John Slayton was one of the Socialist Party of America's prominent faces in the decade of the 1910s.

John W. Slayton (1863–1935) was an American socialist lecturer and politician. He is best remembered as one of the Socialist Party of America's leading propagandists in the Eastern United States during the decade of the 1910s.

Biography

Early years

John W. Slayton was born in January 1863 in Virginia.[1] He was unable to read until the age of 13 and attended a total of only 15 months of school in a rural log school house.[2] Instead, Slayton developed himself through self-education, studying in his spare time.[2]

Slayton was a carpenter by trade and a member of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners.[3]

Slayton moved to New Castle, Pennsylvania, in 1900, where he served for a time as the business agent of the local Building Trades unions.[3] He remained an active member of the Carpenters Union, attending many of the group's national conventions and serving as its delegate to four national conventions of the American Federation of Labor.[3]

Political career

Socialist Party activists Slayton and Mrs. A.J. Meng address strikers during the 1909 McKees Rocks Strike.

John W. Slayton was a pioneer American socialist, a member of the Social Democratic Party of America in the late 1890s. Slayton's first foray into electoral politics came in 1900, when he ran for U.S. Congress on the Social Democratic ticket.[1]

When the Chicago-based Social Democratic Party to which Slayton owed his allegiance united with an Eastern-based organization of the same name which had defected from the Socialist Labor Party in 1901, Slayton joined the new organization, known as the Socialist Party of America (SPA). In 1903 Slayton was employed by the Socialist Party as one of its "National Lecturers" and took to the road throughout the East and Midwest speaking on socialist themes on behalf of the party.[4]

In 1905, Slayton served as campaign manager for Walter Tyler in his race for Mayor of New Castle. Tyler won the contest, making New Castle the first town in Pennsylvania to have a Socialist at the head of its civic administration.[3] Slayton was himself later elected to the New Castle city council.[3]

Slayton was a leader of the 1909 McKees Rocks Strike,[2] a work stoppage by 6,000 steel car workers that, on August 22, the strikers initiated violence, resulted in the death of sixteen people, including the deputy sheriff, two state troopers, and three strikers.[5]

Slayton was a delegate to the National Convention of the Socialist Party held in Chicago in May 1908.[6] He was also elected a delegate from Pennsylvania to the so-called "National Congress" of the Socialist Party held in May 1910.[7]

Slayton helped finance his two speaking tours of America with the sale of self-published pamphlets.

In the fall of 1910, Slayton stood as the candidate of the Socialist Party for Governor of Pennsylvania. Slayton received over 9600 votes in the race, good enough for a third-place finish in Allegany County, although well behind the 48,000 garnered by the winning candidate, Republican John K. Tener.[8] However, due to the fact that the Democratic vote was split between a "Keystone Reform" candidate and the candidate of the regular Democratic Party, the Democrats finished fourth in Allegany County.[8] Under Pennsylvania state law, this gave the Socialist Party the third line on the state ballot and a quota of watchers at the polls to which the Democrats ordinarily would have been entitled, thus making fraudulent undercounting of the Socialist vote more difficult in the future.[8]

In 1916, Slayton was a candidate for the governing National Executive Committee of the Socialist Party, but he was eliminated from consideration after the first ballot. He received 2,714 votes in the referendum of party members, finishing just 23rd of 31 candidates.[9]

Slayton ran for Congress a second time in 1924, standing as a Socialist in the state's 35th District.[1] Two years later, he made a second attempt at becoming Pennsylvania's Governor, again on the Socialist Party ticket.[1]

Despite his various political candidacies, Slayton is best remembered as having been one of the Socialist Party's team of professional touring agitators — individuals who would be booked through the National Office of the SPA to deliver speeches or engage in public debates, which were akin to a spectator sport in the era before radio, television, or motion pictures. During the course of his career as a public speaker, Slayton toured the breadth of the United States twice, speaking in 46 of the 48 states and defending the Socialist position in 132 debates.[3]

Death and legacy

John Slayton died on June 5, 1935, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, at the age of 72. He was remembered at the time of his death for being "nationally known as an impressive and eloquent speaker."[3]

Slayton was survived by a wife, four daughters, and a son.

Footnotes

  1. 1 2 3 4 Lawrence Kestenbaum (ed.), "John W. Slayton," politicalgraveyard.com Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  2. 1 2 3 L.E. Katterfeld, "Able Talent in Array of Lyceum Course Speakers: Forceful Organizers and Entertainers Sure to Please All," Chicago Daily Socialist, vol. 5, no. 59 (January 4, 1911), pg. 5.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Warrior Passes: John W. Slayton Dies; Funeral Service Sunday," Reading Labor Advocate, vol. 37, no. 45 (June 7, 1935), pp. 1, 5.
  4. ↑ A notice issued to the party press by SPA Executive Secretary William Mailly in June 1903 noted that "Many letters of commendation have been received endorsing the work of Comrades who are working under the direction of this office. Secretary Nick of the Columbus (Ohio) local writes: 'The Columbus Comrades wish to extend to you their heartfelt thanks for sending them such an able speaker as J.W. Slayton proved to be. The delegates to the state convention were pleased with his clear exposition of class-conscious Socialism. I think, personally, that Comrade Slayton is one of the best speakers on the platform. Keep him on the road.'" See: William Mailly, "National Headquarter News," June 13, 1903. The Socialist [Seattle], whole no. 150 (June 21, 1903), pg. 3.
  5. ↑ "More Troops Desired at Schoenville". New Castle (PA) Times. 23 August 1909. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
  6. ↑ "Delegates to the 1908 National Convention of the Socialist Party," Early American Marxism website. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  7. ↑ "Delegates to the 1910 'Congress' of the Socialist Party of America," Early American Marxism website. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  8. 1 2 3 "Amazed by Socialist Vote: Democrats Lose Their Place on Official Ballot at Pittsburg." New York Times, November 20, 1910.
  9. ↑ "Choose Hillquit and Berger on First Ballot," The American Socialist,v. 2, no. 36, whole no. 176 (March 16, 1916), pg. 3.

Works

  • Criminology, Crimes and Criminals. Reading, PA: John W. Slayton, 1910.
  • Props to Capitalism. Allegheny, PA: John W. Slayton, n.d. (c. 1910).
  • The United States Constitution: A "Class" Document. McKeesport, PA: John W. Slayton, c. 1910.
  • Socialism: The Old Red Flag of Peace, Industry, and Universal Brotherhood. Pittsburgh, PA: John W. Slayton, 1919.
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