih | He Whose Glory the Thunder Proclaims |
| 60 | مَن لا يَعْتَدِي عَلَى أَهْلِ مَمْلَكَتِهِ | Man La Yaʿtadī ʿalā ʾAhli Mamlakatih |
He Who Is Never Cruel to His Subjects |
| 61 | غَافِرَ الْخَطَايَا | Ghāfiraʼl-Khaṭāyā | Forgiver of Sins |
| 62 | كَاشِفَ الْبَلاَيَا | Kāshifaʼl-Balāyā | Dispeller of Tribulations |
| 63 | مُنْتَهَى الرَّجَايَا | Muntahāʼr-Rajāyā | Aim of Hopes |
| 64 | مُجْزِلَ الْعَطَايَا | Mujzilaʼl-ʿAṭāyā | Giver of Gifts |
| 65 | وَاهِبَ الْهَدَايَا | Wāhibaʼl-Hadāyā | Bestower of Bounties |
| 66 | رَازِقَ الْبَرَايَا | Rāziqaʼl-Barāyā | Provider of Creatures |
| 67 | قَاضِي الْمَنَايَا | Qāḍiyaʼl-Manāyā | Judge of Destinies |
| 68 | سَامِعَ الشَّكَايَا | Sāmiʿaʼsh-Shakāyā | Hearer of Complaints |
| 69 | بَاعِثَ الْبَرَايَا | Bāʿithaʼl-Barāyā | Resurrector of Creatures |
| 70 | مُطْلِقَ الأُسَارَى | Muṭliqaʼl-ʾUsārā | Freer of Captives |
| 71 | ذَا الْحَمْدِ وَالثَّنَاءِ | Ḏāʼl-Ḥamdi waʼth-Thanāʾ | He to Whom Is All Praise and Adoration |
| 72 | ذَا الْفَخْرِ وَالْبَهَاءِ | Ḏāʼl-Fakhri waʼl-Bahāʾ | He Who Holds All Pride and Eminence |
| 73 | ذَا الْمَجْدِ وَالسَّنَاءِ | Ḏāʼl-Majdi waʼs-Sanāʾ | He Who Holds All Honor and Rank |
| 74 | ذَا الْعَهْدِ وَالْوَفَاءِ | Ḏāʼl-ʿAhdi waʼl-Wafāʾ | He Who Makes Promises and Honors Them |
| 75 | ذَا الْعَفْوِ وَالرِّضَاءِ | Ḏāʼl-ʿAfwi waʼr-Riḍāʾ | He Who Pardons and Is Content |
| 76 | ذَا الْمَنِّ وَالْعَطَاءِ | Ḏāʼl-Manni waʼl-ʿAṭāʾ | He Who Holds All Abundance and Provides |
| 77 | ذَا الْفَصْلِ وَالْقَضَاءِ | Ḏāʼl-Faṣli waʼl-Qaḍāʾ | He Who Holds Decision and Judgement |
| 78 | ذَا الْعِزِّ وَالْبَقَاءِ | Ḏāʼl-ʿIzzi waʼl-Baqāʾ | He Who Is Glorious and Eternal |
| 79 | ذَا الْجُودِ وَالسَّخَاءِ | Ḏāʼl-ʿJūdi waʼs-Sakhāʾ | He Who Is Liberal and Munificent |
| 80 | ذَا الآلاءِ وَالنَّعْمَاءِ | Ḏāʼl-ʿĀlāʾi waʼn-Naʿmāʾ | He Who Holds All Blessings and Bounties |
| 81 | مَانِعُ | Māniʿ | Defender |
| 82 | دَافِعُ | Dāfiʿ | Repeller |
| 83 | رَافِعُ | Rāfiʿ | Upgrader |
| 84 | صَانِعُ | Ṣāniʿ | Fashioner |
| 85 | نَافِعُ | Nāfiʿ | Propitious |
| 86 | سَامِعُ | Sāmiʿ | Hearer |
| 87 | جَامِعُ | Jāmiʿ | Gatherer |
| 88 | شَافِعُ | Shāfiʿ | Intercessor |
| 89 | وَاسِعُ | Wāsiʿ | Magnanimous |
| 90 | مُوسِعُ | Mūsiʿ | Increaser |
| 91 | صَانِعَ کُلِّ مَصْنُوعٍ | Ṣāniʿa Kulli Maṣnūʿ | Fashioner of Every Fashioned Thing |
| 92 | خَالِقَ کُلِّ مَخْلُوقٍ | Khāliqa Kulli Makhlūq | Creator of Every Created Thing |
| 93 | رَازِقَ کُلِّ مَرْزُوقٍ | Rāziqa Kulli Marzūq | Provider for Every Needy Thing |
| 94 | مَاِلكَ كُلِّ مَمْلُوكٍ | Mālika Kulli Mamlūk | Sovereign Over All Subjects |
| 95 | كَاشِفَ كُلِّ مَكْرُوبٍ | Kāshifa Kulli Makrūb | Dispeller of Every Hardship |
| 96 | فَاِرجَ كُلِّ مَهْمُومٍ | Fārija Kulli Mahmūm | Comforter of Every Griever |
