Jim Cooper
Official portrait, 2013
Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from Tennessee
In office
January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2023
Preceded byBob Clement
Succeeded byAndy Ogles
Constituency5th district
In office
January 3, 1983 – January 3, 1995
Preceded byRedistricted
Succeeded byVan Hilleary
Constituency4th district
Personal details
Born
James Hayes Shofner Cooper

(1954-06-19) June 19, 1954
Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Spouses
Martha Hayes
​
​
(m. 1985; died 2021)​
    Mary Falls
    ​
    (m. 2022)​
    Children3
    RelativesPrentice Cooper (father)
    John Cooper (brother)
    EducationUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (BA)
    Oriel College, Oxford (MA)
    Harvard University (JD)

    James Hayes Shofner Cooper (born June 19, 1954) is an American lawyer, businessman, professor, and politician who served as the U.S. representative for Tennessee's 5th congressional district (based in Nashville and containing parts of Davidson, Cheatham, and Dickson Counties) from 2003 to 2023. He is a member of the Democratic Party and was a member of the Blue Dog Coalition, and represented Tennessee's 4th congressional district from 1983 to 1995.[1] His district included all of Nashville. He chaired the United States House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces of the House Armed Services Committee, and sat on the Committee on Oversight and Reform, United States House Committee on the Budget, and the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, more committees than any other member of Congress. At the end of his tenure, he was also the dean of Tennessee's congressional delegation. Cooper is the third-longest serving member of Congress ever from Tennessee, after Jimmy Quillen and B. Carroll Reece.

    Due to Cooper's rare split tenure in Congress in two entirely different districts, his career was divided in two fields: regulatory and health care legislation in the rural 4th district and military affairs in the urban 5th.

    Cooper built seniority and respect on two different sets of committees, becoming what The New York Times op-ed writer Joe Nocera called "the conscience of the House, a lonely voice for civility in this ugly era."[2]

    Cooper announced that he would not seek reelection in 2022 after accusing Tennessee's Republican-led state legislature of partisan gerrymandering in the redistricting cycle.[3] The new congressional map, which split Davidson County into 3 separate districts, turned TN-5 from a Democratic-leaning seat into a Republican one. Cooper was succeeded by Republican Andy Ogles.

    Cooper was born in Nashville and raised in Shelbyville, Tennessee.[4] He is the son of former governor Prentice Cooper and his wife Hortense (Powell).[5] His paternal grandfather, William Prentice Cooper, served as mayor of Shelbyville and speaker of the Tennessee House of Representatives.[6] The Cooper family owns the River Side Farmhouse, built for his great-great-grandfather, Jacob Morton Shofner, in 1890;[7] the Gov. Prentice Cooper House, built for his grandfather in 1904;[8] and the 1866 Absalom Lowe Landis House in Normandy, Tennessee, all of which are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[9]

    Cooper attended the Episcopal boys' boarding school Groton School in Groton, Massachusetts,[10] and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he was a member of the Alpha Sigma Chapter of the Chi Psi fraternity, received the Morehead-Cain Scholarship, and earned a B.A. in history with highest honors and honors in economics in three years. He was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship to study at Oxford, where he was a member of Oriel College and earned a B.A./M.A. in philosophy, politics and economics in 1977. In 1980, he received a J.D. from Harvard Law School.[11]

    Cooper spent two years working for the law firm Waller Lansden Dortch & Davis, LLP in Nashville, and then ran for Congress in 1982.[12]

    U.S. House of Representatives (1983–1995)

    Elections

    Cooper during the
    108th Congress

    1982

    In 1982, Cooper won the Democratic primary for the 4th district, which had been created when Tennessee gained a district after the 1980 census. The new 4th ran diagonally across the state, from heavily Republican areas near the Tri-Cities, Knoxville and Chattanooga to the fringes of the Nashville suburbs. The district stretched across five media markets – the Tri-Cities (Kingsport, Johnson City, and Bristol), Knoxville, Chattanooga, Nashville and Huntsville, Alabama. The district touched four states – Virginia, Kentucky, Alabama, and Mississippi – and nearly touched North Carolina and Georgia.

