Jonathan Turley
Turley in 2022
Born (1961-05-06) May 6, 1961[1]
Chicago, Illinois[2]
Spouse
Leslie Turley
​
(m. 1997)​
Academic background
EducationUniversity of Chicago (BA)
Northwestern University (JD)
Academic work
DisciplineLaw
Sub-disciplineConstitutional law, tort law, criminal law, legal theory
InstitutionsGeorge Washington University
Websitejonathanturley.org

Jonathan Turley is an American attorney, legal scholar, writer, commentator, and legal analyst in broadcast and print journalism.[3] A professor at George Washington University Law School, he has testified in United States congressional proceedings about constitutional and statutory issues. He has also testified in multiple impeachment hearings and removal trials in Congress, including the impeachment of President Bill Clinton and both the first and second impeachments of President Donald Trump.[4][5] Turley is a First Amendment advocate and writes frequently on free speech restrictions in the private and public sectors.[6][7][8] Turley is a Fox News contributor.[9] He is the author of The Indispensable Right: Free Speech in the Age of Rage (Simon & Schuster 2024).[10]

As an attorney, Turley has worked on notable cases in civil rights defense including the defense of Dr. Sami Al-Arian, NSA whistleblower David Faulk, protesters at the World Bank/IMF demonstrations in 2000, and the Brown family in their challenge to Utah polygamy laws. Turley has also served as counsel on prominent Federal cases including the defense of Area 51 workers, and as lead counsel in the 2014 challenge to the Affordable Care Act.

Early life and education

Turley grew up in Chicago as the youngest of five children. His father, John (Jack) Turley was an international architect, partner at Skidmore, Owens, and Merrill, and the former associate of famed modernist architect Mies van der Rohe. Turley has written about his father's influence on his constitutional theories.[11] His mother, Angela Piazza Turley, was a social worker and activist who was the former president of Jane Addams Hull-House in Chicago. He is of Irish and Italian ancestry.[12]

Turley served as a House leadership page in 1977 and 1978 under the sponsorship of Illinois Democrat Sidney Yates.[13]

He received a bachelor's degree from the University of Chicago in 1983, and a Juris Doctor degree from Northwestern University School of Law in 1987. He served as Executive Articles Editor of Northwestern University Law Review.

During the Reagan Administration, Turley worked as an intern with the general counsel’s office of the National Security Agency (NSA).[14][15]

Career

Testifying to Congress, 2007

Turley holds the Shapiro Chair for Public Interest Law at The George Washington University Law School, where he teaches torts, criminal procedure, and constitutional law. He is the youngest person to receive an academic chair in the school's history. He runs the Project for Older Prisoners (POP),[16][17] the Environmental Law Clinic, and the Environmental Legislation Project.[18]

Prior to joining George Washington University, he was on the faculty of Tulane University Law School.[18]

His articles on legal and policy issues have appeared in national publications; he has had articles published in The New York Times,[19] The Washington Post,[20] USA Today,[21] the Los Angeles Times,[16] and the Wall Street Journal.[22] He frequently appears in the national media as a commentator on a multitude of subjects[23][24] ranging from the 2000 U.S. presidential election controversy to the Terri Schiavo case in 2005.[25] He often is a guest on Sunday talk shows,[23] with more than two-dozen appearances on Meet the Press, ABC This Week, Face the Nation, and Fox News Sunday. He served as a contributor on Countdown with Keith Olbermann from 2003 until 2011 on MSNBC, and later on Current TV[26] in 2011 and early 2012.

Since the 1990s, he has been a legal analyst for NBC News, CBS News, the BBC and Fox News, covering stories that ranged from the Clinton impeachment to presidential elections.[27][18] He is on the board of contributors of USA Today[28] and is a columnist with The Hill.[29] He is currently a legal analyst with Fox News.[30]

Politics

Turley in 2016

In appearances on Countdown with Keith Olbermann and The Rachel Maddow Show, he called for criminal prosecution of Bush administration officials for war crimes, including torture.[31]

In USA Today in October 2004, he argued for the legalization of polygamy,[32] provoking responses from writers such as Stanley Kurtz.[33][34]

He has opined that the Supreme Court is injecting itself into partisan politics.[35] He frequently has expressed the view that recent nominees to the court hold extreme views.[36][37]