| 97 | رَاحِمَ كُلِّ مَرْحُومٍ | Rāḥima Kulli Marḥūm | Merciful to Every Sufferer |
| 98 | نَاصِرَ كُلِّ مَخْذُولٍ | Nāṣira Kulli Makhḏūl | Helper of Every Forsaken Thing |
| 99 | سَاتِرَ كُلِّ مَعْيُوبٍ | Sātira Kulli Maʿyūb | Concealer of Every Blemished Thing |
| 100 | مَلْجَأَ كُلِّ مَطْرُودٍ | Maljaʾa Kulli Maṭrūd | Shelter for Every Exile |
| No. | Arabic | Transliteration | English translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 101 | عُدَّتِي عِنْدَ شِدَّتِي | ʿUddatī ʿinda Shiddatī | Provider in My Hardship |
| 102 | رَجَائِي عِنْدَ مُصِيبَتِي | Rajāʾī ʿinda Muṣībatī | Hope in My Misfortune |
| 103 | مُؤْنِسِي عِنْدَ وَحْشَتِي | Muʾnisī ʿinda Waḥshatī | Companion in My Isolation |
| 104 | صَاحِبِي عِنْدَ غُرْبَتِي | Ṣāḥibī ʿinda Ghurbatī | Companion in My Journey |
| 105 | وَلِيِّي عِنْدَ نِعْمَتِي | Waliyyī ʿinda Niʿmatī | Friend in My Ease |
| 106 | غِيَاثِي عِنْدَ كُرْبَتِي | Ghiyāthī ʿinda Kurbatī | Rescuer From My Trials |
| 107 | دَلِيلِي عِنْدَ حَيْرَتِي | Dalīlī ʿinda Ḥayratī | Guide in My Perplexity |
| 108 | غِنَائِي عِنْدَ افْتِقَارِي | Ghināʾī ʿindaʼftiqārī | Resource in My Neediness |
| 109 | مَلْجَئِي عِنْدَ اضْطِرَارِي | Maljaʾī ʿindaʼḍṭirārī | Shelter in My Helplessness |
| 110 | مُعِينِي عِنْدَ مَفْزَعِي | Muʿīnī ʿinda Mafzaʿī | Deliverer From My Fears |
| 111 | عَلاَّمَ الْغُيُوبِ | ʿAllāmaʼl-Ghuyūb | Knower of the Unseen |
| 112 | غَفَّارَ الذُّنُوبِ | Ghaffāraʼḏ-Ḏunūb | Forgiver of Wrongdoings |
| 113 | سَتَّارَ الْعُيُوبِ | Sattāraʼl-ʿUyūb | Concealer of Defects |
| 114 | كَاشِفَ الْكُرُوبِ | Kāshifaʼl-Kurūb | Expeller of Pain |
| 115 | مُقَلِّبَ الْقُلُوبِ | Muqallibaʼl-Qulūb | Changer of the Hearts |
| 116 | طَبِيبَ الْقُلُوبِ | Ṭabībaʼl-Qulūb | Physician of the Hearts |
| 117 | مُنَوِّرَ الْقُلُوبِ | Munawwiraʼl-Qulūb | Illuminator of the Hearts |
| 118 | أَنِيسَ الْقُلُوبِ | ʾAnīsaʼl-Qulūb | Intimate of the Hearts |
| 119 | مُفَرِّجَ الْهُمُومِ | Mufarrijaʼl-Humūm | Eliminator of Anxiety |
| 120 | مُنَفِّسَ الْغُمُومِ | Munaffisaʼl-Ghumūm | Liberator From Grief |
| 121 | جَلِيلُ | Jalīl | Glorious |
| 122 | جَمِيلُ | Jamīl | Virtuous |
| 123 | وَكِيلُ | Wakīl | Protector |
| 124 | كَفِيلُ | Kafīl | Patron |
| 125 | دَلِيلُ | Dalīl | Guide |
| 126 | قَبِيلُ | Qabīl | Guarantor |
| 127 | مُدِيلُ | Mudīl | Bestower of Wealth |
| 128 | مُنِيلُ | Munīl | Bestower of Blessings |
| 129 | مُقِيلُ | Muqīl | Bestower of Strength |
| 130 | مُحِيلُ | Muḥīl | Acceptor of Repentance |
| 131 | دَلِيلَ الْمُتَحَيِّرِينَ | Dalīlaʼl-Mutaḥayyirīn | Guide of the Waylaid |
| 132 | غِيَاثَ الْمُسْتَغِيثِينَ | Ghiyāthaʼl-Mustaghīthīn | Rescuer of Those Who Appeal |
| 133 | صَرِيخَ الْمُسْتَصْرِخِينَ | Ṣarīkhaʼl-Mustaṣrikhīn | Helper of Those Who Call |