    Cooper defeated Cissy Baker, an editor in Washington for CNN and the daughter of U.S. Senate Majority Leader Howard Baker,[13] with 66% of the vote, becoming the youngest member of Congress at age 28.

    Cooper was reelected five more times with little substantive opposition, running unopposed in 1986 and 1988. Before Cooper's election, much of the eastern portion of the 4th had not been represented by a Democrat since the Civil War.

    Tenure

    In 1992, Cooper co-authored a bipartisan health-care reform plan that did not include employer mandates compelling universal coverage. Called "Clinton-Lite", this initiative was strongly opposed by Hillary Clinton despite its strong backing from both parties.[14]

    In 1990, Cooper was one of only three House Democrats to vote against the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.[15]

    Committee assignments

    During Cooper's first period in Congress, he served first on the Financial Services Committee and then on the Committee on Energy and Commerce.[16][17][18]

    With Representative Fred Grandy and Senator John Breaux, Cooper coauthored the Cooper-Breaux bipartisan health reform plan, which dramatically increased health insurance coverage with the support of the business community.[19]

    Cooper became the leading expert on rural electrical cooperatives, later authoring "Electric Co-operatives: From New Deal to Bad Deal?" in the Harvard Journal on Legislation.[20]

    1994 U.S. Senate election

    In 1994, Cooper ran for the Senate seat vacated by Al Gore's election to the Vice Presidency in 1992, but lost to Republican attorney and actor Fred Thompson. Cooper received just under 40% of the vote. It was a bad year overall for Democrats in Tennessee, as Republican Bill Frist won Tennessee's other Senate seat held by Jim Sasser and Don Sundquist was elected governor. The 4th district seat was also won by a Republican, Van Hilleary, as the GOP gained a majority of the state's congressional delegation for only the second time since Reconstruction.

    Inter-congressional years (1995–2003)

    After losing his Senate bid, Cooper moved to Nashville and became an investment banker at Equitable Securities. Later, he co-founded Brentwood Capital Advisors, a boutique investment bank based in Nashville. He also served as an adjunct professor at Vanderbilt University's Owen Graduate School of Management until 2015.[21]

    U.S. House of Representatives (2003–2023)

    Elections

    2002

    When Thompson opted not to run for reelection to the Senate in 2002, 5th district Congressman Bob Clement (with whom Cooper had served from 1988 to 1995) ran for Thompson's seat. Cooper entered the 5th district Democratic primary along with several other candidates, including Davidson County Sheriff Gayle Ray, Tennessee's first female sheriff, and state legislator John Arriola.[22] Cooper won the primary with 47% of the vote. He won the general election against Republican nominee Robert Duvall (not the actor Robert Duvall), 64%-33%.[23]

    The 5th, based in heavily Democratic Nashville, has long been one of the South's most Democratic districts. It and its predecessors have been in Democratic hands without interruption since 1875, and no Republican had made a serious bid for it since 1972. Upon his return to Congress, the Democrats gave him back his seniority.

    2010

    Cooper defeated Republican nominee David Hall, 57%–42%. This is his smallest margin of victory during his time representing the 5th district.[24]

    2012

    Republicans gained complete control of state government for the first time since Reconstruction. This led to speculation that the legislature might try to draw the 5th out from under Cooper in an effort to gain another Republican district. In the summer of 2011, Cooper and Nashville Mayor Karl Dean told The Tennessean that they had heard rumors that Nashville would be split among three Republican districts. Despite its size, Nashville has been entirely or mostly in a single district since Reconstruction. Cooper said he had seen a map that would have put his Nashville home in the heavily Republican 6th district. The 5th would have been reconfigured into a strongly Republican district stretching from Murfreesboro to the Alabama border, while the rest of Nashville would have been placed in the heavily Republican 7th district. Had it been implemented, the map would have left Cooper with only two realistic places to run—an incumbent-versus-incumbent challenge in the 6th against freshman Republican Diane Black, or the reconfigured 5th, which had reportedly been drawn for State Senator and Murfreesboro resident Bill Ketron, chairman of the redistricting committee.[25] But the final map was far less ambitious, and made the 5th slightly more Democratic than its predecessor. Notably, Cooper picked up all of Nashville; previously, a sliver of southwestern Nashville had been in the 7th.

