Joseph Green (1727 – 27 June 1786) was an English merchant who became the "best friend"[1] of Immanuel Kant.

Biography

Green was born in Kingston upon Hull. He settled in Königsberg, Germany, and traded grains, coal, herring, and manufactured goods. Around 1752 Green hired Robert Motherby who also came from Hull as his assistant. Motherby later became his business partner and successor. Green never married.[1]

It is not known when exactly Green became Kant's friend, but it was in 1763 or before according to a champagne glass inscribed with their names and some other friends' names.[2] Green shared with Kant a deep appreciation of the ideas of David Hume and Jean-Jacques Rousseau,[3] in addition, Green could provide a perspective on the outside world that was helpful for Kant.[1] Meeting on a regular basis, Kant discussed his work with him, including every sentence of his "Critique of Pure Reason" prior to the 1781 publication.[4] Kant also entrusted Green with his money.[4]

Kant, who did not travel far beyond Königsberg, sent Green to visit Emanuel Swedenborg and check his health as Kant had doubts about his mental state.[5] Green's sense of order and resulting pedantic punctuality inspired Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel to write a comedy: Der Mann nach der Uhr. This sense of order, regularity, and punctuality also had an effect on Kant.[4][6] Kuehn remarks that "Green's effect upon Kant cannot be overestimated."[3]

Green's death in 1786 deeply affected Kant.

References

  1. 1 2 3 John H. Zammito (2002). Kant, Herder, and the Birth of Anthropology. The University of Chicago Press. p. 103. ISBN 0-226-97858-3.
  2. ↑ "Immanuel Kant, Joseph Green, Robert".
  3. 1 2 Kuehn M (3 May 2001). "Meet Mr Green". The Economist . Archived from the original on 25 February 2018. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  4. 1 2 3 Hans-Peter Gensichen (March 2004). "Wie schwul war Kant? (How gay was Kant?)" (PDF) (in German). Forum. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  5. ↑ Stephen Larsen: The Fundamentalist Mind: How Polarized Thinking Imperils Us All. Quest Books, 2014, ISBN 0-8356-3101-X, S. 220
  6. ↑ Sinistre (1 March 2010). "Some of Kant's unique behaviuorisms". Noumenal Realm. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
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