| 134 | جَارَ الْمُسْتَجِيرِينَ | Jāraʼl-Mustajīrīn | Aider of Those Who Call |
| 135 | أَمَانَ الْخَائِفِينَ | ʾAmānaʼl-Khāʾifīn | Shelter of the Fearful |
| 136 | عَوْنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ | ʿAwnaʼl-Muʾminīn | Succourer of the Faithful |
| 137 | رَاحِمَ الْمَسَاكِينَ | Rāḥimaʼl-Masākīn | Merciful to the Indigent |
| 138 | مَلْجَأَ الْعَاصِينَ | Maljaʾaʼl-ʿĀṣīn | Refuge for the Disobedient |
| 139 | غَافِرَ الْمُذْنِبِينَ | Ghāfiraʼl-Muḏnibīn | Forgiver of Those Who Sin |
| 140 | مُجِيبَ دَعْوَةِ الْمُضْطَرِّينَ | Mujība Daʿwatiʼl-Muḍṭarrīn | Responder to the Calls of Those in Need |
| 141 | ذَا الْجُودِ وَالإِحْسَانِ | Ḏāʼl-Jūdi waʼl-ʾIḥsān | Master of Liberality and Beneficence |
| 142 | ذَا الْفَضْلِ وَالإمْتِنَانِ | Ḏāʼl-Faḍli waʼl-ʾImtinān | He Who Is Gracious and Obliging |
| 143 | ذَا الأَمْنِ وَالأَمَانِ | Ḏāʼl-ʾAmni waʼl-ʾAmān | Master of Peace and Security |
| 144 | ذَا الْقُدْسِ وَالسُّبْحَانِ | Ḏāʼl-Qudsi waʼs-Subḥān | He Who Is Holy and Exalted |
| 145 | ذَا الْحِكْمَةِ وَالْبَيَانِ | Ḏāʼl-Ḥikmati waʼl-Bayān | Master of Wisdom and Manifestation |
| 146 | ذَا الرَّحْمَةِ وَالرِّضْوَانِ | Ḏāʼr-Raḥmati waʼr-Riḍwān | Master of Mercy and Satisfaction |
| 147 | ذَا الْحُجَّةِ وَالْبُرْهَانِ | Ḏāʼl-Ḥujjati waʼl-Burhān | Master of Argument and Proof |
| 148 | ذَا الْعَظَمَةِ وَالسُّلْطَانِ | Ḏāʼl-ʿAẓamati waʼs-Sulṭān | Master of Grandeur and Sovereignty |
| 149 | ذَا الرَّأْفَةِ وَالْمُسْتَعَانِ | Ḏāʼr-Raʾfati waʼl-Mustaʿān | Master of Kindness and Aid |
| 150 | ذَا الْعَفْوِ وَالْغُفْرَانِ | Ḏāʼl-ʿAfwi waʼl-Ghufrān | Master of Pardon and Forgiveness |
| 151 | مَنْ هُوَ رَبُّ كُلِّ شَيٍْء | Man Huwa Rabbu Kulli Shayʾ | He Who Is the Lord Over All Things |
| 152 | مَنْ هُوَ إِلَهُ كُلِّ شَيٍْء | Man Huwa ʾIlāhu Kulli Shayʾ | He Who Is the God of All Things |
| 153 | مَنْ هُوَ خَاِلقُ كُلِّ شَيٍْء | Man Huwa Khāliqu Kulli Shayʾ | He Who Is the Creator of All Things |
| 154 | مَنْ هُوَ صَانِعُ كُلِّ شَيٍْء | Man Huwa Ṣāniʿu Kulli Shayʾ | He Who Is the Fashioner of All Things |
| 155 | مَنْ هُوَ قَبْلَ كُلِّ شَيٍْء | Man Huwa Qabla Kulli Shayʾ | He Who Is the Predecessor of All Things |
| 156 | مَنْ هُوَ بَعْدَ كُلِّ شَيٍْء | Man Huwa Baʿda Kulli Shayʾ | He Who Is the Successor of All Things |
| 157 | مَنْ هُوَ فَوْقَ كُلِّ شَيٍْء | Man Huwa Fawqa Kulli Shayʾ | He Who Is Above All Things |
| 158 | مَنْ هُوَ عَاِلمٌ بِكُلِّ شَيٍْء | Man Huwa ʿĀlimun Bikulli Shayʾ | He Who Is Knowledged on All Things |
| 159 | مَنْ هُوَ قَادِرٌ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيٍْء | Man Huwa Qādirun ʿalā Kulli Shayʾ | He Who Is Powerful Over All Things |
| 160 | مَنْ هُوَ يَبْقَى وَيَفْنَى كُلُّ شَيٍْء | Man Huwa Yabqā wa Yafnā Kullu Shayʾ |