In October 2006, in an interview by Keith Olbermann of MSNBC, he expressed strong disapproval of the Military Commissions Act of 2006.[38] Commenting on the Military Commissions Act of 2006, which he contends does away with habeas corpus, Turley says, "It's something that no one thought—certainly I didn't think—was possible in the United States. And I am not too sure how we got to this point. But people clearly don't realize what a fundamental change it is about who we are as a country. What happened today changed us."[38]

When the U.S. Senate was about to vote on Michael Mukasey for U.S. attorney general, Turley said, "The attorney general nominee's evasive remarks on 'water-boarding' should disqualify him from the job."[39] On the treatment of terrorism suspect José Padilla, Turley says, "The treatment of Padilla ranks as one of the most serious abuses after 9/11... This is a case that would have shocked the Framers. This is precisely what many of the drafters of the Constitution had in mind when they tried to create a system of checks and balances." Turley considers the case of great import on the grounds that "Padilla's treatment by the military could happen to others."[40]

Turley has said, "It is hard to read the Second Amendment and not honestly conclude that the Framers intended gun ownership to be an individual right."[41]

When Congressional Democrats asked the Justice Department to investigate the CIA's destruction of terrorist interrogation tapes Turley said, "these are very serious allegations, that raise as many as six identifiable crimes ranging from contempt of Congress, to contempt of Justice, to perjury, to false statements."[42]

Turley disagrees with the theory that dealing with bullies is just a part of growing up, claiming that they are "no more a natural part of learning than is parental abuse a natural part of growing up" and believes that "litigation could succeed in forcing schools to take bullying more seriously".[43]

He has written extensively in opposition to the death penalty, noting, "Human error remains a principal cause of botched executions... eventually society will be forced to deal directly with a fundamental moral question: Has death itself become the intolerable element of the death penalty?"[44]

He is a critic of special treatment for the church in law, asking why there are laws that "expressly exempt faith-based actions that result in harm."[45]

On October 11, 2016, Libertarian Party candidate for President, Gary Johnson, announced that if he was elected President, Turley would be one of his two top choices for the Supreme Court seat that remained open following the death of Justice Antonin Scalia.[46] Turley has been repeatedly named as a top pick for the Court by libertarian presidential candidates, including in 2020.[47]

In a 2017 column for The Hill, Turley was critical of military intervention in the Middle East and questioned its constitutionality. He also mentioned that he supported the Supreme Court nomination of Neil Gorsuch.[48]

In the wake of the 2020 U.S. presidential election, Turley argued that, despite his doubts that fraud existed, Americans should welcome the involvement of the courts to vet and validate the election results.[49]

Obama administration views

In another commentary, Turley defended Judge Henry E. Hudson's ruling declaring the individual mandate in health insurance unconstitutional for violating the Commerce Clause of the Constitution: "It's very thoughtful—not a screed. I don't see any evidence this is motivated by Judge Hudson's personal beliefs... Anybody who's dismissing this opinion as a political screed has obviously not read the opinion."[50]

Turley described U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder in an op-ed as President Barack Obama's sin-eater, writing:

For Obama, there has been no better sin eater than Holder. When the president promised CIA employees early in his first term that they would not be investigated for torture, it was the attorney general who shielded officials from prosecution. When the Obama administration decided it would expand secret and warrantless surveillance, it was Holder who justified it. When the president wanted the authority to kill any American he deemed a threat without charge or trial, it was Holder who went public to announce the "kill list" policy. Last week, the Justice Department confirmed that it was Holder who personally approved the equally abusive search of Fox News correspondent James Rosen's e-mail and phone records in another story involving leaked classified information. In the 2010 application for a secret warrant, the Obama administration named Rosen as "an aider and abettor and/or co-conspirator" to the leaking of classified materials. The Justice Department even investigated Rosen's parents' telephone number, and Holder was there to justify every attack on the news media.[51]

In a December 2013 congressional hearing, responding to a question from Rep. Bob Goodlatte (R-VA) about presidential power in the Obama administration, Turley said:

The danger is quite severe. The problem with what the president is doing is that he's not simply posing a danger to the constitutional system. He's becoming the very danger the Constitution was designed to avoid. That is the concentration of power in every single branch. This Newtonian orbit that the three branches exist in is a delicate one but it is designed to prevent this type of concentration. There is [sic] two trends going on which should be of equal concern to all members of Congress. One is that we have had the radical expansion of presidential powers under both President Bush and President Obama. We have what many once called an imperial presidency model of largely unchecked authority. And with that trend we also have the continued rise of this fourth branch. We have agencies that are quite large that issue regulations. The Supreme Court said recently that agencies could actually define their own or interpret their own jurisdiction.[52]