    Cooper defeated Republican nominee B. Staats, 65%–33%.[26]

    2020

    Cooper was challenged in the Democratic primary by public defender Keeda Haynes, Justin Jones, and former Republican Joshua Rawlings,[27] though Jones withdrew before the primary. Haynes was endorsed by state senator Brenda Gilmore[28] and 2020 Democratic presidential candidate Marianne Williamson,[29] among others. Cooper defeated Haynes and Rawlings with 57% of the vote to Haynes's 40% and Rawlings's 3%.[30]

    In the general election, Cooper did not face a Republican nominee. He received 99.99% of the vote, with 14 votes going to write-in candidates.

    The Golden Goose Award

    In 2012, Cooper created the Golden Goose Award to recognize the human and economic benefits of federally funded research.[31] Each year, the award is given to scientists to highlight examples of seemingly obscure studies that have led to major breakthroughs and resulted in significant societal impact. Cooper's inspiration for the award came from his desire to reverse the legacy of former Senator William Proxmire's "Golden Fleece Award", which attacked federal spending he saw as wasteful, often federally funded scientific research. Cooper, known as "Father Goose", was honored at the 2022 Golden Goose Award Ceremony.[32]

    Retirement

    On January 25, 2022, Cooper announced he would not run for reelection and would retire from Congress.[33] Cooper made the decision due to the state legislature's controversial move to split Davidson County into three congressional districts in an attempt to gerrymander another Republican district.[34]

    The final map pushed the 5th into portions of heavily Republican counties to the east and south. Joe Biden easily won the old 5th with 60% of the vote, but Donald Trump would have carried the new 5th with 55%. At the same time, parts of Nashville were drawn into the heavily Republican 6th and 7th districts. Cooper's only options would have been running in the new 5th, which would have been almost two-thirds new to him, or challenging Republican incumbents John Rose in the 6th or Mark Green in the 7th. Believing he had no realistic chance of staying in Congress, Cooper opted to retire.

    Tenure

    Cooper speaks at conference outside the U.S. Capitol

    Cooper was a member of the Blue Dog Coalition[1] and the New Democrat Coalition,[35] and he had a generally moderate voting record. He also served on the Oversight and Government Reform Committee. Despite the different policy affiliation, he became one of Barack Obama's earliest Congressional endorsers.[36] Cooper opposed an $819 billion economic stimulus plan that passed the House in 2009,[37] but ended up voting for the revised $787 billion final package.[38] He is one of only a few Blue Dog members not to seek earmarks.[39][40] Cooper voted for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in March 2010.[41]

    In 2006, Cooper persuaded Nelson Current publishers to issue The Financial Report of the United States: The Official Report the White House Does Not Want You to Read, for which he wrote the introduction.

    In 2009 the Wall Street Journal wrote of Cooper's concerns about the national deficit, "It's even worse than most people think, he says, because of dodgy accounting used by the federal government. ... 'The U.S. government uses cash accounting,' he says. 'That is illegal for any enterprise of any size in America except for the U.S. government.'"[42] He made similar remarks on PBS, saying, "The real deficit in America is at least twice as large as any politician will tell you. And it may be ten times larger."[43]

    In 2011, Cooper was one of five Democrats to vote for the Cut, Cap, and Balance Act,[44] and co-sponsored the Stop Online Piracy Act.[45]

    In 2012, Cooper authored the No Budget, No Pay Act, which specified that members of Congress would not be paid unless they passed a budget by October 1, 2012.[46][47][48] It became law in modified form in 2015. Also in 2012, Cooper and Representative Steve LaTourette[49] forced the only congressional vote on the Simpson-Bowles deficit reduction package.