He Who Is the Sustainer and Extinguisher of All Things |
| 161 | مُؤْمِنُ | Muʾmin | Securer |
| 162 | مُهَيْمِنُ | Muhaymin | Protector |
| 163 | مُكَوِّنُ | Mukawwin | Bestower of Being |
| 164 | مُلَقِّنُ | Mulaqqin | Bestower of Knowledge |
| 165 | مُبَيِّنُ | Mubayyin | Manifester |
| 166 | مُهَوِّنُ | Muhawwin | Facilitator |
| 167 | مُمَكِّنُ | Mumakkin | Provider of Place |
| 168 | مُزَيِّنُ | Muzayyin | Adorner |
| 169 | مُعْلِنُ | Muʿlin | Proclaimer |
| 170 | مُقْسِّمُ | Muqsim | Distributor |
| 171 | مَنْ هُوَ فِي مُلْكِهِ مُقِيمٌ | Man Huwa fī Mulkihi Muqīm | He Who Is Everlasting in His Kingdom |
| 172 | مَنْ هُوَ فِي سُلْطَانِهِ قَدِيمٌ | Man Huwa fī Sulṭānihi Qadīm | He Who Is Eternal in His Sovereignty |
| 173 | مَنْ هُوَ فِي جَلاَلِهِ عَظِيمٌ | Man Huwa fī Jalālihi ʿAẓīm | He Who Is Greatest in His Grandeur |
| 174 | مَنْ هُوَ عَلَى عِبَادِهِ رَحِيمٌ | Man Huwa ʿalā ʿIbādihi Raḥīm | He Who Is Merciful to His Servants |
| 175 | مَنْ هُوَ بِكُلِّ شَيٍْء عَلِيمٌ | Man Huwa Bikulli Shayʾin ʿAlīm | He Who Is Aware of Everything |
| 176 | مَنْ هُوَ بِمَنْ عَصَاهُ حَلِيمٌ | Man Huwa Biman ʿAṣāhu Ḥalīm | He Who Is Forbearing Towards the Disobedient |
| 177 | مَنْ هُوَ بِمَن رَّجَاهُ كَرِيمٌ | Man Huwa Biman Rrajāhu Karīm | He Who Is Generous to the Beseechers |
| 178 | مَنْ هُوَ فِي صُنْعِهِ حَكِيمٌ | Man Huwa fī Ṣunʿihi Ḥakīm | He Who Is Wise Over What He Has Fashioned |
| 179 | مَنْ هُوَ فِي حِكْمَتِهِ لَطِيفٌ | Man Huwa fī Ḥikmatihi Laṭīf | He Who Is Subtle in His Wisdom |
| 180 | مَنْ هُوَ فِي لُطْفِهِ قَدِيمٌ | Man Huwa fī Luṭfihi Qadīm | He Who Is Eternal in His Kindness |
| 181 | مَن لا يُرْجَى إِلاَّ فَضْلُهُ | Man Llā Yurjā ʾIllā Faḍluh | He From Whom Nothing Is Expected but His Favor |
| 182 | مَن لا يُسْأَلُ إِلاَّ عَفْوُهُ | Man Llā Yusʾalu ʾIllā ʿAfwuh | He From Whom Nothing Is Asked but His Pardon |
| 183 | مَن لا يُنْظَرُ إِلاَّ بِرُّهُ | Man Llā Yunẓaru ʾIllā Birruh | He From Whom Nothing Comes Out but His Goodness |
| 184 | مَن لا يُخَافُ إِلاَّ عَدْلُهُ | Man Llā Yukhāfu ʾIllā ʿAdluh | He Who Is Not Feared but for His Justice |
| 185 | مَن لا يَدُومُ إِلاَّ مُلْكُهُ | Man Llā Yadūmu ʾIllā Mulkuh | He Except Whose No Kingdom Is Eternal |
| 186 | مَن لا سُلْطَانَ إِلاَّ سُلْطَانُهُ | Man Llā Sulṭāna ʾIllā Sulṭānuh | He Except Whose No Sovereignty Is Prevailing |
| 187 | مَن وَّسِعَتْ كُلَّ شَيٍْء رَّحْمَتُهُ | Man Wwasiʿat Kulla Shayʾin Rraḥmatuh |
He Whose Mercy Encompasses Everything |
| 188 | مَنْ سَبَقَتْ رَحْمَتُهُ غَضَبَهُ | Man Sabaqat Raḥmatuhu Ghaḍabah |
He Whose Mercy Surpasses His Wrath |
| 189 | مَنْ أَحَاطَ بِكُلِّ شَيٍْء عِلْمُهُ | Man ʾAḥāṭa Bikulli Shayʾin ʿIlmuh | He Whose Knowledge Encompasses Everything |