On November 21, 2014, Turley agreed to represent House Speaker John Boehner and the Republican Party in a suit filed against the Obama administration alleging unconstitutional implementation of the Affordable Care Act, specifically the individual mandate.[53] In 2016, the federal court ruled that the Obama Administration violated the separation of powers in ordering billions to be paid to insurance companies without an appropriation of Congress.[54]

Testimony before Congress

The conceptual thread running through many of the issues taken on by Turley is that they involve claims of executive privilege. For example, he said that the president's claim of executive authority based on Article Two "would put our system on a slippery slope."[55] He has argued against national security exceptions to fundamental constitutional rights.[36][56]

He is a frequent witness before the House and Senate on constitutional and statutory issues,[57][58] as well as tort reform legislation.[18]

Turley has testified regularly during national controversies. He testified at the confirmation hearings of Associate Justice Neil Gorsuch,[59] Attorney General Loretta Lynch,[60] and Attorney General William Barr.[61] He also testified during the Clinton impeachment hearings.[5] Turley, in his capacity as a constitutional scholar,[62] testified in favor of the Clinton impeachment.[63][64] He was quoted extensively by congressman James Rogan during the impeachment of Bill Clinton.[65]

Turley also testified in Congress against President Bush's warrantless domestic surveillance program and was lead counsel in a case challenging it. In regard to warrantless wiretaps he noted that, "Judge Anna Diggs Taylor chastised the government for a flagrant abuse of the Constitution and, in a direct message to the president, observed that there are no hereditary kings in America."[66]

Views on Trump impeachments

On December 4, 2019, Turley testified before the House Judiciary Committee regarding the constitutional grounds for presidential impeachment in the impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump, arguing against a Trump impeachment.[4][67][68][69] In his testimony, Turley objected to the effort to craft articles of impeachment around four criminal allegations: bribery, extortion, obstruction of justice, and campaign finance violations.[70] He argued that the evidence did not meet the standard definitions of those crimes, contrary to the testimony of the three Democratic witnesses that such legal definitions have always been used as a measure for impeachment deliberations.[70] Turley objected to the lower of the impeachment standards to "fit a paucity of evidence and an abundance of anger."[71] The Committee ultimately rejected all four of those articles and adopted the two that Turley argued could be legitimate if proven: abuse of power and obstruction of Congress.[72] Where the Committee departed from the testimony was the rejection of Turley's call for more time to develop a more complete record rather than fulfill a promise to impeach by Christmas—an issue that was rekindled by the delay in the submission of the articles to the Senate as new evidence emerged in 2020.[73]

It was observed that his prior reasoning for the impeachment of President Bill Clinton contradicted the opinions he shared against the impeachment of President Donald Trump.[67][68][69] Turley sought to clarify his positions regarding the two impeachments the next day in an op-ed.[74] Turley noted that in both hearings he stressed that a president could be impeached for non-criminal acts, including abuse of power, and House Judiciary Chairman Jerry Nadler ended the Trump impeachment hearings by quoting him to that effect. He has noted that the only disagreement was the sufficiency of the record and his calling on House to issue subpoenas for key witnesses like former national security adviser John Bolton.[74] The push for additional time was due in part to Turley's concern that the House was going to impeach a president for going to the courts rather than yielding to congressional demands for witnesses and documents.[75] Given the short period of investigation, Turley objected that such a move would effectively make seeking judicial review as high crime and misdemeanor. He noted that both Presidents Richard Nixon and Bill Clinton were able to go all the way to the Supreme Court on their challenges before impeachment.[76] While Turley told the Committee that such judicial opinions were not required to impeach on obstruction, the abbreviated period of investigation undermined the foundation of that article.[77]

Turley was cited by both the White House and House managers in their arguments before the United States Senate in the Trump impeachment trial.[78] During the trial, Turley opposed the White House argument that impeachment requires a criminal allegation.[79] Turley wrote in the Washington Post that "If some of the president’s critics are adopting a far too broad understanding of impeachable offenses, the White House is adopting a far too narrow one."[80]