    Cooper created the Golden Goose Award to honor the benefits of government-funded scientific research with an annual award ceremony at the Library of Congress.[50] The award is intended to boost the morale of researchers who are often ridiculed by politicians for their work.

    In January 2013, Cooper was the only Democrat in the House to vote against an emergency bill to provide additional disaster and recovery funds in the wake of Hurricane Sandy after supporting the initial $30 billion in relief.[51]

    In recent cycles, Cooper has consistently voted for someone other than Nancy Pelosi for speaker. He cast his vote for Heath Shuler in 2011,[52] Colin Powell in 2013,[53] January 2015[54] and October 2015,[55] and for Tim Ryan in 2017.[56] He voted present in 2019. In 2021, Cooper broke his streak and voted for Pelosi.[57][58]

    In 2017, Cooper worked with Republican Representative Mike Rogers of Alabama on a proposal to establish a Space Corps under the Department of the Air Force. This proposal passed in the House and then failed in the Senate.[59] Two years later, a bill with very similar language was signed into law, creating the United States Space Force.[60]

    On December 18, 2019, Cooper voted for both articles of impeachment against President Donald J. Trump.[61]

    On January 13, 2021, Cooper voted for the second impeachment of Donald Trump.[62]

    In January 2022, when the board of trustees of McMinn County Schools in Tennessee, in a 10-0 decision, removed the Pulitzer Prize-winning Holocaust graphic novel Maus from its curriculum for 8th grade English classes, overriding a State curriculum decision, Cooper was critical of the decision. He called the ban "outrageous" and "really shameful".[63]

    Cooper served on the Strategic Forces Subcommittee and was one of the top Democrats in charge of both nuclear weapons and military satellites for many years. Although most of the work was classified, he wrote an article for War on the Rocks titled "Updating Space Doctrine: How to Avoid World War III", which advocated for the weaponization of space as a deterrence.[64] Cooper was one of few Democrats who supported the Space Development Agency, to build space-based deterrence.[65] He and his Republican counterpart, Doug Lamborn, also wrote "Let's Correct a Misperception about Nuclear Modernization" for Defense One.[66]

    Criticism of Congress

    In 2009, Cooper and his aide Russell Rumbaugh authored an article titled "Real Acquisition Reform", which was printed in Joint Forces Quarterly.[67]

    Cooper spoke with Harvard Law School professor Lawrence Lessig about reforming Congress.[68] According to Lessig, Cooper said that members of Congress are so preoccupied with the question of what they will do after leaving Congress–the most obvious career path being lobbying–that they fall into the habit of thinking about how to serve special interests rather than how to serve the public.[68] According to Lessig, Cooper called Congress a "Farm League for K Street".[68][69] The Boston Review reprinted Cooper's Harvard lecture on "Fixing Congress."[70]

    In 2011, Cooper said, "Working in this Congress is deeply frustrating; in fact, it's enraging. My colleagues are misbehaving. They're posturing for voters back home. They're taking the cheap political hit instead of studying the problem that's before us."[71] The same year, he "called the partisan posturing over the debt ceiling 'an extremely dangerous game of chicken,' and said he'd 'never seen politicians act more irresponsibly than they have been recently,' over the nation's debt."[72]

    Cooper was ranked the 20th most bipartisan member of the House during the 114th United States Congress (and the most bipartisan member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Tennessee) in the Lugar Center and McCourt School of Public Policy's Bipartisan Index, which ranks members of Congress by bipartisanship (by measuring how often each member's bills attract co-sponsors from the opposite party and each member's co-sponsorship of bills by members of the opposite party).[73]

    In 2022, Cooper was one of 16 Democrats to vote against the Merger Filing Fee Modernization Act of 2022, an antitrust package that would crack down on corporations for anti-competitive behavior.[74][75]