| 190 | مَن لَّيْسَ أَحَدٌ مِّثْلَهُ | Man Llaysa ʾAḥadun Mithlah | He Who Has No Equal |
| 191 | فَارِجَ الْهَمِّ | Fārijaʼl-Ham | Remover of Anxiety |
| 192 | كَاشِفَ الْغَمِّ | Kāshifaʼl-Gham | Dispeller of Sorrow |
| 193 | غَافِرَ الذَّنْبِ | Ghāfiraʼḏ-Ḏanb | Forgiver of Wrongdoings |
| 194 | قَابِلَ التَّوْبِ | Qābilaʼt-Tawb | Acceptor of Repentance |
| 195 | خَاِلقَ الْخَلْقِ | Khāliqaʼl-Khalq | Creator of Creations |
| 196 | صَادِقَ الْوَعْدِ | Ṣādiqaʼl-Waʿd | Truthful in Promises |
| 197 | مُوفِي الْعَهْدِ | Mūfiyaʼl-ʿAhd | Accomplisher of Covenants |
| 198 | عَالِمَ السِّرِّ | ʿĀlimaʼs-Sir | Knower of Secrets |
| 199 | فَاِلقَ الْحَبِّ | Fāliqaʼl-Ḥab | Splitter of Seed |
| 200 | رَازِقَ الأَنَامِ | Rāziqaʼl-ʾAnām | Provider for Creatures |
Descriptions
Sunni and Shiite scholars have written commentaries on the prayer of Jowshan Kabir. The most famous commentary is the commentary of Mullah Hadi Sabzevari. This description is partly mystical and philosophical . Sabzevari has testified to Persian and Arabic poems based on prayer verses and has referred to Firoozabadi's dictionary of lexicon for lexical issues. He has also raised philosophical, mystical, and theological issues on a variety of occasions[5]
Recitation
Muslims often read the Jawshan kabir in Laylat al-Qadr in Ramadan but some Hadiths recommend reading it at the beginning of Ramadan.[2] Imam Ali said to his son, Husayn ibn Ali, to memorize and write this supplication on his kafan (burial shroud).[2] Also, there are several hadiths from the prophet Muhammad that state that whoever recites this prayer will receive rewards in the world and Akhirah. Abbas Qumi wrote the prayer in his book Mafatih al-Janan.[1][2]
Writing
According to the book of Urwath al-Wutha of Mohammed Kazem Yazdi, writing Dua Jawshan Kabir (as well as writing the whole of Quran and Du'a Jawshan Sagheer) on the shroud is deemed as a Mustahabb practice;[6] it has also been mentioned through Husayn ibn Ali that it is permissible to write Jawshan Kabir and Jawshan Sagheer on the shroud, but, in order not to be Najis, it is better not to write on the parallel or lower of Awrah.[7]
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Said Nursi (21 April 2014). al-Jawashan al-Kabir. Işık Yayıncılık Ticaret. ISBN 978-1-59784-642-4.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Importance of Joshnkabir" (PDF). Duas.org.
- ↑ Ali Kose; Hakan Yesilova (2006). Al-Jawshan Al-Kabir. Tughra Books. ISBN 978-1-932099-98-0.
- ↑ Kamalkhani (28 October 2013). Womens Islam. Routledge. pp. 18–. ISBN 978-1-136-17379-0.
- ↑ Sabzevari, Sharh al-Asma ', 1375, p. 33.
- ↑ Yazdi, Urwat al-Wuthqa, Vol. 2, P.76
- ↑ Lawame' Sahebqerani, Vol. 2, P.230
External links
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