After the second impeachment of Donald Trump he said there could not be a trial after Trump left office.[81] Turley's views were also cited on the House floor in the second impeachment of President Donald Trump in January 2021, particularly his opposition to what he called a "snap impeachment."[82] Turley opposed the decision to forego any hearing to consider the implications of such a rapid impeachment, consider changes to the language, and allow for a formal response from President Trump.[83] While Turley said that Trump's conduct could amount to impeachable conduct, he expressed reservations over the specific language of the article on free speech grounds.[83] He condemned Trump's speech before the riot on Twitter when it was still being given and opposed the challenge to the electoral votes from the outset.[84] He argued for a bipartisan, bicameral vote of censure to condemn Trump for the harm that he caused the nation with his speech.[84] Turley declined to represent President Trump[85] but did speak to Republican senators before both the first Trump trial[86] and the second Trump trial.[87]

Awards

Turley was ranked as 38th in the top 100 most cited "public intellectuals" (and second most cited law professor) in a 2001 study by Judge Richard Posner of intellectuals referenced in the media and public debates.[88]

In 2005, Turley was given the Columnist of the Year award for Single-Issue Advocacy for his columns on civil liberties by the Aspen Institute[18] and The Week magazine.[89]

In 2008 he was awarded an honorary doctorate of law from John Marshall Law School in recognition of his career as an advocate of civil liberties and constitutional rights.[90]

He was ranked among the nation's top 500 lawyers in 2008.[91] Turley was found to be the second most cited law professor in the country as well as being ranked as one of the top ten military lawyers.[18]

In 2008 his blog was ranked as the top law professor blog and legal theory blog by the American Bar Association Journal survey of the top 100 blogs.[92][93] His work with older prisoners has been honored in various states, including his selection as the 2011 recipient of the Dr. Mary Ann Quaranta Elder Justice Award at Fordham University.[27] He has also been ranked in the top five most popular law professors on Twitter.[94]  He has received other awards including the James Madison award and was declared one of four university fellows at the Utah Valley University in 2019.[27]

Prominent cases

Turley has served as counsel in notable cases; representing whistleblowers, military personnel, and a wide range of other clients in national security, environmental, and constitutional law cases. His cases as lead counsel have secured decisions striking down both a federal and a state law,[27] among them:

  • Larry Hanauer, a House Intelligence Committee staff member falsely accused of leaking classified information to The New York Times[95]
  • David Faulk, a whistleblower who revealed abuses at NSA's Fort Gordon surveillance programs[96]
  • Dr. Eric Foretich,[58] in overturning the Elizabeth Morgan Act in 2003[97]
  • Former Judge Thomas Porteous's impeachment trial defense[57] Turley characterized Porteous's chronic bribe-taking as merely being a "moocher", convicted on four articles of impeachment, removed as judge by a Senate vote of 94-2[98][99]
  • Defendants in terrorism cases, including Ali al-Tamimi (the alleged head of the Virginia Jihad/Paintball conspiracy)-[100] On September 1, 2020, a federal court found that his challenges to his conviction had merit and ordered his release to Turley at Supermax in Colorado to drive back to Virginia to avoid risks of Covid-19.[101]
  • Area 51 workers at a secret air base in Nevada.[102][103]
  • Lead counsel in the litigation over the mass arrests at the World Bank/IMF protests in Washington.[104]
  • Turley represented the Rocky Flats grand jury in Colorado[105]
  • Turley testified on December 4, 2019, regarding the impeachment inquiry of President Donald Trump, regarding constitutional issues not supporting the impeachment of Trump.[106]
  • Turley filed a challenge to the Libyan War on behalf of ten members of Congress. The lawsuit was before the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.[107]

Personal life

Turley married his wife, Leslie, in 1997. They have four children.[108][109]

Swatting

On December 29, 2023, Turley was targetted as part of the 2023 swatting attempts of American politicians.[110]