    Committee assignments

    Caucus memberships

    • Blue Dog Coalition[77]
    • New Democrat Coalition[78]
    • Congressional Skin Cancer Caucus (Co-Chair)
    • Congressional Wire Products Caucus (Co-Chair)
    • Fix Congress Now Caucus (Co-Chair)
    • 21st Century Healthcare Caucus
    • Bipartisan Disabilities Caucus/Disabilities Advisory Caucus
    • Congressional Arts Caucus
    • Congressional HBCU Caucus
    • Kurdish American Caucus
    • National Guard and Reserve Components Caucus
    • Servicewomen and Women Veterans Congressional Caucus
    • Bipartisan Task Force Combating Anti-Semitism
    • Gun Violence Prevention Task Force[79]

    Personal life

    Cooper with his wife Martha

    Cooper was married to Martha Bryan Hays, an ornithologist, from 1985 until her death from Alzheimer's disease in 2021 at age 66.[6][80] They had three children.[81] His daughter Mary was the student body president at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.[82] Cooper's son Jamie graduated from the University of Georgia, and his son Hayes graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and is completing his M.F.A. in poetry at Vanderbilt University.

    Cooper's brother John served as mayor of Nashville from 2019 to 2023 and formerly served on the Metropolitan Council of Nashville and Davidson County.[83]

    Cooper married Mary Beltz Falls in March 2022.[84]

    Electoral history

    Election results
    Year Office Subject Party Votes % Opponent Party Votes %
    1982 U.S. Representative Jim Cooper Democratic 93,453 66.1 Cissy Baker Republican 47,865 33.9%
    1984 U.S. Representative Jim Cooper Democratic 93,848 75.2% James Beau Seigneur Republican 31,011 24.8%
    1986 U.S. Representative Jim Cooper Democratic 86,997 100.0%
    1988 U.S. Representative Jim Cooper Democratic 94,129 100.0%
    1990 U.S. Representative Jim Cooper Democratic 52,101 67.4% Claiborne Sanders Republican 26,424 29.6% Gene M. Bullington Independent 3,793 3.0%
    1992 U.S. Representative Jim Cooper Democratic 98,984 64.6% James Beau Seigneur Republican 50,340 32.9% Ginnia C. Fox Independent 3,970 2.5% Kieven Parks Independent 1,210 1.0%
    1994 U.S. Senator Jim Cooper Democratic 565,930 38.6% Fred Thompson Republican 885,998 60.4%
    2002 U.S. Representative Jim Cooper Democratic 108,903 63.7% Robert Duvall Republican 56,825 33.3% John Jay Hooker Independent 3,063 1.8% Jonathan Farley Independent 1,205 1.0% Jesse Turner Independent 877 1.0%
    2004 U.S. Representative Jim Cooper Democratic 168,970 69.3% Scott Knapp Republican 74,978 30.7%
    2006 U.S. Representative Jim Cooper Democratic 122,919 68.9% Tom Kovach Republican 49,702 28.0% Virginia Welsch Independent 3,766 2.1% Scott Knapp Independent 1,755 1.0%
    2008 U.S. Representative Jim Cooper Democratic 181,467 65.9% Gerard Donovan Republican 85,471 31.0% Jon Jackson Independent 5,464 2.0% John Miglietta Green 3,196 1.0%
    2010 U.S. Representative Jim Cooper Democratic 99,162 56.2% David Hall Republican 74,204 42.1%
    2012 U.S. Representative Jim Cooper Democratic 171,621 65.2% Brad Staats Republican 86,240 32.8% John Miglietta Green 5,222 2.0%
    2014 U.S. Representative Jim Cooper Democratic 96,148 62.3% Bob Ries Republican 55,078 35.3% Paul Deakin Independent 3,050 6.4%
    2016 U.S. Representative Jim Cooper Democratic 171,111 62.6% Stacy Ries Snyder Republican 102,433 37.4%
    2018 U.S. Representative Jim Cooper Democratic 177,923 67.8% Jody Ball Republican 84,317 32.2%
    2020 U.S. Representative Jim Cooper Democratic 50,752 57.1% Keeda Haynes Democratic 35,472 39.9 Joshua Rawlings Democratic 2,681 3.0%
    2020 U.S. Representative Jim Cooper Democratic 252,155 100.0%

    References

    1. 1 2 "Members". Blue Dog Coalition. Archived from the original on June 30, 2019. Retrieved February 7, 2018.
    2. ↑ Nocera, Joe (September 6, 2011). "Opinion | The Last Moderate". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 1, 2022.
    3. ↑ Renkl, Margaret (January 31, 2022). "Opinion | Republicans 'Have Chosen to Wreck the Nashville District'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 1, 2022.
    4. ↑ Dobie, Bruce. "Jim Cooper Runs Again". Nashville Scene. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved August 12, 2010.
    5. ↑ "About Jim". Official campaign site. Archived from the original on October 1, 2010. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
    6. 1 2 "REP. JIM COOPER OF TENNESSEE IS WED TO MARTHA BRYAN HAYS, ORNITHOLOGIST". The New York Times. April 7, 1985. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
    7. ↑ "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: River Side Farmhouse". National Park Service. United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
    8. ↑ "National Register of Historic Places Inventory--Nomination Form: Gov. Prentice Cooper House". National Park Service. United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
    9. ↑ "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Absalom Lowe Landis House". National Park Service. United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
    10. ↑ Cooper, James H.S. "Jim" (Fall 2012). "Is Congress Broken? Grotonians Explain What's Wrong — and How Legislators Could Fix It: Why Congress Needs Groton" (PDF). Groton School Quarterly. Groton School. LXXIV (3): 20–21. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
    11. ↑ Bumiller, Elisabeth (December 24, 1982). "Young and Restless". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 9, 2017.
    12. ↑ "Jim Cooper (D-Tenn.)". The Washington Post. December 21, 2011. Archived from the original on March 11, 2016.
    13. ↑ "The House: Political Genes and Reaganomics". Time. October 4, 1982. Archived from the original on December 6, 2008.
    14. ↑ Brooks, David (February 5, 2008). "The Cooper Concerns". The New York Times. Retrieved February 2, 2008.
    15. ↑ "FINAL VOTE RESULTS FOR ROLL CALL 123". Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives. May 22, 1990. Retrieved February 2, 2008.
    16. ↑ Secter, Bob (April 11, 1986). "Victory Spotlights Power, Strategy of NRA Lobbyists". Los Angeles Times.
    17. ↑ Cooper, Jim (November 11, 1991). "New Monopolies From Old". The New York Times.
    18. ↑ Franklin, Ben A. (April 22, 1988). "House Panel Assails Approval of T.V.A. Reactor". The New York Times.
    19. ↑ "Cooper-Breaux Health Reform Plan". C-span.org. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
    20. ↑ Cooper, Jim (Summer 2008). "Electric Co-operatives: From New Deal to Bad Deal?" (PDF). Harvard Journal on Legislation. Summer 2008: 335–375.
    21. ↑ "Rep. Jim Cooper to teach in Vanderbilt's Healthcare MBA Program".
    22. ↑ "Dark Horse John Arriola trudges uphill in the 5th District congressional race". Nashvillescene.com. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
    23. ↑ McCutcheon, Michael; Barone, Chuck (2013). 2014 Almanac of American Politics. The University of Chicago Press.
    24. ↑ George, Stephen (November 2, 2010). "Democrat Rep. Cooper easily wins re-election". Nashville CityPaper. Archived from the original on September 3, 2012. Retrieved April 10, 2012.
    25. ↑ Sisk, Chas. Jim Cooper, Karl Dean say redistricting could divide Nashville into three parts. The Tennessean, August 29, 2011.
    26. ↑ "2014 Election Results Senate: Map by State, Live Midterm Voting Updates". Politico. November 8, 2016.