References

  1. ↑ "Jonathan Turley - Res ipso loquitur ("The thing itself speaks")". Library of Congress.
  2. ↑ "Jonathan Turley". August 8, 2023.
  3. ↑ Sullivan, Eileen; Savage, Charlie (December 4, 2019). "Who Is Jonathan Turley? Republicans' Lone Expert on Impeachment". New York Times. Archived from the original on October 11, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2021.
  4. 1 2 Coleman, Justine (December 4, 2019). "GOP witness to say Trump impeachment would set a 'dangerous precedent'". The Hill. Archived from the original on December 4, 2019. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
  5. 1 2 "Clinton Impeachment Testimony: House Judiciary Committee". JONATHAN TURLEY. August 20, 2007. Archived from the original on December 6, 2019. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
  6. ↑ Turley, Jonathan. "Cancel culture came for Clarence Thomas at George Washington law. Now, he's stepped aside". USA Today. Retrieved December 14, 2022.
  7. ↑ Jonathan Turley, opinion contributor (April 26, 2022). "Our digital town square: An easy solution for Musk to restore free speech to Twitter". The Hill. Retrieved December 14, 2022. {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  8. ↑ Jonathan Turley, opinion contributor (November 26, 2022). "No joke: Supreme Court case could take a big bite out of the First Amendment". The Hill. Retrieved December 14, 2022. {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  9. ↑ "Jonathan Hurley". Fox News. September 16, 2023.
  10. ↑ Turley, Jonathan (June 18, 2024). The Indispensable Right. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9781668047040.
  11. ↑ George Washington Law Review (2015). "Madisonian Tectonics: How Form Follows Function In Constitutional and Architectural Interpretation" (PDF) (Volume 83): 305–378. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. ↑ "Jonathan Turley: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know". December 4, 2019.
  13. ↑ Turley, Jonathan (October 10, 2000). "Farewell to Sidney Yates". Chicago Tribune.
  14. ↑ Turley, Jonathan (February 17, 2014). "Report: NSA Spied On Lawyers In Confidential Communications With Clients". JONATHAN TURLEY. Res ipsa loquitur – The thing itself speaks. Archived from the original on February 1, 2021. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
  15. ↑ Turley, Jonathan (February 24, 2014). "Richard Grenell Achieves A Historic Milestone As Acting Director Of National Intelligence". JONATHAN TURLEY. Res ipsa loquitur – The thing itself speaks. Archived from the original on July 7, 2021. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
  16. 1 2 Release Elderly Inmates Archived November 20, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, by Jonathan Turley, Los Angeles Times, October 7, 2006
  17. ↑ "George Washington University Law School, The Project for Older Prisoners". Archived from the original on April 14, 2011. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Jonathan Turley | GW Law | The George Washington University". www.law.gwu.edu. Archived from the original on July 24, 2021. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
  19. ↑ Get Congress Out of the Page Business Archived November 9, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, by Jonathan Turley, The New York Times, October 4, 2006
  20. ↑ The Free World Bars Free Speech Archived August 13, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, by Jonathan Turley, The Washington Post, April 12, 2009
  21. ↑ Turley, Jonathan (October 4, 2007). "A liberal's lament: The NRA might be right after all". USA Today. Gannett Company. p. A 11. Archived from the original on October 10, 2008. Retrieved September 6, 2012.
  22. ↑ Perjury Isn't a Political Decision Archived November 24, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, by Jonathan Turley, The Wall Street Journal, September 14, 1998
  23. 1 2 Marcus, Ruth (July 30, 1998). "Jonathan Turley Takes His Case to TV". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved September 2, 2017.
  24. ↑ Jonathan Turley at MSNBC Jonathan Turley at MSNBC
  25. ↑ Temptation tops the Constitution Archived May 24, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, USA Today, March 22, 2005
  26. ↑ At New Network, Olbermann Sets Sights on MSNBC Archived March 7, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, June 19, 2011
  27. 1 2 3 4 "Bio". JONATHAN TURLEY. August 18, 2007. Archived from the original on November 11, 2021. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
  28. ↑ USA Today's Board of Contributors Archived June 28, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, USA Today, March 22, 2011
  29. ↑ "Jonathan Turley". The Hill. Archived from the original on February 4, 2021. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
  30. ↑ "Fox News Legal Analyst Says Jan. 6 Hearing Revelations 'Should Disturb Everyone'". Yahoo! News. July 12, 2022. Retrieved December 14, 2022.
  31. ↑ Rachel Maddow Show: Jonathan Turley on War Crimes Archived November 20, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, Video, January 10, 2009
  32. ↑ "Polygamy laws expose our own hypocrisy" Archived June 23, 2021, at the Wayback Machine. USA Today. Published: October 3, 2004.
  33. ↑ "Polygamy vs. Democracy". The Weekly Standard. June 5, 2006.
  34. ↑ "The Floodgates Open: USA Today Promotes Polygamy" Archived December 10, 2019, at the Wayback Machine.
  35. ↑ Scalia to Talk About Constitution to House Members Archived December 13, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Los Angeles Times, January 5, 2011
  36. 1 2 "Troubling Times, a Troubling Nominee Archived May 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine", USA Today, January 9, 2006
  37. ↑ "The Roberts Court: Seeing Is Believing Archived April 12, 2012, at the Wayback Machine", USA Today, July 5, 2006
  38. 1 2 National yawn as our rights evaporate Archived January 29, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, New law redefines habeas corpus law professor explains, Countdown with Keith Olbermann, October 17, 2006
  39. ↑ Mukasey's confirmation: a vote about torture Archived June 22, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Los Angeles Times, October 24, 2007
  40. ↑ In Padilla interrogation, no checks or balances Archived February 11, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, Christian Science Monitor, September 4, 2007
  41. ↑ Turley, Jonathan (October 4, 2007). "A liberal's lament: The NRA might be right after all". USA Today. Gannett Company. p. A 11. Archived from the original on October 10, 2008. Retrieved September 6, 2012.
  42. ↑ CIA, US Justice Dept. to Investigate Destruction of Interrogation Tapes Archived November 20, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, Voice of America News, December 8, 2007
  43. ↑ "Bullying's Day in Court Archived January 26, 2021, at the Wayback Machine", USA Today, July 15, 2008
  44. ↑ The Punishment Fits the Times Archived September 28, 2011, at the Wayback Machine", USA Today, January 16, 2008.
  45. ↑ When a child dies, faith is no defense. Why do courts give believers a pass? Archived February 7, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, The Washington Post, November 16, 2009
  46. ↑ "Gary Johnson Announces His Top 2 SCOTUS Picks". The Libertarian Republic. October 12, 2016. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  47. ↑ "Jo Jorgensen, Libertarian nominee, releases her Supreme Court list". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on October 10, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  48. ↑ Tan, Anjelica (March 29, 2017). "Is America's military effort in the Middle East constitutional?". The Hill. Archived from the original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
  49. ↑ "Jonathan Turley: America should welcome review for close counts". November 7, 2020. Archived from the original on February 21, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
  50. ↑ Health-law judge's prosecutor past Archived March 23, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, by Josh Gerstein, Politico, December 13, 2010
  51. ↑ Turley, Jonathan. "Fire Eric Holder" Archived February 13, 2021, at the Wayback Machine,USA Today, May 29, 2013
  52. ↑ Turley: Obama's "Become The Very Danger The Constitution Was Designed To Avoid" Archived October 20, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, Real Clear Politics, December 5, 2013
  53. ↑ Deirdre Walsh and Dana Bash. "Boehner: House GOP files Obamacare suit - CNNPolitics". CNN. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
  54. ↑ Hsu, Spencer (May 12, 2016). "Judge strikes down Obama health law insurance subsidy in victory for House GOP". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 14, 2020. Retrieved December 4, 2021.
  55. ↑ Legal scholars split on wiretaps Archived December 10, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, The Washington Times, January 17, 2006
  56. ↑ Can Congress stop the war? Archived June 4, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, USA Today, January 17, 2007
  57. 1 2 Senate takes up impeachment of Louisiana judge Archived July 31, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, The Washington Times, December 7, 2010
  58. 1 2 Restoring the Republic 2008: Foreign Policy & Civil Liberties Archived October 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, The Future of Freedom Foundation, June 6, 2008
  59. ↑ "TURLEY TESTIFIES IN SENATE GORSUCH CONFIRMATION HEARING". JONATHAN TURLEY. March 23, 2017. Archived from the original on August 24, 2021. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
  60. ↑ "Turley Testimony In Senate Confirmation Hearing Of Loretta Lynch". JONATHAN TURLEY. January 29, 2015. Archived from the original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
  61. ↑ "TURLEY TESTIFIES IN BARR CONFIRMATION HEARING". JONATHAN TURLEY. January 16, 2019. Archived from the original on September 18, 2021. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
  62. ↑ The Worst Congress Ever, Rolling Stone, October 17, 2006
  63. ↑ "House Takes Up Impeachment Task With Time Short Archived March 23, 2021, at the Wayback Machine", The Washington Post, November 15, 1998
  64. ↑ Clinton Impeachment Testimony Archived December 6, 2019, at the Wayback Machine House Judiciary Committee, August 20, 2007
  65. ↑ The Impeachment Hearings, Debate on Article IV Archived August 17, 2000, at the Wayback Machine, Federal News Service, December 12, 1998