    27. ↑ Ebert, Joel (July 12, 2020). "For first time in a decade, US Rep. Jim Cooper faces Democratic primary challenge". The Tennessean. Retrieved January 26, 2022.
    28. ↑ Elliot, Stephen (June 23, 2020). "Brenda Gilmore Backs Keeda Haynes in Congressional Race". Nashville Scene. Retrieved January 26, 2022.
    29. ↑ Elliot, Stephen (May 28, 2020). "Former presidential candidate endorses Cooper challenger". Nashville Post.
    30. ↑ Jeong, Yihyun (August 6, 2020). "US Rep. Jim Cooper holds onto congressional seat in first contested primary in a decade". The Tennessean. Retrieved January 26, 2022.
    31. ↑ "The Golden Goose Award - History".
    32. ↑ "The Golden Goose Award Honors Rep. Jim Cooper". YouTube.
    33. ↑ Sutton, Caroline (January 25, 2022). "US Rep. Jim Cooper announces he will not seek reelection in 2022". News Channel 5 Nashville. Retrieved January 25, 2022.
    34. ↑ Lamb, Jason (January 24, 2022). "House Republicans approve congressional redistricting plan". WTVF-TV. Nashville. Retrieved January 25, 2022.
    35. ↑ "Members". New Democrat Coalition. Archived from the original on February 8, 2018. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
    36. ↑ Rodgers, John (July 18, 2008). "Cooper says Obama best choice to reform America". The City Paper. Archived from the original on August 2, 2008. Retrieved March 18, 2009.
    37. ↑ Theobald, Bill (January 28, 2009). "Cooper one of few Democrats to vote against stimulus plan". WBIR-TV. Gannett News Service. Retrieved February 2, 2009.
    38. ↑ Theobald, Bill (February 14, 2009). "Cooper changes vote, backs final stimulus bill". The Tennessean. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
    39. ↑ Stern, Christopher (May 6, 2009). "'Blue Dog' Democrats Ask for Billions in Spending". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved May 11, 2009.
    40. ↑ Theobald, Bill (July 5, 2009). "Oak Ridge tops list of TN senators' special requests". WBIR-TV. Gannett.
    41. ↑ "The Doctors of the House". Wall Street Journal. March 21, 2010.
    42. ↑ Levy, Collin (January 17, 2009). "The Weekend Interview with Jim Cooper". Wall Street Journal.
    43. ↑ "Interview: A Misrepresented Deficit". PBS.
    44. ↑ Berman, Russell (July 19, 2011). "Five Blue Dogs join GOP in vote for 'cut, cap and balance' bill". The Hill. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
    45. ↑ Bill H.R.3261; GovTrack.us;
    46. ↑ Nocera, Kate. "'Fix Congress Now' rallies around Cooper's 'No Budget, No Pay Act'", Politico, May 16, 2012. Retrieved on November 8, 2012.
    47. ↑ Weigant, Chris. "No Budget, No Pay Act", The Huffington Post, March 14, 2012. Retrieved on November 9, 2012.
    48. ↑ Cunningham, Paige W. "2-party Group Puts Pay on Line in Get Budget Passed in House", The Washington Times, May 16, 2012. Retrieved on November 9, 2012.
    49. ↑ Weisman, Jonathan (April 3, 2012). "Budget Plan's Defeat Shows Hurdles to Compromise". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
    50. ↑ "First Golden Goose Awards Given for Seemingly Odd—but High-Impact—Research | American Association for the Advancement of Science". Aaas.org. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
    51. ↑ Congressional Record "Roll Call Vote 23", Clerk of the House, January 15, 2013. Retrieved on August 28, 2017.
    52. ↑ "FINAL VOTE RESULTS FOR ROLL CALL 2". Clerk.house.gov. Retrieved July 4, 2022.
    53. ↑ "FINAL VOTE RESULTS FOR ROLL CALL 2". Clerk.house.gov. Retrieved July 4, 2022.
    54. ↑ "FINAL VOTE RESULTS FOR ROLL CALL 2". Clerk.house.gov. Retrieved July 4, 2022.
    55. ↑ "FINAL VOTE RESULTS FOR ROLL CALL 581". Clerk.house.gov. Retrieved July 4, 2022.
    56. ↑ "FINAL VOTE RESULTS FOR ROLL CALL 2". Clerk.house.gov. Retrieved July 4, 2022.