  66. ↑ NSA ruling much like a pig in parlor Archived September 30, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Chicago Tribune, August 20, 2006
  67. 1 2 The GOP's only impeachment witness on Wednesday contradicted his own previous testimony Archived December 5, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Business Insider, Sonam Sheth, December 4, 2019. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  68. 1 2 Jonathan Turley Is Exhibit A That the Clinton Debacle Never Really Ended Archived December 11, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Esquire, Charles Pierce, December 4, 2019. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  69. 1 2 Trump impeachment hearings: Legal scholars' testimony in both Trump, Clinton cases stress 'Abuse of power' Archived December 5, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Newsweek, James Crowley, December 4, 2019. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  70. 1 2 "Opening statement" (PDF). int.nyt.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 1, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
  71. ↑ Bloomberg, Anna (209). "House Judiciary Committee holds first impeachment hearing". www.jurist.org. Archived from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
  72. ↑ "Turley: Testifying for Republicans should not be a sin for academics". The Hill. December 28, 2019. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
  73. ↑ "Democratic impeachment case collapses under weight of time". The Hill. January 4, 2020. Archived from the original on March 9, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
  74. 1 2 "Turley: Democrats offering passion over proof in Trump impeachment". The Hill. December 5, 2019. Archived from the original on May 7, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
  75. ↑ "Jonathan Turley On His Impeachment Testimony". NPR. December 5, 2019. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
  76. ↑ "Opinion on the hearing". Los Angeles Times. December 9, 2019. Archived from the original on September 5, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
  77. ↑ "House impeachment vote". Los Angeles Times. December 18, 2019. Archived from the original on January 31, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
  78. ↑ "Archived copy". Facebook. Archived from the original on November 20, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  79. ↑ "Viewpoint: 'No crime, no impeachment' is a shaky defence". BBC News. January 21, 2020. Archived from the original on June 14, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
  80. ↑ "Opinion | Jonathan Turley: Where the Trump defense goes too far - The Washington Post". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 2, 2021. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
  81. ↑ "Outnumbered". Fox News. January 18, 2021. Archived from the original on September 22, 2021.
  82. ↑ "House Impeachment Vote: Live Updates". NPR. February 2, 2022. Archived from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
  83. 1 2 "Turley: Swift new impeachment would damage the Constitution". January 9, 2021. Archived from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
  84. 1 2 "The case for censuring Trump". January 11, 2021. Archived from the original on January 31, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2021.
  85. ↑ "Law professor declines to defend Trump for impeachment". February 3, 2021. Archived from the original on July 26, 2021. Retrieved February 12, 2021.
  86. ↑ "Senate likely to take up impeachment trial after holiday recess, McConnell says". ABC News. Archived from the original on September 30, 2021. Retrieved January 26, 2021.
  87. ↑ "Most Senate Republicans back measure saying Trump impeachment trial is unconstitutional". NBC News. January 26, 2021. Archived from the original on November 10, 2021. Retrieved January 26, 2021.
  88. ↑ Public intellectuals : a study of decline, by Richard A. Posner, Harvard University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-674-00633-X
  89. ↑ History of the Opinion Awards Archived July 2, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, The Week Magazine, April 14, 2010
  90. ↑ The John Marshall Law School Archived September 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, January 20, 2008
  91. ↑ The Lawdragon 500 for 2008 Archived July 22, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, October 16, 2008
  92. ↑ The Blawg 100 Archived September 4, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, ABA Journal, December 2, 2008
  93. ↑ The Turley Blog Leads in Vote on Best Law Professor and Legal Theory Blogs Archived February 1, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, Jonathan Turley blog, December 27, 2008
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  95. ↑ House Staff Member Cleared in Inquiry on Leak of Iraq Intelligence Estimate Archived December 23, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, November 22, 2006
  96. ↑ Jonathan Turley to Advise NSA Whitsle-blower Archived May 30, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Legal Times and The National Law Journal, October 10, 2008
  97. ↑ Elizabeth Morgan Act and Legislating Family Values Archived February 12, 2021, at the Wayback Machine November 20, 2007
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