    57. ↑ "Nancy Pelosi elected House Speaker | FULL VOTE - YouTube". Retrieved January 4, 2021 – via YouTube.
    58. ↑ "Pelosi wins tight race for House speaker". ABC News. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
    59. ↑ Smith, Marcia (September 27, 2018). "ROGERS, COOPER REJECT GOLD PLATING OF SPACE CORPS". SpacePolicyOnline.com. Retrieved January 29, 2021.
    60. ↑ Erwin, Sandra (December 11, 2019). "Space Force proponents in Congress warn Air Force: 'We will watch you like a hawk'". SpaceNews. Retrieved January 29, 2021.
    61. ↑ "Trump Impeachment Vote Results: Who Voted for and Against in the House". Business Insider.
    62. ↑ "Impeachment Results: How Democrats and Republicans Voted". New York Times. January 13, 2021. Retrieved January 26, 2022.
    63. ↑ "Defense of 'Maus' erupts online after McMinn County schools remove it from curriculum". Yahoo. January 28, 2022.
    64. ↑ "Updating Space Doctrine: How to Avoid World War III". War on the Rocks. July 23, 2021. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
    65. ↑ Albon, Courtney (December 2022). "How the Space Development Agency 'could have died any number of ways'".
    66. ↑ "Let's Correct a Misperception About Nuclear Modernization". Defense One. March 29, 2022. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
    67. ↑ Cooper, Jim (Fourth Quarter 2009). "Real Acquisition Reform" (PDF). Joint Forces Quarterly: 59–65.
    68. 1 2 3 Lawrence Lessig (February 8, 2010). "How to Get Our Democracy Back". CBS News, The Nation. Retrieved December 14, 2011. Part of the economy of influence that corrupts our government today is that Capitol Hill has become, as Representative Jim Cooper put it, a "farm league for K Street."
    69. ↑ Lawrence Lessig (November 16, 2011). "Republic, Lost: How Money Corrupts Congress—and a Plan to Stop It". YouTube. Retrieved December 13, 2011. (see 30:13 minutes into the video)
    70. ↑ "Fixing Congress". Boston Review. Retrieved April 8, 2022.
    71. ↑ "Congressman Cooper: 'My colleagues are misbehaving'". marketplace.org. July 15, 2011.
    72. ↑ Marin Cogan (July 15, 2011). "In debt talks, moderate Dems resist deal-maker role". Politico.
    73. ↑ The Lugar Center - McCourt School Bipartisan Index (PDF), The Lugar Center, March 7, 2016, retrieved April 30, 2017
    74. ↑ "House passes antitrust bill that hikes M&A fees as larger efforts targeting tech have stalled". CNBC. September 29, 2022.
    75. ↑ "H.R. 3843: Merger Filing Fee Modernization Act of 2022 -- House Vote #460 -- Sep 29, 2022".
    76. ↑ "Committee Assignments". Congressman Jim Cooper. December 13, 2012. Retrieved November 18, 2019.
    77. ↑ "Members". Blue Dog Coalition. Archived from the original on June 30, 2019. Retrieved December 23, 2018.
    78. ↑ "Leadership | New Democrat Coalition". newdemocratcoalition.house.gov. Retrieved March 29, 2021.
    79. ↑ "Caucuses, Coalitions and Task Forces". Congressman Jim Cooper. August 22, 2013. Retrieved November 18, 2019.
    80. ↑ Morris, Chuck. "Martha Cooper, wife of Rep. Jim Cooper, dies after battle with Alzheimer's Disease". Wsmv.com. Retrieved February 21, 2021.
    81. ↑ "Congressman Jim Cooper". Official U.S. House website. Retrieved January 1, 2010.
    82. ↑ "SBP Candidate Mary Cooper Primed for Politics". The Daily Tar Heel. February 3, 2011.
    83. ↑ Rua, Nate (September 13, 2019). "How John Cooper will assume the Nashville mayor's office in an unprecedented transition of power". The Tennessean. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
    84. ↑ Morris, Chuck (March 14, 2022). "Rep. Jim Cooper announces marriage". Wsmv.com. Retrieved March 14, 2022.
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